scholarly journals Oligodendroglial Heterogeneity in Neuropsychiatric Disease

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Sunniva M. K. Bøstrand ◽  
Anna Williams
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Oligodendroglia interact with neurons to support their health and maintain the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Human oligodendroglia are a highly heterogeneous population characterised by distinct developmental origins and regional differences, as well as variation in cellular states, as evidenced by recent analysis at single-nuclei resolution. Increasingly, there is evidence to suggest that the highly heterogeneous nature of oligodendroglia might underpin their role in a range of CNS disorders, including those with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Understanding the role of oligodendroglial heterogeneity in this group of disorders might pave the way for novel approaches to identify biomarkers and develop treatments.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modulating Inflammation-Associated Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity: Role of Brain Stimulation and the Blood–Brain Interface

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lenz ◽  
Amelie Eichler ◽  
Andreas Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as local or systemic infection, trauma, and stroke. In addition to neurodegeneration and cell death, alterations in physiological brain functions are often associated with neuroinflammation. Robust experimental evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines affect the ability of neurons to express plasticity. It has been well-established that inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nevertheless, diagnostic approaches and interventional strategies to restore inflammatory deficits in synaptic plasticity are limited. Here, we review recent findings on inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity and the potential role of the blood–brain interface, i.e., the blood–brain barrier, in modulating synaptic plasticity. Based on recent findings indicating that brain stimulation promotes plasticity and modulates vascular function, we argue that clinically employed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, could be used for monitoring and modulating inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Neuropharmacology of the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: possible targets for novel therapeutic approaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Scuteri ◽  
Laura Rombolà ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Shinobu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Ageing of the world population makes of dementia a challenge for health systems worldwide. The cognitive disturbance is a serious but not the only issue in dementia; behavioural and psychological syndromes known as neuropsychiatric or behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia remarkably reduce the quality of life of patients. Rising evidence is unraveling the pathophysiology of these symptoms in which all the neurotransmitter systems in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are implicated, with a pivotal role of alterations of the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Pharmacological agents for the treatment of these disorders endowed with efficacy and safety are not available yet; aromatherapy provides the best evidence in the control of agitation, the most resistant symptom. Basic research effort demonstrates that the essential oil of bergamot induces anxyolitic-like effects, devoid of sedation, typical of benzodiazepines, with noteworthy advantage for demented patients. People suffering from dementia often cannot verbalize pain, thus resulting unrelieved and contributing to agitation. Bergamot essential oil provides extensive evidence of analgesic properties independent from the route of administration. Among other mechanisms, modulation of autophagy, a process involved in neuropathic pain, seems to be implicated in the analgesic activity of bergamot essential oil. These data, together with the reported safety profile form the rational basis for bergamot as a neurotherapeutic to be trialed for the control of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Axial mesendoderm refines rostrocaudal pattern in the chick nervous system

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 2921-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Rowan ◽  
C.D. Stern ◽  
K.G. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

There has long been controversy concerning the role of the axial mesoderm in the induction and rostrocaudal patterning of the vertebrate nervous system. Here we investigate the neural inducing and regionalising properties of defined rostrocaudal regions of head process/prospective notochord in the chick embryo by juxtaposing these tissues with extraembryonic epiblast or neural plate explants. We localise neural inducing signals to the emerging head process and using a large panel of region-specific neural markers, show that different rostrocaudal levels of the head process derived from headfold stage embryos can induce discrete regions of the central nervous system. However, we also find that rostral and caudal head process do not induce expression of any of these molecular markers in explants of the neural plate. During normal development the head process emerges beneath previously induced neural plate, which we show has already acquired some rostrocaudal character. Our findings therefore indicate that discrete regions of axial mesendoderm at headfold stages are not normally responsible for the establishment of rostrocaudal pattern in the neural plate. Strikingly however, we do find that caudal head process inhibits expression of rostral genes in neural plate explants. These findings indicate that despite the ability to induce specific rostrocaudal regions of the CNS de novo, signals provided by the discrete regions of axial mesendoderm do not appear to establish regional differences, but rather refine the rostrocaudal character of overlying neuroepithelium.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Symptoms due to Thyroid Disease in a Female Adolescent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nelly Capetillo-Ventura ◽  
Inmaculada Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is involved in the production of thyroid hormone which is needed to maintain the normal functioning of various organs and systems, including the central nervous system. This study reports a case of hypothyroidism in a fifteen-year-old female adolescent who was attended for psychiatric symptoms. This case reveals the importance of evaluating thyroid function in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the subdural spaces mimicking chronic hematoma with positive FDG uptake on PET: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Kahn ◽  
Jeffrey T. Waltz ◽  
Ramin M. Eskandari ◽  
Cynthia T. Welsh ◽  
Michael U. Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

Role of a nurse in the rehabilitation of children using ReviMotion hardware and software complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
T. Shirshova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children occupy 1-2 places in the structure of functional abnormalities. Cognitive impairment without organic damage to the central nervous system is detected in 30-56% of healthy school children. Along with the increase in the incidence rate, the demand for rehabilitation systems, which allow patients to return to normal life as soon as possible and maintain the motivation for the rehabilitation process, is also growing. Adaptation of rehabilitation techniques, ease of equipment management, availability of specially trained personnel and availability of technical support for complexes becomes important.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document