Landscape Disturbance Gradients: The Importance of the Type of Scene When Evaluating Landscape Preferences and Perceptions

Understanding of people’s landscape preferences is important for decision-making about land planning, particularly in the disturbance patterns that usually occur in rural-urban gradients. However, the use of different types of images concerning the same landscape may influence social preferences and thus perceptions of landscape management and planning decisions. We evaluated landscape preferences and perceptions in four landscapes of southern Chile. We specifically: (1) compared people’s perceptions related to living in, visiting, the scenic beauty, well-being, risks, and level of landscape disturbance; and (2) evaluated the influence of the type of scene (i.e., eye-level or aerial images) in these preferences and perceptions. Preferences and perceptions resulted to be better when using eye-level (4.0 ± 1.1) than aerial (3.7 ± 0.6) images. In general, we observed a negative association between preferences and perceptions and the landscape disturbance; however, it was consistent when using aerial images but was masked when valuing landscape through eye-level images. Implications of these results are relevant because by far, most landscape preference studies use traditional eye-level images. Different types of scenes should be considered in order to embrace the landscape preferences and perceptions of all those involved and help decision-making in landscape planning.

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Individual goals and social preferences in operational decisions

International Journal of Operations & Production Management ◽

10.1108/ijopm-11-2016-0690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 116-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nienke Hofstra ◽

Wout Dullaert ◽

Sander De Leeuw ◽

Eirini Spiliotopoulou

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Operational Planning ◽

Future Research ◽

Monetary Incentives ◽

Content Type ◽

Planning Decisions ◽

Multiple Data ◽

Human Decision ◽

Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop propositions explaining the influence of individual goals and social preferences on human decision making in transport planning. The aim is to understand which individual goals and social preferences planners pursue and how these influence planners’ decisions. Design/methodology/approach Propositions are developed based on investigation of decision making of transport planners in a Dutch logistics service provider using multiple data collection methods. Findings The study shows how decision making of transport planners is motivated by individual goals as well as social preferences for reciprocity and group identity. Research limitations/implications Further research including transaction data analysis is needed to triangulate findings and to strengthen conclusions. Propositions are developed to be tested in future research. Practical implications Results suggest that efforts to guide planners in their decision making should go beyond traditional (monetary) incentives and consider their individual goals and social preferences. Moreover, this study provides insight into why transport planners deviate from desired behaviour. Originality/value While individual decision making plays an essential role in operational planning, the factors influencing how individuals make operational planning decisions are not fully understood.

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When Helping Is Risky: The Behavioral and Neurobiological Trade-off of Social and Risk Preferences

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/09567976211015942 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095679762110159

Author(s):

Jörg Gross ◽

Nadira S. Faber ◽

Andreas Kappes ◽

Anne-Marie Nussberger ◽

Philip J. Cowen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Risk Preferences ◽

Well Being ◽

Acceptable Risk ◽

Trade Off ◽

Personal Risk ◽

The Individual ◽

Medical Volunteers ◽

The Brain

Helping other people can entail risks for the helper. For example, when treating infectious patients, medical volunteers risk their own health. In such situations, decisions to help should depend on the individual’s valuation of others’ well-being (social preferences) and the degree of personal risk the individual finds acceptable (risk preferences). We investigated how these distinct preferences are psychologically and neurobiologically integrated when helping is risky. We used incentivized decision-making tasks (Study 1; N = 292 adults) and manipulated dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain by administering methylphenidate, atomoxetine, or a placebo (Study 2; N = 154 adults). We found that social and risk preferences are independent drivers of risky helping. Methylphenidate increased risky helping by selectively altering risk preferences rather than social preferences. Atomoxetine influenced neither risk preferences nor social preferences and did not affect risky helping. This suggests that methylphenidate-altered dopamine concentrations affect helping decisions that entail a risk to the helper.

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Qualitative Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services: The Stakeholders’ Point of View in Support of Landscape Planning

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9080465 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Isabella De Meo ◽

Maria Cantiani ◽

Fabrizio Ferretti ◽

Alessandro Paletto

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Landscape Planning ◽

Landscape Management ◽

Social Needs ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Forest Landscape ◽

Management Planning ◽

Cultural Services ◽

Forest Management Planning

In the last decades, the ecosystem services (ES) concept has become one of the main challenges of study and discussion in the scientific community. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of ES is as a tool to address forest management planning on a local scale. Forest landscape management planning is the most suitable level for integrating social needs and demands in the enhancement of different forest ES. Some regions in Italy have developed forest landscape management plans taking into account the social preferences for the different ES. In this paper, we refer to five case studies in three pilot areas in Italy. A survey collected and analyzed the opinions and preferences, from 362 stakeholders, for ten ES included in three categories (provisioning, regulating and cultural services). The main aim of this study is to understand what type of variables (study area, the groups of interest and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents) most influence stakeholder preferences for ES. The results show that for the sample of stakeholders involved in the survey, the most important ES category is regulating services followed by cultural services. In addition, the results show that the group of stakeholders’ interest is the most important variable influencing their preferences for ES.

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Next steps for ecosystem service models: integrating complex interactions and beneficiaries

FACETS ◽

10.1139/facets-2020-0116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1649-1669

Author(s):

Hugo Thierry ◽

Lael Parrott ◽

Brian Robinson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Landscape Management ◽

Well Being ◽

Human Populations ◽

Sea Otter ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Human Welfare ◽

The People ◽

Management Approaches

Accounting for ecosystem services (ES)—the ways in which society and people directly benefit from ecological processes and functions—is crucial for developing sustainable landscape management approaches that consider the interrelationship between people and nature. Previous research has produced models that estimate the provision of potential ES by landscapes to help inform policy and stakeholder decision-making. However, most modelling efforts do not consider the delivery of ES to specific human populations or communities, making it difficult to evaluate any possible human welfare implications from alternative land use planning scenarios. In this paper, we first explore the recent state of science of ES modelling from the perspective of ES provision and delivery to the people that benefit from them. Second, we propose the addition of some essential aspects of complexity using the classic social–ecological system framework, crucial for developing models to inform pragmatic decision-making. Our propositions are illustrated using simplified examples inspired by sea otter conservation in the seascapes of British Columbia. Integrating these concepts in future ES models should serve as a baseline for future management approaches that more adequately capture the important implications of landscape scenarios on human well-being.

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Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning

One Ecosystem ◽

10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. e24487

Author(s):

Sara Palomo-Campesino ◽

Ignacio Palomo ◽

Javier Moreno ◽

José González

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Sierra Nevada ◽

Landscape Planning ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Well Being ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Participatory Mapping ◽

Urban Gradient ◽

The City

The application of the ecosystem services (ES) framework in landscape planning has become particularly relevant in rural-urban gradients since it allows for the integration of the complex interactions between ES supply and demand. This framework might be a powerful tool to inform landscape planning and decision-making intended to maintain the current and future flow of ES. In this study, we developed a process of participatory mapping of ES in a rural-urban gradient in southern Spain, which comprises the Sierra Nevada mountain range, the Granada valley and the city of Granada. First, we interviewed 21 key stakeholders from different professional sectors and gradient zones. These stakeholders prioritised nine ES in terms of their importance for local human well-being and their vulnerability to current drivers of change. Then, a workshop was organised in which 23 local actors shared their experience and knowledge regarding ES in the studied landscape. Sorted into five groups (composed of stakeholders with different profiles), the participants spatially mapped the most important supply and demand areas for the nine ES previously prioritised. The results show that the city of Granada has a very high demand for ES and a very low supply, while the Sierra Nevada mountain range and the valley of Granada appear to be very important ES supply areas. According to 95% of the stakeholders that attended the workshop, participatory mapping of ES is a very important (69%) or an important (26%) methodology to elicit the views and perceptions of the population, to identify the main conflicts and potential solutions for the territory and to visualise the high dependence of urban areas on the ES provided by adjacent rural areas. Our results also highlight the importance of incorporating the analysis of ES flows to inform landscape planning at the regional scale. Participatory mapping of ES can enhance decision-making regarding the maintenance of human well-being and the sustainability of social-ecological systems.

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ПСИХОТЕХНІКА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСУ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ У СИТУАЦІЇ СТРЕСУ

Psychology of Personality ◽

10.15330/ps.7.1.109-117 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Олексій Поліщук

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Time Management ◽

Well Being ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Psychological Tools ◽

Content Development ◽

Different Types ◽

Type C ◽

The Individual ◽

Time Type

У статті актуалізовано проблему підтримання здоров’я людини шляхом використання психологічного інструментарію. Особлива увага звертається на значущість даної проблематики у контексті функціонування людини у ситуації стресу. Опираючись на результати власного дослідницького пошуку, автор пропонує у якості способу підвищення ефективності життєдіяльності людини у ситуації стресу використовувати спеціальну психотехніку, побудовану на основі встановлених теоретично-емпіричних закономірностей зв’язку між типом психологічного часу людини і успішністю прийняття нею рішень у ситуації стресу. Серед базових положень даної програми виділено наступні: а) перебіг стресової ситуації залежить від оптимальності прийнятих людиною рішень; б) усі люди поділяються на п’ять груп відповідно до свого типу психологічного часу; в) люди з різними типами психологічного часу демонструють різну успішність прийняття рішень у ситуації стресу залежно від часової організації ситуації прийняття рішень; г) людина здатна довільно регулювати часову організацію ситуації прийняття рішень, що створює передумови для підвищення ефективності її функціонування в ситуації стресу. Власне учбова програма розвитку цільової навички описана згідно з етапами поступового засвоєння людьми її змісту. Дана програма буде корисною для читачів у плані розвитку індивідуальних ресурсів подолання стресу. The article draws on the issue of maintaining well-being of a person via applying psychological tools. The emphasis is made on the significance of this issue in the context of functioning in a stressful situation. Based on the results of the research, the authors suggest a specific psychological technique for increasing efficiency of performance of a person. This technique was developed through theoretical and empirical correlations between the type of psychological time perception of a person and the success rate of decisions made by the person in a situation of a stress. The basic statements of the program are as follows: a) The features of the dynamics of a stressful situation depend on the optimality of the decision made;b) All people can be divided into five groups in accordance to their psychological time type; c) Individuals with different types of psychological time demonstrate different efficiency of decision making in stressful situations depending on time management of the situation of the decision making; d) A person is capable of regulating time management of the situation of decision making, and this creates conditions to enforce their functioning efficiency in the situation of stress. The actual program for the development of the target skill is described in the article in accordance with the stages of its content development. The article will be relevant for readers in terms of development of the individual resources for overcoming stressful situations.

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The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2018_aja-18-0130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 274-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elizabeth Convery ◽

Gitte Keidser ◽

Louise Hickson ◽

Carly Meyer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Self Management ◽

Hearing Aid Benefit ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

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Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Klea Faniko ◽

Till Burckhardt ◽

Oriane Sarrasin ◽

Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽

Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Preferential Treatment ◽

Public Sector Employees ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Levels ◽

Women In Decision Making ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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