scholarly journals Preliminary Pharmacogenetic Study to Explore Putative Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Antidepressant Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Taichi Ochi ◽  
Natalya M. Vyalova ◽  
Innokentiy S. Losenkov ◽  
Diana Z. Paderina ◽  
Ivan V. Pozhidaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Study ◽  
Dopaminergic Mechanisms ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Background: There is sufficient evidence that interference of dopaminergic neurotransmission contributes to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants in unipolar and bipolar depression. Methods: Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD 17) scores of 163 at least moderately ill patients with major depressive disorders were used to establish treatment response. HAMD 17 score status was measured before initiation, after two weeks, and after four weeks of treatment with various antidepressants. The possible association between response and genotype in a total of 14 variants of dopamine neurotransmission-related proteins was investigated. Results: DRD4 rs11246226 CA heterozygous patients were found with a greater improvement of HAMD 17 score when compared to homozygous C patients during 0–2 weeks and 0–4 weeks. Patients with MAOB rs1799836 heterozygous GA and homozygous A also demonstrated improved scores during 2–4 weeks and 0–4 weeks. Conclusions: The results are preliminary due to the limited population size and the small number of variants. Further research into the involvement of habenular dopamine D4 receptors in the antidepressant response is desirable.

P.0579 Pharmacogenetic study to elucidate putative dopaminergic mechanisms of antidepressant action

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S424-S425
Author(s):  
T. Ochi ◽  
N.M. Vyalova ◽  
I.S. Losenkov ◽  
D.Z. Paderina ◽  
I.V. Pozhidaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacogenetic Study ◽  
Dopaminergic Mechanisms ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Longitudinal assessment of disability amongst patients of bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders presenting to a tertiary care center in North India

2022 ◽  
pp. 002076402110701
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sagar ◽  
Mahadev Singh Sen ◽  
Nand Kumar ◽  
Nishtha Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
North India ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: To assess and compare the changes in disability scores associated with Bipolar Depression (BD) and Unipolar Depression (UD) over 1 year. Methods: A longitudinal study was taken up in adults diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder with current depressive episode. Diagnosis was made according to Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Severity scoring was done using Hamilton’s Depression (HAM-D) rating scale and Hamilton’s Anxiety (HAM-A) rating scale. Disability was assessed using Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and London handicap Scale (LHS) at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results: Sixty participants were recruited (42 UD and 18 BD). No significant differences were seen in socio-demographic parameters, except higher education levels and males being overrepresented in UD. Significant differences at baseline were seen in HAM-D ( p = .001) and HAM-A ( p = .003) scores. The extent of disability was seen to correlate with severity of illness only in case of BD at baseline. No significant differences were seen in the IDEAS scores at baseline. IDEAS score improved at each follow-up assessment ( p < .001). LHS showed significant improvement over time in UD ( p < .001), but not BD ( p = .076). Percentage individuals meeting cut-off for benchmark disability (>40%) were comparable at baseline but were significantly more in the BD at 12-months ( p = .049). Conclusion and implications: Disability in psychiatry occurs equally amongst unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders and tends to improve over time, although the level of improvement may differ. It may not always correspond to severity of illness. These factors should be considered while certifying disability.

scholarly journals Rosiglitazone Add-On in Treatment of Depressed Patients with Insulin Resistance: a Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Rasgon ◽  
Heather A. Kenna ◽  
Katherine E. Williams ◽  
Bevin Powers ◽  
Tonita Wroolie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Matsuda Index

A number of cross-sectional studies have suggested an association between insulin resistance (IR) and affective disorders. However, limited data exist on potential changes in IR in a prospective treatment of depression. The present pilot study tested the hypothesis that improvement of IR with the addition of an insulin-sensitizing agent would improve mood in nondiabetic patients with unipolar or bipolar depression, who had surrogate blood markers suggestive of IR. Surrogate IR-criteria blood markers were fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dl or triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio >3.0. Open-label rosiglitazone, titrated to a dose of 8 mg/day, was administered for 12 weeks to 12 patients with depressive disorder receiving treatment as usual (TAU). Eight patients who completed the 12-week study exhibited significant declines in both depression severity by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale, with moderate effect sizes noted. Modest improvement in Matsuda Index scores was also noted at 12 weeks, yet declines in depression severity scores were not associated with improvements in the endocrine markers (Matsuda Index, TG/HDL ratio, and body mass index). These results suggest the potential novel use for an insulin-sensitizing agent in the treatment of depressive disorders. Larger placebo-controlled studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Translating the BDI and BDI-II into the HAMD and vice versa with equipercentile linking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi A. Furukawa ◽  
Mirjam Reijnders ◽  
Sanae Kishimoto ◽  
Masatsugu Sakata ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Conversion Table ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Aims The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are the most frequently used observer-rated and self-report scales of depression, respectively. It is important to know what a given total score or a change score from baseline on one scale means in relation to the other scale. Methods We obtained individual participant data from the randomised controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorders. We then identified corresponding scores of the HAMD and the BDI (369 patients from seven trials) or the BDI-II (683 patients from another seven trials) using the equipercentile linking method. Results The HAMD total scores of 10, 20 and 30 corresponded approximately with the BDI scores of 10, 27 and 42 or with the BDI-II scores of 13, 32 and 50. The HAMD change scores of −20 and −10 with the BDI of −29 and −15 and with the BDI-II of −35 and −16. Conclusions The results can help clinicians interpret the HAMD or BDI scores of their patients in a more versatile manner and also help clinicians and researchers evaluate such scores reported in the literature or the database, when scores on only one of these scales are provided. We present a conversion table for future research.

scholarly journals Depressive Mood Assessment Method Based on Emotion Level Derived from Voice: Comparison of Voice Features of Individuals with Major Depressive Disorders and Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5435
Author(s):  
Shuji Shinohara ◽  
Mitsuteru Nakamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Omiya ◽  
Masakazu Higuchi ◽  
Naoki Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

Background: In many developed countries, mood disorders have become problematic, and the economic loss due to treatment costs and interference with work is immeasurable. Therefore, a simple technique to determine individuals’ depressive state and stress level is desired. Methods: We developed a method to assess specific the psychological issues of individuals with major depressive disorders using emotional components contained in their voice. We propose two indices: vitality, a short-term index, and mental activity, a long-term index capturing trends in vitality. To evaluate our method, we used the voices of healthy individuals (n = 14) and patients with major depression (n = 30). The patients were also assessed by specialists using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Results: A significant negative correlation existed between the vitality extracted from the voices and HAM-D scores (r = −0.33, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we could discriminate the voice data of healthy individuals and patients with depression with a high accuracy using the vitality indicator (p = 0.0085, area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.76).

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, a Novel Inflammatory Marker, as a Predictor of Bipolar Type in Depressed Patients: A Quest for Biological Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1924
Author(s):  
Vlad Dionisie ◽  
Gabriela Adriana Filip ◽  
Mihnea Costin Manea ◽  
Robert Constantin Movileanu ◽  
Emanuel Moisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Patients

(1) Background: Recent research suggests inflammation as a factor involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory (SII) index ratios have been studied as peripheral markers of inflammation in bipolar and major depressive disorders. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze these inflammatory ratios among manic episodes of bipolar disorder, bipolar depression and unipolar depression. (2) Methods: 182 patients were retrospectively included in the study and divided into three groups: 65 manic patients, 34 patients with bipolar depression, and 83 unipolar depressive patients. White blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets were retrieved from the patients’ database. NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII index were calculated using these parameters. (3) Results: Patients with manic episodes had elevated NLR (p < 0.001), MLR (p < 0.01), PLR (p < 0.05), and SII index (p < 0.001) compared to unipolar depression and increased NLR (p < 0.05) and SII index (p < 0.05) when compared to bipolar depression. NLR (p < 0.01) and SII index (p < 0.05) were higher in the bipolar depression than unipolar depression. NLR is an independent predictor of the bipolar type of depression in depressive patients. (4) Conclusions: The results confirm the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and suggest the ability of NLR as a marker for the differentiation of bipolar from unipolar depression.

scholarly journals To evaluate the efficacy of Brahmi Ghrita in the management of Vishada (depression)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Mali
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Subject

Depressed mood, helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness were the symptoms present in more than 95% of the subjects. 33 subjects displaying the symptoms of Vishada (Depression) within the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Subjects with suicidal tendencies, other psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorders, and pregnant women were excluded. A dose of 6 grams of Brahmi  Ghrita was given twice a day. The effect of the therapy was assessed using Hamilton’s Depression Rating Scale, and Self prepared. Rating Scale of Vishada, based on the scoring achieved by the subject before and after treatment. The result of the study can be summarized as follows - the overall effect of the therapy proves that after thirty days of treatment many symptoms of depression decrease in magnitude, with statistical significance. The drugs present in Brahmi  Ghrita are Srotoshodhaka  and medhya (purify the channels of the body and improves intellectual ability), Vatanulomaka ( corrects the direction of the flow of vata), Vatahara (reduce the level of Vata present in the body), and stimulant in nature. These properties inherently remove the avarana of Kapha and act on Vata. At this juncture, we can conclude that Brahmi  Ghrita has good results in managing Vishada (Depression), within thirty days of treatment.

scholarly journals The Ketamine Antidepressant Story: New Insights

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5777
Author(s):  
Tahani K. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Voltage Gated Channels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Ketamine is a versatile agent primarily utilized as a dissociative anesthetic, which acts by blocking the excitatory receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA). It functions to inhibit the current of both Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels, thus preventing serotonin and dopamine reuptake. Studies have indicated that administering a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine relieves depression rapidly and that the effect is sustained. For decades antidepressant agents were based on the monoamine theory. Although ketamine may not be the golden antidepressant, it has opened new avenues toward mechanisms involved in the pathology of treatment-resistant depression and achieving rapid antidepressant effects. Thus, preclinical studies focusing on deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in the antidepressant action of ketamine will assist in the development of a new antidepressant. This review was conducted to elucidate the emerging pathways that can explain the complex dose-dependent mechanisms achieved by administering ketamine to treat major depressive disorders. Special attention was paid to reviewing the literature on hydroxynorketamines, which are ketamine metabolites that have recently attracted attention in the context of depression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document