scholarly journals An Overview of Underwater Connectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Wentao Song ◽  
Weicheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Engineering Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Cots Products ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Optical Connection ◽  
Complex Components

Underwater connectors are very essential and complex components of deep-sea engineering equipment and their design and manufacture have apparent multidisciplinary characteristics. Wet-mateable connectors (WMCs) represent the highest level of technology in this field, and only a very few countries in the world can produce WMCs. So, WMCs are likely to be a constraining factor to some maritime powers that might try to achieve breakthroughs in this field, constraining the innovation-driven development of deep-sea equipment. This paper gives a detailed overview of underwater connectors, both electrical and optical. First, the background of underwater connectors is introduced, and then the main available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products are described. Next, the new concept of functional units is proposed by the authors to help readers to have a better understanding of underwater connectors. Then, the basic theories of design are introduced according to different functional units, covering the aspects of electrical/optical connection, pressure-balanced oil-filled (PBOF) technology, penetrable self-sealing, aligning and locking structures. Finally, some discussions and conclusions are presented. This paper aims to reveal the secrets of key technologies used in underwater connectors, especially in WMCs.

Loss of sleep or loss of dark?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Night And Day

Before electricity, night was something akin to the deep sea: just as we could not descend much below the water surface, we also could not investigate the night for more than a short distance, and for a short period of time. Things changed with two inventions: the Bathysphere to plumb the ocean floor, and electricity to light the night for sustained exploration. Exploration led to dominance, and night has become indistinguishable from day in many parts of the world. The benefits of electric light are myriad, but so too are the possible detriments of loss of dark at night, including poor sleep, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and mood disorders. Our primordial physiological adaptation to the night and day cycle is being flummoxed by the maladaptive signals coming from electric lighting around the clock. The topic of sleep and health has finally attained scientific respect, but dark and health is not yet fully appreciated.

Results of the design of crossstability stabilizers of the car Formula Student PNRPU

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
The World ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Control Accuracy ◽  
Acceleration Test

Сurrently Formula Student Motorsport competitions are actively gaining popularity in the world. These competitions are held exclusively for student teams whose goal is to develop, build and test racing cars. Competitions are divided into static and dynamic disciplines. The most important role among these disciplines is played by dynamic ones, which include such tests as: acceleration test, maneuverability, control accuracy, endurance race and energy efficiency. The main tasks of these tests are to pass various types of turns and difficult sections of the route.therefore, to get the best results, it is necessary to complete these tests in the shortest possible time. It is possible to achieve the desired result by achieving the best dynamic performance of the car. One of these problems solved in the design and manufacture of the Formula Student car is the problem of designing cross-stability stabilizers. Keywords Car "Formula Student" PNRPU, rear and front stabilizer bar, design, calculation, operation

Old Norse Mythology as Sacred Narrative

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-102
Author(s):  
John Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Norse Mythology

This chapter presents a case study of one myth that we have from pictorial sources in the Viking Age, from poems almost certainly composed in the Viking Age, and from thirteenth-century sources, namely the encounter between the god Þórr (Thor) and his cosmic enemy, the World serpent, a beast that encircles the earth, in the deep sea. In this myth, Þórr fishes up the serpent, and depending on the variant, Þórr may or may not kill the serpent. I present and analyze the texts in more or less chronological order, from the older skalds through the Eddic poem Hymiskviða, through Snorri Sturluson in Edda, and compare the texts to the rock carvings that portray the myth. I argue that the issue of the death or survival of the serpent is less important than the simple fact that Þórr had the serpent on his hook.

scholarly journals Phosphorus burial in the ocean over glacial-interglacial time scales

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tamburini ◽  
K. B. Föllmi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. The role of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), and their impact on primary productivity and the fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial periods are intensely debated. Suggestions as to the importance of P evolved from an earlier proposal that P actively participated in changing productivity rates and therefore climate change, to most recent ones that changes in the glacial ocean inventory of phosphorus were important but not influential if compared to other macronutrients, such as nitrate. Using new data coming from a selection of ODP sites, we analyzed the distribution of oceanic P sedimentary phases and calculate reactive P burial fluxes, and we show how P burial fluxes changed over the last glacial-interglacial period at these sites. Concentrations of reactive P are generally lower during glacial times, while mass accumulation rates (MAR) of reactive P show higher variability. If we extrapolate for the analyzed sites, we may assume that in general glacial burial fluxes of reactive P are lower than those during interglacial periods by about 8%, because the lack of burial of reactive P on the glacial shelf reduced in size, was apparently not compensated by burial in other regions of the ocean. Using the calculated changes in P burial, we evaluate their possible impact on the phosphate inventory in the world oceans. Using a simple mathematical approach, we find that these changes alone could have increased the phosphate inventory of glacial ocean waters by 17–40% compared to interglacial stages. Variations in the distribution of sedimentary P phases at the investigated sites seem to indicate that at the onset of interglacial stages, shallower sites experienced an increase in reactive P concentrations, which seems to point to P-richer waters at glacial terminations. All these findings would support the Shelf-Nutrient Hypothesis, which assumes that during glacial low stands nutrients are transferred from shallow sites to deep sea with possible feedback on the carbon cycle.

A numerical calculation method of environmental impacts for the deep sea mining industry – a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-468
Author(s):  
Wenbin Ma ◽  
Cees van Rhee ◽  
Dingena Schott
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
The World ◽  
Numerical Calculation Method

Since the gradual decrease of mineral resources on-land, deep sea mining (DSM) is becoming an urgent and important emerging activity in the world.

Problems With COTS Software: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Beheshti ◽  
John Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Cots Products ◽  
Software Programs ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

This article reports on the use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software for developing a dynamic environment for an online public access catalogue (OPAC). COTS products are widely used throughout the industry. While there are many potential benefits, use of COTS components is also fraught with pitfalls. The research on creating a dynamic environment for OPACs is based on the previous work in this area, Public Access Catalogue Extension (PACE), which was developed with custom-based software programs. Although in the previous research project all the programs were successfully developed in C and C++, the present project relied very little on original and custom programming. Instead, a number of COTS products were used to construct the dynamic environment: Macromedia Director, 3D Dreams, Extreme 3D, Crossroads, and Easybase. These COTS products were chosen for their ability to produce the desired results, their availability at reasonable costs, and their capability to integrate with one another. A small experimental database with one hundred MARC records was constructed in Easybase. Models were built in Extreme 3D and converted to 3D Studio using Crossroads. These models were used in 3D Dreams to create three-dimensional environments for use in Macromedia Director.

Quality Assessment of Standard and Customized COTS Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sudhaman Parthasarathy ◽  
C. Sridharan ◽  
Thangavel Chandrakumar ◽  
S. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Cots Products ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

Software quality is a very important aspect in evolving strategy for IT vendors involved in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) (also referred as packaged software) product development. Software metrics are widely accepted measures for monitoring and managing the quality in software projects. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are COTS products and attempt to integrate data and processes in organizations and often require extensive customization. Using software quality metrics already established in literature, software quality attributes defined by the quality model ISO/IEC 9126 were evaluated for a standard and a customized ERP product. This will help the ERP team to identify the specific quality attributes that were affected owing to customization. This research study infers that there exists a considerable impact of ERP system customization over the quality of ERP product. The implications of the findings for both practice and research are discussed, and possible areas of future research are identified.

Miocene start of modern carbonate platforms

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Betzler ◽  
Gregor P. Eberli
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Particle Sorting ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Stacking Patterns ◽  
Extract Information

Abstract The middle Miocene onset of modern ocean circulation patterns changed the growth style of isolated tropical carbonate platforms because surface and contour currents began shaping the flanks of these edifices. Since then, ocean currents have redistributed the off-bank–transported sediment, reduced sedimentation by particle sorting or winnowing, and even eroded slopes. As a result, the flanks of isolated carbonate platforms around the world after 13–10 Ma have not only been constructed by mass gravity deposits, but equally by contourites with distinct drift and moat geometries. These produce specific stacking patterns of platform flank deposits. This flank architecture, produced by combined current and gravity processes, is typical of tropical carbonate platforms growing in the Neogene icehouse world. Comparison of this architecture with geometries in older platforms also has the potential to extract information about the rigor of ocean circulation in deep time where the deep-sea record is missing.

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