scholarly journals COVID-19 Disclosure: A Novel Measurement and Annual Report Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elmarzouky ◽  
Khaldoon Albitar ◽  
Atm Enayet Karim ◽  
Ahmed Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Financial Firms

This paper provides a unique COVID-19 disclosure measurement and investigates the association between the level of COVID-19 disclosure and uncertainty within annual reports for UK FTSE-All share non-financial firms. We used automated textual analysis to score the sampled annual reports. The results show that the level of COVID-19 disclosure varies from industry to industry. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between COVID-19 disclosure and uncertainty in annual reports. Firms with larger boards exhibit more significant uncertainty in annual reports with COVID-19 disclosure. However, the significance of uncertainty in annual reports with COVID-19 disclosure remains at the same level with different board independence percentages. The unique findings of this paper are extremely relevant to governments, shareholders, policymakers, suppliers, and creditors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corporate Governance on Dividend Decisions: Evidence from Non-Financial Sector of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
IHTESHAM KHAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD SHAHID ◽  
SHAH RAZA KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Size Firm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Ownership

This study sought to ascertain the impact of corporate governance on dividend decisions of non-financial firms listed on Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). Panel data was collected from 2011to 2016. Data was collected from Non financial firms annual reports and State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) data base. The STATA software was used to analyze the data. The study investigates the association of firm’s performance and corporate governance. Specifically, this study investigate dividend decision (dividend per share(DPS)), corporate governance (board independence ,board size, size of firm, leverage, profitability, Insider ownership, individual ownership, and institutional ownership). A total of 42 non-financial firms are used to determine this relationship. The results show a positive significant relation between the Profitability, individual ownership with DPS. This study also found a negative and significant relationship between insiders ownership, financial institution ownership with DPS. It has also been found that Board independence, board size, firm size and leverage have negative and insignificant relationship with dividend per share (DPS). Keywords: Corporate Governance, Dividend Decisions, Dividend Policy.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Board Disclosures of Selected Pharmaceuticals Companies of Bangladesh and the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Rehenuma Rahman ◽  
Md. Anwarul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Committees ◽  
Corporate Governance Code ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Limited Scope

This research aims to compare the board disclosures in the annual reports of selected pharmaceutical companies in the UK and Bangladesh. The sample consists of 10 purposively selected pharmaceutical companies from both countries. A secondary qualitative research has been held on 10 board issues: board size, board composition, director’s qualification, board training, board independence, board meetings, independent directors, board committees, director’s remuneration and director’s report. The findings indicate that the Bangladesh Security Exchange Commission’s (BSEC) Corporate Governance Notification, 2012 has limited scope compared with the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2014. Selected UK companies are following the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2014 stringently and disclosing all necessary board disclosures in detail manner as per the requirement of the code, whereas none of the sampled Bangladeshi companies are publishing 100% mandatory board disclosures in detailed manner however they still attach a corporate governance compliance certificate in their annual report. The existing corporate governance notification should be improved which will accelerate the extent of mandatory disclosures. The multitude of voluntary disclosure is quite low in Bangladeshi companies compared with UK companies.

The Annual Reports of the Prison Commissioners for Scotland and Religion, 1903–1931

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Cameron McKay
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century penologists began to explore the possibility that environment and upbringing, as opposed to individual choice, were the causes criminality. The Prison Commissioners for Scotland, the devolved body who administered prisons north of the border, were not immune to this wider trend. Smith has argued that from the 1890s onwards the Commissioners began to accept that criminality was caused by social problems, namely alcoholism, but also parental neglect, poor education and poverty. In their efforts to test these new criminological theories, the Commissioners began to make more careful enquiries into the backgrounds of their charges. From 1896 to 1931 the Commissioners interviewed a sample of prisoners each year and included the findings in their annual report. Although the main focus of these interviews was on the upbringing and drinking habits of prisoners; by the 1900s the Commissioners seem to have added irreligion to the growing list of etiological causes of crime, and from 1903 onwards prisoners were asked to give details on their religious habits. Although it is debateable how much the Prison Commissioners revealed about the relationship between religion and crime, they did however provide a useful insight into the religiosity of the average prisoner.

EXPLORING THE CONTENTS OF THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD ANNUAL REPORTS: 1827–1856

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary John Previts ◽  
William D. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
University Of Alabama ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
The University ◽  
Disclosure Practice ◽  
Corporate Practice

In 1995, a nearly complete collection of the annual reports of the earliest interstate and common carrier railroad in the U. S., the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O), was rediscovered in the archival collection at the Bruno Library of the University of Alabama. Dating from the company's inception in 1827 to its acquisition by the Chessie System in 1962, the reports present a unique opportunity for the exploration, study, and analysis of early U.S. corporate disclosure practice. This paper represents a study of the annual report information made publicly available by one of America's first railroads, and one of the first modern U.S. corporations. In this paper, early annual reports of the B&O which detail its formation, construction, and operation are catalogued as to content and evaluated. Mandated in the corporate charter, the annual “statement of affairs” presented by the management and directors to stockholders is studied as a process and as a product that instigated the institutional corporate practice recognized today as “annual reporting.” Using a single company methodology for assessment of reporting follows a pattern developed by Claire [1945] in his analysis of U.S. Steel and utilized by other researchers. This study demonstrates the use of archival information to improve understanding about the origins and contents of early annual reports and, therein, related disclosure forms.

Responding to “Discrediting” Events: Annual Report Disclosure Responses to Environmental Fines

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Warsame ◽  
Cynthia V. Simmons ◽  
Dean Neu
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Disclosure Quality ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Environmental Disclosures ◽  
Disclosure Responses

In this study we consider how a discrediting event such as an environmental fine influences the quality of environmental disclosures in subsequent annual reports. Starting from prior work in the areas of impression management along with environmental and social responsibility disclosures, we propose that environmental disclosures provide organizations with a method of “managing” such discrediting events. Using a matched-pair sample of publicly traded Canadian companies that have been subject to environmental fines and those that have not; we analyze changes in pre-fine and post-fine environmental disclosure quality. After controlling for firm-specific characteristics, the provided results are consistent with this explanation.

Determinants of audit fees in quoted financial and non-financial firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Wasiu Ajani Musa ◽  
Ramat Titilayo Salman ◽  
Ibrahim Olayiwola Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Lagrangian Multiplier ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Lm Test

Regulators have ensured the compulsory disclosure of audit fees in the financial statement to overcome abnormal fees and instill credibility in the financial report since audit pricing is contingent upon audit quality. However, discrepancies between audit fee dimensions are evidenced in the abnormal audit fees, resulting in accounting scandals. Hence, this study assessed the determinants of audit fees in quoted financial and non-financial firms by building a model underpinned by agency theory (Mitnick, 2006) and economic theory of product differentiation (Beath & Katsoulacos, 1991). Secondary data were utilized from companies’ annual reports between 2009 and 2018 using the purposive sampling technique. Furthermore, Breusch-Pagan Lagrangian multiplier (LM) test and the Hausman test indicated the consistency of the models. The static panel regression estimations showed that auditee size, risk, auditor size, reputation, engagement lag, and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implementation significantly affect audit fees in both sectors. This study concluded that the three dimensions largely determine audit fees. This study instructively proposed that assurance clients should devise an outline of guidelines and practices to guide activities in the sectors by monitoring the variables that impact audit fees

IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Feryal Zafar ◽  
Shaheera Munir ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The study attempts to figure out the relationship between the performance of the firms and corporate governance in Pakistan. Governance mechanisms used in this study are CEO duality, Independence of Board, Size of Board, and Ownership Concentration. While, the ROA and ROE have been used as dependent variables to measure the performance of firms. Using regression analysis technique on 10 listed firms trading over four years from 2014-2017, the results have been derived. The data regarding all the variables have been collected from all the companies’ annual reports. The discoveries of the study direct that fundamentals of corporate governance such as the Size of the Board, Ownership, and Duality Concentration of CEO have negative effects on performance of organization, as measured by ROA and ROE. While Board independence positively affects the performance of firms. The results are thus significant and provide valuable information for the decision makers about the research issues under consideration.

scholarly journals Visual trends in the annual report: the case of Ericsson 1947-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emelie Havemo
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visual Research ◽  
Visual Research Methods ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Reporting Practice

PurposeDisclosure research has argued that visuals are increasingly used in annual reports as a way to increase readability of the annual report, but comparatively little is known about of diagrams compared to graphs and photographs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical account of visuals use in corporate disclosure, with an emphasis on diagrams, to show changes from the 1940s until present-day reporting.Design/methodology/approachVisual research methods were applied to analyze how diagrams, photographs and graphs were used in 69 annual reports of the Swedish telecom company Ericsson.FindingsPhotographs have been used with increasing frequency since the 1950s. Graph and diagram use has increased significantly since the 1990s while photograph use remained stable, suggesting that graphs and diagrams increasingly complement photographs for visually representing the organization in corporate disclosure. Factors explaining the case company’s development include both internal (performance, individual preferences, shifting from a manufacturing-based strategy to a service-based strategy) and external (legislation, transformation of the telecom industry).Originality/valueVisual elements in annual reports are increasingly oriented toward immaterial representations of the organization’s standings and identity and diagrams are increasingly used and contribute to this. This finding motivates further research about diagram use in corporate communication, such as how different diagram types convey accounting messages, and whether diagrams serve as impression management devices. For regulators, it will be important to follow the emerging trend of diagram use, since it is becoming part of reporting practice.

scholarly journals Analisis Representasi Gender Dalam Laporan Tahunan Bank Pembangunan Daerah Di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3236-3254
Author(s):  
Putri Oktalia ◽  
Herlina Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Regional Development Bank

This study aims to provide analysis and understanding of gender representation in the annual report of the Regional Development Bank (BPD) in Indonesia. The objects of this research are PT Bank Aceh and PT Bank DKI Jakarta. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with secondary data types obtained from the Annual Report of PT Bank Aceh and Bank DKI. Data collection is done by documentation techniques by collecting photographs of humans in the company's annual report. The analytical method used is content analysis. The steps of this research are: 1) identifying photos of people in the annual report, 2) grouping photos by employees or non-employees, only men, only women, or men and women together, 3) overview of the quantity of photos by group, 4) interpret the results of research found in the annual report. The results showed that gender portrayals in the BPD Aceh and DKI Jakarta annual reports did not support equality between men and women. Employee photos in the annual report are dominated by male gender compared to female. Through analysis of gender photographs described in the annual report it was found that male gender dominates in terms of roles, places, clothing and body language. But in the analysis of the relative position, men and women are shown standing or sitting equally.

scholarly journals Performance of Firm and Board Attributes Nexus: Using Hausman Test Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Adegbola Otekunrin ◽  
Tony Nwanji ◽  
Damilola Fagboro ◽  
Johnson Olowookere ◽  
Stella Ibitoye
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Hausman Test ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Consumer Services

With the rise of corporate failures and the conflict of interest arising from shareholders and the management, there have been growing concerns in corporate governance (CG). It is there is ponsibility of the board of director in CG is to oversee the management as well as the firm performance and to make the management accountable to shareholders. Hence this research examines the connection between firms’ performance and board features using board size, board independence in addition to board age as a proxy for board characteristics and turnover as a proxy for firm performance. A sample size of 16 consumer goods firms out of a population of 20 consumer goods firms listed in the NSE from 2016 to 2019 was used using a judgmental sampling technique. Secondary data employed was taken out from the sampled firms’ annual reports. Hausman test analysis was used to select the appropriate regression model, which is the fixed effect regression model that was utilized to analyse the connection between firms’ performance in addition to board characteristics. It is found that firm performance and board independence of the consumer services goods companies in Nigeria are significantly related.The results also confirmed that firm performance and board size of the consumer services goods companies in Nigeria are significantly related. The result indicates firm performance and board education of the consumer services goods companies in Nigeria are not significantly related. Consequently, overall lthe study concluded that firms’ performance and board characteristics are related. Also, board characteristics increase board performance which will lead to increase in firms’ performances, there by maximizing profit and ensuring efficiency. The study concluded that a company with good board characteristics would help to ensure the maximization of both the shareholders and stakeholders wealth. Hence a proper board characteristic helps to solve the problem of both agency theory and stakeholders’ theory.

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