scholarly journals Neuropharmacology of the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: possible targets for novel therapeutic approaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Scuteri ◽  
Laura Rombolà ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Shinobu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Ageing of the world population makes of dementia a challenge for health systems worldwide. The cognitive disturbance is a serious but not the only issue in dementia; behavioural and psychological syndromes known as neuropsychiatric or behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia remarkably reduce the quality of life of patients. Rising evidence is unraveling the pathophysiology of these symptoms in which all the neurotransmitter systems in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are implicated, with a pivotal role of alterations of the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Pharmacological agents for the treatment of these disorders endowed with efficacy and safety are not available yet; aromatherapy provides the best evidence in the control of agitation, the most resistant symptom. Basic research effort demonstrates that the essential oil of bergamot induces anxyolitic-like effects, devoid of sedation, typical of benzodiazepines, with noteworthy advantage for demented patients. People suffering from dementia often cannot verbalize pain, thus resulting unrelieved and contributing to agitation. Bergamot essential oil provides extensive evidence of analgesic properties independent from the route of administration. Among other mechanisms, modulation of autophagy, a process involved in neuropathic pain, seems to be implicated in the analgesic activity of bergamot essential oil. These data, together with the reported safety profile form the rational basis for bergamot as a neurotherapeutic to be trialed for the control of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

scholarly journals Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Scuteri ◽  
Laura Rombolà ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Shinobu Sakurada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Cognitive Disturbance

Aging of the population makes of dementia a challenge for health systems worldwide. The cognitive disturbance is a serious but not the only issue in dementia; behavioral and psychological syndromes known as neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia remarkably reduce the quality of life. The cluster of symptoms includes anxiety, depression, wandering, delusions, hallucinations, misidentifications, agitation and aggression. The pathophysiology of these symptoms implicates all the neurotransmitter systems, with a pivotal role for the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Imbalanced glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions, over-activation of the extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and alterations of the latter have been linked to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by almost the entire demented population. Drugs with efficacy and safety for prevention or long term treatment of these disorders are not available yet. Aromatherapy provides the best evidence for positive outcomes in the control of agitation, the most resistant symptom. Demented patients often cannot verbalize pain, resulting in unrelieved symptoms and contributing to agitation. Bergamot essential oil provides extensive preclinical evidence of analgesic properties. Incidentally, the essential oil of bergamot induces anxyolitic-like effects devoid of sedation, typical of benzodiazepines, with a noteworthy advantage for demented patients. These data, together with the reported safety profile, form the rational basis for bergamot as a neurotherapeutic to be trialed for the control of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modulating Inflammation-Associated Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity: Role of Brain Stimulation and the Blood–Brain Interface

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lenz ◽  
Amelie Eichler ◽  
Andreas Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as local or systemic infection, trauma, and stroke. In addition to neurodegeneration and cell death, alterations in physiological brain functions are often associated with neuroinflammation. Robust experimental evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines affect the ability of neurons to express plasticity. It has been well-established that inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nevertheless, diagnostic approaches and interventional strategies to restore inflammatory deficits in synaptic plasticity are limited. Here, we review recent findings on inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity and the potential role of the blood–brain interface, i.e., the blood–brain barrier, in modulating synaptic plasticity. Based on recent findings indicating that brain stimulation promotes plasticity and modulates vascular function, we argue that clinically employed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, could be used for monitoring and modulating inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity.

The role of pain treatment in managing the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Ballard ◽  
Jess Smith ◽  
Anne Corbett ◽  
Bettina Husebo ◽  
Dag Aarsland
Keyword(s):  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

scholarly journals Role of community pharmacists in the use of antipsychotics for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e010278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D Maidment ◽  
Lydia Aston ◽  
Andrea Hilton ◽  
Naveed Iqbal ◽  
Anne Child ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

scholarly journals Oligodendroglial Heterogeneity in Neuropsychiatric Disease

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Sunniva M. K. Bøstrand ◽  
Anna Williams
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Oligodendroglia interact with neurons to support their health and maintain the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Human oligodendroglia are a highly heterogeneous population characterised by distinct developmental origins and regional differences, as well as variation in cellular states, as evidenced by recent analysis at single-nuclei resolution. Increasingly, there is evidence to suggest that the highly heterogeneous nature of oligodendroglia might underpin their role in a range of CNS disorders, including those with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Understanding the role of oligodendroglial heterogeneity in this group of disorders might pave the way for novel approaches to identify biomarkers and develop treatments.

scholarly journals Interventions promoting family involvement with care homes following placement of a relative with dementia: A systematic review

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110465
Author(s):  
Janine K Hayward ◽  
Charlotte Gould ◽  
Emma Palluotto ◽  
Emily Kitson ◽  
Emily R Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled

There is a wealth of literature investigating the role of family involvement within care homes following placement of a relative with dementia. This review summarises how family involvement is measured and aims to address two questions: (1) which interventions concerning family involvement have been evaluated? And (2) does family involvement within care homes have a positive effect on a resident’s quality of life and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia? After searching and screening on the three major databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus for papers published between January 2005 and May 2021, 22 papers were included for synthesis and appraisal due to their relevance to family involvement interventions and or family involvement with resident outcomes. Results show that in 11 interventions designed to enhance at least one type of family involvement, most found positive changes in communication and family–staff relationships. Improvement in resident behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia was reported in two randomised controlled trials promoting partnership. Visit frequency was associated with a reduction of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia for residents with moderate dementia. Family involvement was related to positive quality of life benefits for residents. Contrasting results and methodological weaknesses in some studies made definitive conclusions difficult. Few interventions to specifically promote family involvement within care homes following placement of a relative with dementia have been evaluated. Many proposals for further research made over a decade ago by Gaugler (2005) have yet to be extensively pursued. Uncertainty remains about how best to facilitate an optimum level and type of family involvement to ensure significant quality of life and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia benefits for residents with dementia.

scholarly journals 105 - Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Novel modes of Treatment and Care Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Melanie T. Gentry ◽  
Janette Leal ◽  
Joshua Baruth ◽  
Jaclyn Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
World Population ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

As the World Population continues to expand, the number of individuals affected by Alzheimer’s Disease and other Dementias is also rapidly increasing. The number of individuals living with dementia is expected to increase to 131.5 million by 2050. (Prince et al., 2015) Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are highly prevalent, affecting up to 80% of individuals with dementia. (Garre-Olmo, Lopez-Pousa et al. 2010) BPSD has significant negative consequences for morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in those with dementia. Unfortunately, available treatments for BPSD are often limited or inconsistent in their efficacy and prone to severe adverse drug effects such as increased mortality.(Schneider, Dagerman et al. 2006) It is increasingly clear that current approaches are inadequate and novel treatments for BPSD need to be explored and researched. This symposium will draw on the available research literature as well as clinical experiences and case examples to provide up to date information on some of the newest treatment options available for BPSD. Dr. Melanie Gentry will discuss the use of telemedicine and other forms of technology to improve diagnosis and treatment of individuals with BPSD. Dr. Baruth will discuss the rapidly growing interest in the use of medical marijuana and cannabinoids in the management of BPSD. Dr. Lindsey will review the evidence for neuromodulation techniques including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Dr. Leal will review environmental and behaviorally based interventions. Garre-Olmo, J., S. Lopez-Pousa, J. Vilalta-Franch, M. de Gracia Blanco and A. B. Vilarrasa (2010). “Grouping and trajectories of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease, part I: symptom clusters.” J Alzheimers Dis 22(4): 1157-1167.

scholarly journals 202 - PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AS STRATEGIES TO MANAGE BEHAVIOURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS [supported by European Association of Geriatric Psychiatry – EAGP]

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
The Arts ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Symposium Overview ◽  
Image Position

Symposium ChairsLia Fernandes (Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal) [email protected] Mukherjee (Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry, The Royal College of Psychiatrists, United Kingdom) [email protected] Lia FernandesSymposium OverviewPresentation 1 Sujoy MukherjeeThe treatment of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: where do we stand?Presentation 2 Ana Rita FerreiraAssessing unmet needs in nursing homes: a promising way to prevent neuropsychiatric symptomsPresentation 3 Slavisa LamounierThe Arts as a medium for improving social inclusion in dementiaPresentation 4 Lídia SousaMusic-based interventions in the acute setting for patients with dementia

scholarly journals Crossing the barrier: The role of the blood–brain barrier in treating mental illness

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Chris E. Adkins ◽  
Kara R. Barber ◽  
Paul R. Lockman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
New Drug Development

To treat mental illness effectively with pharmacological agents, a drug must be able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at sufficient amounts to provide therapeutic concentrations within brain tissue at a desired target. The challenge of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a longstanding problem, which has resulted in more than 98% of CNS drugs failing to enter the clinical setting because of poor BBB penetration1. This article discusses first how the BBB generally limits drug delivery to the CNS; secondly, the role the BBB plays, if any, in limiting antidepressants access to the CNS; and, finally, general strategies to bypass the BBB in new drug development for mental illness.

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