Topsoil Seed Bank as Feeding Ground for Farmland Birds: A Comparative Assessment in Agricultural Habitats

The topsoil seed bank was studied in four types of agricultural bird habitats: fields with cereals, maize, clover and tilled fields of a Mediterranean plain to determine the potentially richest habitat based on food supply for the wintering farmland birds. The diversity and abundance of topsoil seeds differed between seasons but did not differ significantly between habitats. The cereal habitat was the richest in food supply for the overwintering of farmland birds. The topsoil seed bank was dominated by Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus. The findings of this study provide insight for low-intensity management of higher-elevation mount agricultural areas of southern Mediterranean by preserving seed-rich habitats for farmland avifauna.

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Weed Control in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with Soil-applied Herbicides Affected by a Prolonged and Limited rainfall

Poljoprivreda ◽

10.18047/poljo.27.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Zvonko Pacanoski ◽

◽

Arben Mehmeti ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Early Spring ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Weed Species ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solanum Nigrum L

The field trials were carried out in the Bitola and Titov Veles regions during two sunflower growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to estimate a weed control in sunflower with the soil‒applied herbicides, influenced by a prolonged and limited rainfall. Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. were the most dominant weeds in both regions. The efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among the weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions, and years. The overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with weather and soil conditions. The inconsistent weather patterns between the two years of the study likely influenced the weed control. All weeds in 2018 in the Bitola region were poorly controlled (<77% and <62%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively) due to a higher amount of rainfall (57 mm) during the 10 days of the 1st decade after herbicide application. The herbicide efficacy has only produced a marginal control of weeds in 2019 in the Titov Veles region as well (<68% and <59%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively), due to the drought conditions observed in this region in early spring and in mid-spring. A PREem application followed by a heavy rainfall resulted in a sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, ranging from 9 to 28% across the PRE-em treatments seven days after emergence. The injuries by oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid-P were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). The sunflower achene yields for each treatment in both regions generally reflected an overall weed control and crop injury.

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Do Tillage Methods Affect Germination and Species Similarity of Soil Weed Seeds Bank?

Acta Technologica Agriculturae ◽

10.1515/ata-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 97-101

Author(s):

Hassan Shahgholi ◽

Hassan Makarian ◽

Behzad Shokati ◽

Ghassem Hossein Talaei ◽

Mohammad Reza Asgharipour

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Block Design ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Species Similarity ◽

Tillage Methods

AbstractCultural practices such as tillage used for crop production influence the composition of the weed seed bank in the soil. In order to investigate the effects of different tillage methods on seed bank properties, species diversity and similarity, two laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2011. Treatments included: once tillage per year (T1), twice tillage per year (T2), more than twice tillage (T3) and no tillage (T4). Laboratory results showed that the T3 and T4 treatments had the highest and the lowest observed seeds numbers, respectively. Between the laboratory observed weed seeds, the maximum weed seed numbers were Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus in the T3 treatment, while Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Cuscuta campestris had the highest seed numbers in the T2 treatment. At the greenhouse study, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Hordeum morinum in the T2 treatment were dominant species. The highest diversity was observed in the T2 treatment, and Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli were dominant species in the T2 and T3 treatments. Maximum species similarity index was achieved from the T1 and T3 treatments. Thereby this study concluded that increasing of tillage number could affect the similarity index of weed seeds and subsequently alters the weed community composition.

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Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research ◽

10.2478/v10290-012-0017-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 71-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jerzy Lisek

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Central Poland ◽

Time Period ◽

Phytosociological Relevés

Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).

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Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

Научные труды по агрономии ◽

10.37574/2658-7963-2020-2-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Н. Н. Лунева

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Silene Vulgaris ◽

Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

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A comparative assessment of the effect of secretory products of neutrophils previously exposed to simulated low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of natural and anthropogenic origin on the biofilm-forming ability of microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity of persons using dental orthopedic constructions

Российский иммунологический журнал ◽

10.31857/s102872210002434-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12(21) (3) ◽

pp. 500-505

Author(s):

Yu. Shishkova ◽

◽

S. Darovskikh ◽

M. Babikova ◽

N. Vdovina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Electromagnetic Radiation ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Anthropogenic Origin ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Secretory Products

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Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Panagiotis Kanatas ◽

Ioannis Gazoulis ◽

Ilias Travlos

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Stand Density ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Irrigation is an agronomic practice of major importance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), especially in the semiarid environments of Southern Europe. Field experimentation was conducted in Western Greece (2016–2018) to evaluate the effects of irrigation timing on weed presence, alfalfa yield performance, and forage quality. In a randomized complete block design (four replications), two cultivars (“Ypati 84” and “Hyliki”) were the main plots, while three irrigation timings were the subplots (split-plot). The irrigation timings were IT-1, IT-2, and IT-3, denoting irrigation 1 week before harvest, 1 week after harvest, and 2 weeks after harvest, respectively. IT-1 reduced Solanum nigrum L. density by 54% and 79% as compared to IT-3 and IT-2, respectively. Chenopodium album L. density was the highest under IT-2. IT-3 resulted in 41% lower Amaranthus retroflexus L. density in comparison to IT-2, while the lowest values were observed under IT-1. Stand density and stems·plant−1 varied between years (p ≤ 0.05). Mass·stem−1 and alfalfa forage yield were affected by the irrigation timings (p ≤ 0.001). Total weed density and forage yield were negatively correlated in both the second (R2 = 87.013%) and the fourth (R2 = 82.691%) harvests. IT-1 and IT-3 increased forage yield, leaf per stem ratio, and crude protein as compared to IT-2. Further research is required to utilize the use of cultural practices for weed management in perennial forages under different soil and climatic conditions.

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Floristic composition and relative abundance of weeds in annual crops of Manitoba

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-117 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 831-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. G. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Wild Buckwheat ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Lamb’S Quarters

Annual surveys for weeds of fields seeded to spring wheat, barley, oats, flax, and canola in Manitoba were conducted during 1978, 1979, and 1981. Fields were surveyed during July and early August each year using a stratified random sampling procedure. Data for the crops and years were combined for analysis. The frequency, the area infested, and the density of the infestation were determined for each species. These three measures of the abundance of the weed were combined into a single synthetic value called relative abundance. Nine of the 152 species recorded by the surveyors accounted for 77% of the total relative abundance. Ranked in order by relative abundance, these species were green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), wild oats (Avena fatua L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), annual smartweed (Polygonum spp.), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Green foxtail was the predominant weed with an abundance value three times larger than wild oats or wild buckwheat. The pattern of dominance found in Manitoba fields was similar to results from comparable surveys in Saskatchewan and North Dakota. Key words: Relative abundance, weed survey, weed density, green foxtail, wild oats, wild buckwheat

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Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb437810 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hossein GHAMARI ◽

Goudarz AHMADVAND

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Growing Season ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Weed Species ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Logistic Equations ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Minimum Number

Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

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Experimentation of grapevine cultivation in organic system, on five different Romanian vineyards

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Aurora Maria Ranca ◽

Victoria Artem ◽

Ionica Dina ◽

Liliana Parcalabu ◽

Maria Iliescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Growing Season ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Annual Average ◽

Organic System ◽

Polygonum Aviculare

In five Romanian vineyards, in 2013-2014 period was experimented organic system growing on grape varieties for wine representative for each area, here are applied organic growing technology in parallel with the conventional (control). White varieties studied are: Chardonnay (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca), Sauvignon blanc and Muscat Ottonel(Tarnave), Feteasca regala (Tarnave, Bujoru and Copou-Iasi). Red varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca) and Merlot (Bujoru).Concerning evolution of main climatic factors for the years 2013-2014 it is show that the annual average air temperature increase compared with the average of the years 1991-2010; is observed an increasing in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the growing season and the value of sum of sunshine hours. The water regime was kept constant, registering values close to the annual average, both during the growing season and at entire year. The weeds spectrum is represented both by dicotyledonous as knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), Veronica (Stellaria media), news (Amaranthus retroflexus), bindweed (Convolvurus arvensis) and monocotyledonous as grass thick (Cynodon dactylon).Concerning the phytosanitary status, at Murfatlar were registered problems with oidium attack, with all main disease at Dealu Mare and with downy mildew at Bujoru. In all areas the pest has been found are: grape mouth (Lobesia botrana) and spiders (Tetranichus sp.). Schemes of treatments focused generally on substances bassed on copper and sulfur to combat diseases and for pests have been used pheromonal traps or other certified organic products.The grapes harvest was lower in organic plots with till 25%; their quality being close at both growing variants.

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