scholarly journals Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal Torreya grandis Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Lina Xia ◽  
Changliang Shao ◽  
Naili Zhang ◽  
Aiping Wu ◽  
Jiangbo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Torreya Grandis ◽  
Proline Concentration

Acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. However, the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi control SAR-induced impacts on Torreya grandis plants remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted on T. grandis seedlings, an economically important tree species in Southern China, in which inoculated and non-inoculated T. grandis seedlings were subjected to three simulated SAR regimes (pH of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5, respectively) to examine the effects on the growth, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption of these seedlings. The results show that, although SAR had no effect on the accumulation of biomass, it significantly decreased the concentrations of proline and soluble protein, shoot Zn2+, P, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations, and the Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentrations of shoots and roots. Mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with Rhizophagus irregularis, significantly increased total biomass, proline concentration, and the Zn2+, P, and K+ concentrations in the shoots of T. grandis under lower pH conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of root colonization, acid tolerance, and the concentrations of shoot-P, shoot-Zn2+, and root-Fe2+ of T. grandis jointly conferred mycorrhizal benefits on the plants under SAR conditions. Given the enhancement of the nutritional quality of T. grandis owing to mycorrhizal associations, inoculation with R. irregularis may be preferable for the culturing and management of these plants under acidic conditions.

Associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhynchrelyrum repens in abandoned quarries in southern China

2008 ◽  
Vol 304 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jian-gang Yuan ◽  
Zhong-yi Yang ◽  
Guo-rong Xin ◽  
Ling Fan
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Phylogenetic analysis of fungal aquaporins provides insight into their possible role in water transport of mycorrhizal associations

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Insight Into

In mycorrhizal associations, water transport properties of the fungal hyphae may have a profound effect on water transport of the host plant. The importance of aquaporins, water-transporting members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, in facilitating water transport has been widely acknowledged and extensively studied in plants. However, until recently, relatively little was known about the structure, function, and regulation of fungal MIPs. The rapid increase in the number of sequenced fungal genomes, including Laccaria bicolor and other mycorrhizal fungi, has enabled functional and comparative genomic investigations to delineate the role that fungal MIPs play in mycorrhizal-facilitated plant water transport. Phylogenic analysis of 229 fungal MIPs from 88 species revealed that MIPs of mycorrhizal fungal species fall into four clusters delineated by functionally characterized fungal MIPs: the orthodox aquaporins, the aquaglyceroporins, the facultative fungal aquaporins, and the X intrinsic proteins. This comparative genomics analysis, together with in silico structural characterization of predicted MIPs and recently published functional characterization of MIPs from a small number of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal species, provide new insight into MIP gene families of mycorrhizal fungi and possible roles for fungal aquaporins in water relations of mycorrhizal plant–fungus symbioses.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza-released glomalin-related soil protein fractions contribute to soil total nitrogen in trifoliate orange

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Meng ◽  
Jia-Dong He ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Root Box ◽  
Area And Volume ◽  
Soil Protein

Glomalin released from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has important roles in soil nutrient cycles, whereas contributing to glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions to soil nitrogen (N) is unknown. In this study, a two-chambered root-box that was divided into root chamber (root and mycorrhizal fungi hypha) and hypha chamber (free of the root) was used, and three AMF species including Diversispora epigaea, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizoglomus intraradices were separately inoculated into the root chamber. Plant growth, soil total N, N content of purified GRSP fractions, and its contribution to soil total N, and leaf and root N contents were analysed. After four months, total biomass and root total length, surface area, and volume were improved by all AMF inoculations. AMF inoculations dramatically increased soil total N content in two chambers. The N content of purified easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP) and difficultly extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP) was 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/g and 0.16 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, accounted for 15.6 ± 1.6% and 18.1 ± 1.8% of soil total N, respectively. AMF inoculations stimulated the N accumulation in EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP, especially in the hypha chamber. It concluded that GRSP, especially DE-GRSP, acts as a soil N pool accounting for 33.8 ± 1.9% of soil total N in orchards.

scholarly journals Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Hadou Haro ◽  
Kadidia Semde ◽  
Kadidiata Bahadio ◽  
Kadidia B. Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires.   English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations. Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals Reciprocal interactions between aphids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across plant generations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth P. Chitty ◽  
Alan C. Gange
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Offspring Generation

AbstractThe conditions experienced by one plant generation can influence the growth of the offspring generation. These maternal effects can reduce performance of foliar-feeding insects, through accumulation of plant defences. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inhabit the roots of plants and are known to influence the performance of foliar-feeding insects. However, all published studies of the interactions between insects and AMF have taken place within one plant generation, but none across generations. Thus, in the present study, Senecio vulgaris plants were grown with or without aphids and AMF (termed ‘induction events’), and seeds from each treatment were used to grow plants experiencing that same treatment over four successive generations, all grown in identical environmental conditions. Naïve aphids were reared on Senecio plants whose parents had experienced 0, 1, 2 or 3 induction events. We found strong negative maternal effects of herbivory on aphid growth, which were not mitigated by the mycorrhiza. However, teneral weight and growth rate showed a gradual recovery; aphids reared on plants whose previous three generations suffered attack were similar in size to those at the beginning of the study. Herbivory had positive or negative effects on the mycorrhiza, dependent upon the number of previous generations suffering attack or having mycorrhizal associations. We conclude that the outcome of many insect plant fungal experiments is likely to have been influenced by and need to account for maternal effects of the parental plant’s growth conditions.

scholarly journals A symbiotic balancing act: arbuscular mycorrhizal specificity and specialist fungus gnat pollination in the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Guo ◽  
Zhongtao Zhao ◽  
Shek Shing Mar ◽  
Dianxiang Zhang ◽  
Richard M K Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Abstract Background and Aims Mycorrhizal associations in mycoheterotrophic plants are generally more specialized than in autotrophs. Mycoheterotrophs typically bear small, inconspicuous flowers that often self-pollinate to maximize seed set, although some have structurally complex flowers indicative of xenogamy. A trade-off has previously been proposed between specialization in these above- and below-ground symbioses, although empirical data are lacking. Methods We used next-generation DNA sequencing to compare the mycorrhizal communities from the roots of a mycoheterotrophic species, Thismia tentaculata (Thismiaceae), and its neighbouring autotrophs. We furthermore conducted detailed assessments of floral phenology and pollination ecology, and performed artificial pollination experiments to determine the breeding system. Key Results Thismia tentaculata maintains a symbiotic association with a single arbuscular mycorrhizal Rhizophagus species. The flowers are pollinated by a single species of fungus gnats (Corynoptera, Sciaridae), which are attracted by the yellow pigments and are temporarily restrained within the perianth chamber before departing via apertures between the anthers. The plants are self-compatible but predominantly xenogamous. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that T. tentaculata maintains highly specialized associations with pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi, both of which are widely distributed. We suggest that specialization in multiple symbiotic interactions is possible in mycoheterotrophs if redundant selective pressures are not exerted to further restrict an already constrained suite of life-history traits.

scholarly journals   Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with citrus orchards under different types of soil management, southern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wang ◽  
J.J. Zhang ◽  
B. Shu ◽  
R.X. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in sod culture (SC), straw mulching (NM), and herbicide treated and no-tillage (NH) citrus orchards, respectively. The highest total colonization rate (39.47%) and hyphal length density (1.15 m/g soil) were found in SC, the highest spore numbers (1024 spores/100 g soil) in NM, while the lowest ones (31.50%, 0.94 m/g soil and 719 spores/100 g soil) in NH and they varied significantly among three different types of orchards. Total 18 AMF species belonging to five families, Acaulosporaceae (four species), Claroideoglomeraceae (two species), Gigasporaceae (one species), Glomeraceae (nine species) and Pacisporaceae (two species) were identified, and Glomus aggregatum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum were the dominant species in all surveyed plots. The redundancy analysis showed that AMF community structure was influenced greatly by pH, soil management, soil organic matter (C<sub>ox</sub>) and available phosphorus (P<sub>Olsen</sub>). In SC orchards, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of AMF were notably higher than in other treated orchards. So, it is reasonable to select SC as the best practice in citrus orchard in order to enhance AMF benefits. &nbsp;

Mycorrhizal colonization, P uptake and yield of older and modern wheats under organic management

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kirk ◽  
Martin Entz ◽  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Mario Tenuta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

Kirk, A. P., Entz, M. H., Fox, S. L. and Tenuta, M. 2011. Mycorrhizal colonization, P uptake and yield of older and modern wheats under organic management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 663–667. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important for plant nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal dependence varies between wheat genotypes. Cultivar selection under fertilized conditions may have reduced mycorrhizal associations in modern cultivars. This study investigated AMF colonization, tissue P and grain yield of five modern (post 1990) and five older (pre 1970) spring wheat cultivars over 4 site-years in Manitoba. Older cultivars actually had significantly lower AMF colonization and grain yield than modern cultivars, but no tissue P concentration differences were observed. The two highest yielding lines were released after 2004, and one of these (FBC Dylan) was selected for suitability in organic farming systems.

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