scholarly journals Could Air Quality Get Better during Epidemic Prevention and Control in China? An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Xinghua Zhao ◽  
Zheng Cheng ◽  
Chen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The Public

Though many scholars and practitioners are paying more attention to the health and life of the public after the COVID-19 outbreak, extant literature has so far failed to explore the variation of ambient air quality during this pandemic. The current study attempts to fill the gap by disentangling the causal effects of epidemic prevention on air quality in China, measured by the individual pollutant dimensionless index, from other confounding factors. Using the fixed effects model, this article finds that five air indicators, PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2, significantly improved during the shutdown period, with NO2 showing the most improvement. On the contrary, O3 shows an inverse pattern, that is, O3 gets worse unexpectedly. The positive impact of epidemic prevention on air quality, especially in terms of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, become manifest five days after the resumption of labor, indicated by the result of a regression discontinuity design. These findings are still robust and consistent after the dataset of 2019 as a counterfactual sample is utilized. The findings of this paper make contributions to both environmental governance and pandemic prevention, with relevant guidelines regarding the health and life of the public and governmental behavioral management strategies discussed.

The Role of Market-Share Management Strategies in Explaining the Stocks Performance Variance of a Number of Industrial Companies- An Analytical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Qusay Abbood ◽  
Mustafa Muneer Isma'eel
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Research Period

The study aims to know the nature of the expected relationship between market share management strategies and the variation in the performance of the shares of a number of Iraqi industrial companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. For the period (2005-2018) in the light of both the monthly closing prices and sales volume during the research period, the (Panel Data) method was relied on through a stylistic test (fixed effects model and random effects model), and the results determined the need to adopt the fixed effects model method for sample data and test Assumptions, the results showed the positive impact of market share according to its strategies on the performance of stocks according to its studied indicators (Treynor index and Sharpe index), and the results of the study also showed that the variation in managing market share strategies leads to affecting the performance of stocks and in terms of both return and risk.

The Study of the Factors Affecting Urban Residential Land Price

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2854-2858
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sheng Hua Jia ◽  
Yan Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

In this paper, we use the 2005-2010 data of 35 large and medium cities in China to establish a panel model, and fixed effects model is used to estimate the factors that affect the price of urban residential land. The empirical results show that urban infrastructure, the level of economic development, the living standards of residents and the size of the population have a significant positive impact on urban residential land price.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Inbound Tourism in China: An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxin Dong ◽  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
Yat Wong
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Impact

Prior studies have suggested the existence of a reverse causality relationship between air quality and tourism development: while air quality influences tourism, dynamic segments of the tourism industry (e.g., cruising, airline, foodservice) have impacts on air quality. This reverse causality hinders a precise estimate on the effect of air pollution on tourism development within a conventional econometric framework, since the variable of air pollution is endogenous. This study estimates the impact of air pollution on the inbound tourism industry in China, by controlling for endogeneity based on a regression discontinuity design (RDD). The estimate is derived from a quasi-experiment generated by China’s Huai River Policy, which subsidizes coal for winter heating in northern Chinese cities. By analyzing data from 274 Chinese cities during the period 2009–2012, it is found that air pollution significantly reduces the international inbound tourism: an increase of PM 10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 μ m) by 0.1 mg/m 3 will cause a decline in the tourism receipts-to-local gross domestic product (GDP) ratio by 0.45 percentage points. This study also highlights the importance of controlling for endogeneity, since the detrimental impact of air pollution would otherwise be considerably underestimated. This study further demonstrates that, although air pollution is positively correlated with the average expenditure of each tourist, it substantially depresses the number of inbound tourists. The results imply that air quality could potentially influence inbound tourists’ city destination choices. However, it is interesting to note that travelers in air polluted cities in China tend to spend more money.

Wages and Learning in Internal Labor Markets: Evidence From a Taiwanese Company

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Internal Labor Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Learning Speed ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThis paper analyses the personnel records of a Taiwanese auto dealer employing three distinct internal labor markets (ILMs), adding new evidence that builds upon recent empirical and theoretical works on ILMs. We show that the public learning model proposed by Farber and Gibbons (1996) is not supported in general by our data because the behaviors of empirical wage residuals covariance matrix contradict the martingale predictions derived from the their model. However, “public learning” may not be unrealistic once individual specific learning speed is introduced. Furthermore, we find that the positive effects of levels, on both salary and bonus equations, are smaller under a fixed effects model than under an OLS (combined) model. However, part of the wage variations is contributed by individual heterogeneity rather than the hierarchy itself. Evidence also shows that education plays an important role in the determination of levels.

scholarly journals Impact of contact tracing on COVID-19 mortality: An impact evaluation using surveillance data from Colombia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246987
Author(s):  
Andres I. Vecino-Ortiz ◽  
Juliana Villanueva Congote ◽  
Silvana Zapata Bedoya ◽  
Zulma M. Cucunuba
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crucial Part

Background Contact tracing is a crucial part of the public health surveillance toolkit. However, it is labor-intensive and costly to carry it out. Some countries have faced challenges implementing contact tracing, and no impact evaluations using empirical data have assessed its impact on COVID-19 mortality. This study assesses the impact of contact tracing in a middle-income country, providing data to support the expansion and optimization of contact tracing strategies to improve infection control. Methods We obtained publicly available data on all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Colombia between March 2 and June 16, 2020. (N = 54,931 cases over 135 days of observation). As suggested by WHO guidelines, we proxied contact tracing performance as the proportion of cases identified through contact tracing out of all cases identified. We calculated the daily proportion of cases identified through contact tracing across 37 geographical units (32 departments and five districts). Further, we used a sequential log-log fixed-effects model to estimate the 21-days, 28-days, 42-days, and 56-days lagged impact of the proportion of cases identified through contact tracing on daily COVID-19 mortality. Both the proportion of cases identified through contact tracing and the daily number of COVID-19 deaths are smoothed using 7-day moving averages. Models control for the prevalence of active cases, second-degree polynomials, and mobility indices. Robustness checks to include supply-side variables were performed. Results We found that a 10 percent increase in the proportion of cases identified through contact tracing is related to COVID-19 mortality reductions between 0.8% and 3.4%. Our models explain between 47%-70% of the variance in mortality. Results are robust to changes of specification and inclusion of supply-side variables. Conclusion Contact tracing is instrumental in containing infectious diseases. Its prioritization as a surveillance strategy will substantially impact reducing deaths while minimizing the impact on the fragile economic systems of lower and middle-income countries. This study provides lessons for other LMIC.

scholarly journals Long-Term Atmospheric Visibility Trends and Characteristics of 31 Provincial Capital Cities in China during 1957–2016

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicong Fu ◽  
Ziru Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Zhu ◽  
Qunyue Liu ◽  
Jinda Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Provincial Capital

Millions of pulmonary diseases, respiratory diseases, and premature deaths are caused by poor ambient air quality in developing countries, especially in China. A proven indicator of ambient air quality, atmospheric visibility (AV), has displayed continuous decline in China’s urban areas. A better understanding of the characteristics and the factors affecting AV can help the public and policy makers manage their life and work. In this study, long-term AV trends (from 1957–2016, excluding 1965–1972) and spatial characteristics of 31 provincial capital cities (PCCs) of China (excluding Taipei, Hong Kong, and Macau) were investigated. Seasonal and annual mean values of AV, percentage of ‘good’ (≥20 km) and ‘bad’ AV (<10 km), cumulative percentiles and the correlation between AV, socioeconomic factors, air pollutants and meteorological factors were analyzed in this study. Results showed that annual mean AV of the 31 PCCs in China were 14.30 km, with a declining rate of −1.07 km/decade. The AV of the 31 PCCs declined dramatically between 1973–1986, then plateaued between 1987–2006, and rebounded slightly after 2007. Correlation analysis showed that impact factors (e.g., urban size, industrial activities, residents’ activities, urban greening, air quality, and meteorological factors) contributed to the variation of AV. We also reveal that residents’ activities are the primary direct socioeconomic factors on AV. This study hopes to help the public fully understand the characteristics of AV and make recommendations about improving the air environment in China’s urban areas.

scholarly journals Fixing a Faulty Thermostat: A Replication and re-Analysis of "The Public as Thermostat” Employing a Fixed-effects Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Walter T. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The Public

In a 1995 AJPS article, Christopher Wlezien advanced the notion that the public acts in an Eastonian manner as a thermostat for shaping policy preferences. I assert Wleziens use of a GLS-ARMA approach may be a true mis-specification problem. I propose the use of a fixed-effects model. Using both the older version of MICROCRUNCH and the newer version of RATS, I test Wleziens models and his hypotheses. The results in MICROCRUNCH are somewhat different from the original, whilst the results from RATS suggest that the findings of Wlezien are not nearly as significant as assumed.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Profitability Large-Scale and Small Scale Turkish Deposit Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Kaya Pelin ◽  
Şenol Babuşçu ◽  
Adalet Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants

This paper aims to explore the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of the banks’ profitability by dividing the Turkish deposit banks into large-scale and small-scale entities. For this purpose, panel data analysis was applied using a fixed effects model, based on quarterly data for the period from March 2009 to September 2020 for 24 deposit banks. Return on assets and return on equity are used as a measure of the banks’ profitability. According to the results, the determinants of profitability differ between large-scale banks and small-scale banks. With respect to the bank-specific determinants, the findings show that the equity/assets, deposits/assets and liquidity ratio have a significant impact on the profitability of large-scale banks, whereas they have no relationship with the profitability of small-scale banks. The profitability of large-scale banks is negatively affected by their asset quality ratios. On the other hand, while the ratio of loans to total assets has no impact on the profitability of small-scale banks, the non-performing loan ratio has a positive impact. While the asset size and income-expense ratios have positive and significant impacts on the profitability of small-scale banks, they exhibit no relationship with the profitability of large-scale banks. With regard to macroeconomic indicators, small-scale banks’ profitability is negatively affected by economic growth, whilst large-scale banks are not. This study is aimed to contribute to the literature by analysing the determinants of Turkish deposit banks’ profitability under the classification of large-scale and small-scale banks.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Power and Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Mediation Effects Based on Business Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9264
Author(s):  
Tao Luo ◽  
Ruhe Xie
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Mediation Effects

Corporate environmental responsibility is an important component of corporate social responsibility. Based on data from Chinese listed companies from 2010–2018, the relationship between the two was explored using a fixed-effects model, with the supply chain net cash ratio being used as a proxy variable for supply chain power. This study found that supply chain power has a significant positive impact on the environmental responsibility of upstream suppliers and downstream customers. There is a vertical spillover effect of supply chain power on corporate environmental responsibility. A stepwise regression approach was used to investigate the mediating effect of business performance between the two, and the bootstrap method was used to test the existence of the mediating effect. Firms can use their power in the supply chain to reasonably allocate profits in the supply chain, which not only helps them to fulfil their environmental responsibility but also influences other firms in the supply chain to fulfil their environmental responsibility.

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