scholarly journals Microplastics in Surface Sediments along the Montenegrin Coast, Adriatic Sea: Types, Occurrence, and Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Neda Bošković ◽  
Danijela Joksimović ◽  
Milica Peković ◽  
Ana Perošević-Bajčeta ◽  
Oliver Bajt
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Average Abundance ◽  
Common Shape

Considering that microplastics are widespread in the marine environment, in this study we evaluated the presence, identify distribution, abundance, shape type, and color of microplastics in surface sediment along the Montenegrin coast, on the Adriatic Sea. These preliminary results provide the first published record of microplastics found in the surface sediment of this area and highlight the importance of microplastics as a component of marine debris. We documented the presence of microplastics at all sampling locations. The identification of polymer types was performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, whereby the presence of three polymer types became evident: polypropylene (54.5%), polyethylene (9.7%), and acrylate copolymer (2.0%). Another 22.2% of particles were unidentified polymers, and the remaining 11.5% were non-synthetic materials. The most common shape type of microplastics was filaments (55.5%), followed by granules (26.3%), fragments (14.9%), and films (3.3%). The dominant colors of microplastics followed the order: blue > yellow > red > clear > black > green > blue-white > white. The average abundance of microplastics in all sampling locations was 609 pieces of microplastic/kg of dry sediment. Compared with other studies, the surface sediment of the Montenegrin coast is moderately to highly polluted with microplastics, depending on the examined location.

Estimation of Organochlorine Pesticides and Dioxin-Like PCBs in Surface Sediments from Baihua Lake

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2988-2993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Li Ya Fu ◽  
Ji Wei Hu ◽  
Zheng Wen Yu ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Sampling Locations

The concentration of eight organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were estimated in nine surface sediment samples from Baihua Lake. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied using selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for the quantification of the OCPs and for the qualification of the dl-PCBs. The results showed that the concentrations of DDTs varied from 1.04 to 36.74 ng g-1(dry weight) in these sampling locations, and that of HCHs was in the range from 0.57 to 8.90 ng g-1. In addition, PCB167 and PCB169 were detected in several sediment samples.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Assessment of Petroleum Activities in Surface Sediments, Suez Gulf, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Magda M. Abou El-Safa ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ashwaq M. Alnemari ◽  
Mohammed H. Almarshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Suez Gulf

The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The mineralogical composition mainly comprised quartz, dolomites, calcite, and feldspars. The average concentrations of the detected heavy metals, in descending order, were Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. A non-significant or negative relationship between the heavy metal concentration in the samples and their textural grain size characteristics was observed. The coastal surface sediment samples of the Suez Gulf contained lower concentrations of heavy metals than those published for other regions in the world with petroleum activities, except for Al, Mn, and Cr. The results for the CF, EF, and Igeo showed that Cd and Pb have severe enrichment in surface sediment and are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn originate from natural sources. By comparison, the PLI and RI results indicate that the North Amer El Bahry and July Water Floud are considered polluted areas due to their petroleum activities. The continuous monitoring and assessment of pollutants in the Suez Gulf will aid in the protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources.

scholarly journals Extraction and identification of microplastics from mussels: Method development and preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaelina Mercogliano ◽  
Serena Santonicola ◽  
Gennaro Raimo ◽  
Maurizio Gasperi ◽  
Giampaolo Colavita
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Average Abundance ◽  
Recovery Percentage

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to marine ecosystems. One of the primary environmental risks is their bioavailability for aquatic organisms. Some fish and bivalves are of particular interest because their feeding strategies expose them to particles present in the water column. The aim of the study was to assess an extraction method in order to isolate and quantify MPs from fish gastrointestinal tract (n.8) and muscle (n.4), and bivalves (n.8) samples. The accuracy of the method was assessed through the calculation of the recovery percentage in samples spiked with a known number of MPs using microscopic observation. Successively, the extraction was preliminarily applied on n.20 mussels collected from mariculture plants of the Tyrrhenian and the Adriatic Sea. The results of the digestion protocol showed an average extraction yield of 80% in fish gastrointestinal tracts, 90% in fish muscle samples, and 95% in mussels. Preliminary analysis carried out on farmed mussels showed an average abundance of 3.8 items/individual, and 0.5 items/g of tissue, among those black, was the most represented color.

scholarly journals Sediment Sources and Dispersion on the Western Sunda Shelf, Malay Peninsula, Southern South China Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Yanguang Liu ◽  
Chuanshun Li ◽  
Ramlan Bin Omar ◽  
Xuefa Shi ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Sediment Samples

Thirty-nine surface sediment samples collected from the western Sunda Shelf off the Malay Peninsula (WSSMP) in the southern South China Sea (SCS) were analysed for grain size, major and trace elemental compositions, and light/heavy mineral contents to trace the sediment sources and their transport mechanisms in the study area. In the WSSMP, the surface sediments are relatively poorly sorted but transportable. A principal component analysis of 37 elements and grain size fractions indicates that the surface sediments can be grouped into four major assemblages in the study area. Integrating with the light/heavy minerals data in the 63–125 μm fractions of the surface sediment samples, to better trace the sediment sources of the coarse-grained components in the marine environment, the study area can be further divided into four sediment provinces. Province I is located in the northwestern part of the study area. The concentrations of TiO2, Na2O, garnet, siderite, and glauconite in Province I were higher than in the other provinces. The main sediment source for this province originated from the Kelantan River and the Gulf of Thailand transported by the northeastern monsoon current. Province II is located offshore of the Pahang and Endau Rivers. The percentages of TiO2, rare earth elements, Al2O3, quartz, plagioclase, hypersthene, and magnetite in the surface sediments were typically higher in this province than in the other provinces. The Pahang and Endau rivers provide most of the sediments to this province, which are transported by southward coastal currents. Province III is located in the northeastern and eastern parts of the study area, where the coarse-grained sediment fraction had relatively high hornblende and biotite contents. Sediments in this province are mostly transported from the Mekong River during the northeastern monsoon. The other parts of the study area belong to Province IV, where the surface sediment elemental and mineral concentrations were mostly between those of the other three provinces. Therefore, we suggest that Province IV has a mixed source due to inputs from the surrounding rivers.

Comparative analysis of the total and active bacterial communities in the surface sediment of Lake Taihu

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-tong Liu ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Total Bacterial Community ◽  
Quantitative Results

ABSTRACT Bacterial communities play crucial roles in the biogeochemical cycle of the surface sediments of freshwater lakes, but previous studies on bacterial community changes in this habitat have mostly been based on the total bacterial community (DNA level), while an exploration of the active microbiota at the RNA level has been lacking. Herein, we analysed the bacterial communities in the surface sediments of Lake Taihu at the DNA and RNA levels. Using MiSeq sequencing and real-time quantification, we found that the sequencing and quantitative results obtained at the RNA level compared with the DNA level were more accurate in responding to the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of the bacterial community. Although both sequencing methods indicated that Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, the co-occurrence network at the RNA level could better reflect the close relationship between microorganisms in the surface sediment. Additionally, further analysis showed that Prochlorococcus and Microcystis were the most relevant and dominant genera of Cyanobacteria in the total and active bacterial communities, respectively; our results also demonstrated that the analysis of Cyanobacteria-related groups at the RNA level was more ‘informative’.

Corrigendum to “The first assessment of marine debris in a Site of Community Importance in the north-western Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)” [Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114 (2017) 821–830]

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 110960
Author(s):  
Valentina Melli ◽  
Michela Angiolillo ◽  
Francesca Ronchi ◽  
Simonepietro Canese ◽  
Otello Giovanardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
The North ◽  
A Site ◽  
North Western

Analysis of the Coated Interface Using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikatsu Nishioka ◽  
Tatsuhiko Nakano ◽  
Norio Teramae
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Acrylic Acid Copolymer

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was applied in order to analyze the interaction of the coated interface between two different polymers. The samples investigated were prepared by coating urethane paint on an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and on an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer whose ethylester group had been partially hydrolyzed (EAA/EEA). It was demonstrated that a mixed phase was formed along the coated interface between the urethane paint and the EAA and between the paint and the EAA/EEA. The interaction between molecules of the polyurethane and the EAA was observed.

Bacterial diversity of polluted surface sediments in the northern Adriatic Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Korlević ◽  
Jurica Zucko ◽  
Mirjana Najdek Dragić ◽  
Maria Blažina ◽  
Emina Pustijanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic

Infra-Red Spectroscopy Analysis of Malva Fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Jean Igor Margem ◽  
Lucas Barbosa de Souza Martins ◽  
Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Infra Red

The growing interest for natural materials as an environmentally friendly alternative for the substitution of energy intensive and non-sustainable synthetic materials, has motivated the use of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement of polymer composites. The malva fiber, a relatively unknown lignocellulosic fiber with potential for composite reinforcement, still needs to be characterized for possible engineer applications. Therefore, the present work analyzed the malva fiber by means of Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The malva fiber FTIR spectrum revealed main absorption bands typical of any lignocellulosic fiber. However, some specific bands as well as bands broadening and intensity suggested particular activities for functional molecular groups in the malva fiber.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of n-alkanes in surface sediments of Taihu Lake, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Zhigang Guo ◽  
Hua Zou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The last study on n-alkanes in surface sediments of Taihu Lake was in 2000, only 13 surface sediment samples were analysed, in order to have a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of n-alkanes in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake, 41 surface sediment samples were analyzed by GC-MS. C10 to C37 were detected, the total concentrations of n-alkanes ranged from 2109 ng g−1 to 9096 ng g−1 (dry weight). There was strong odd carbon predominance in long chain n-alkanes and even carbon predominance in short chain n-alkanes. When this finding was combined with the analysis results of wax n-alkanes (WaxCn), carbon preference index (CPI), unresolved complex mixture (UCM), hopanes and steranes, it was considered that the long chain n-alkanes were mainly from terrigenous higher plants, and that the short chain n-alkanes mainly originated from bacteria and algae in the lake, compared with previous studies, there were no obvious anthropogenic petrogenic inputs. Terrestrial and aquatic hydrocarbons ratio (TAR) and C21−/C25+ indicated that terrigenous input was higher than aquatic sources and the nearshore n-alkanes were mainly from land-derived sources. Moreover, the distribution of short chain n-alkanes presented a relatively uniform pattern, while the long chain n-alkanes presented a trend that concentrations dropped from nearshore places to the middle of lake.

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