scholarly journals Association between Visceral and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Quality in Sedentary and Physically Active Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Hélder Fonseca ◽  
Andrea Bezerra ◽  
Ana Coelho ◽  
José Alberto Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

Background: Obesity is considered protective for bone mass, but this view has been progressively challenged. Menopause is characterized by low bone mass and increased adiposity. Our aim was to determine how visceral and bone marrow adiposity change following ovariectomy (OVX), how they correlate with bone quality and if they are influenced by physical activity. Methods: Five-month-old Wistar rats were OVX or sham-operated and maintained in sedentary or physically active conditions for 9 months. Visceral and bone marrow adiposity as well as bone turnover, femur bone quality and biomechanical properties were assessed. Results: OVX resulted in higher weight, visceral and bone marrow adiposity. Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with femur Ct.Th (r = −0.63, p < 0.001), BV/TV (r = −0.67, p < 0.001), Tb.N (r = −0.69, p < 0.001) and positively with Tb.Sp (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Bone marrow adiposity also correlated with bone resorption (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), bone formation rate (r = −0.63, p < 0.01), BV/TV (r = −0.85, p < 0.001), Ct.Th (r = −0.51, p < 0.0.01), and with higher empty osteocyte lacunae (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), higher percentage of osteocytes with oxidative stress (r = 0.64, p < 0.0.01) and lower femur maximal stress (r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Physical activity correlated inversely with both visceral (r = −0.74, p < 0.01) and bone marrow adiposity (r = −0.92, p < 0.001). Conclusions: OVX increases visceral and bone marrow adiposity which are associated with inferior bone quality and biomechanical properties. Physical activity could contribute to reduce adipose tissue and thereby improve bone quality.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Biobanking of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Related Cell Types: Report of the Biobanking Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lucas ◽  
Michaela Tencerova ◽  
Benoit von der Weid ◽  
Thomas Levin Andersen ◽  
Camille Attané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Marrow Adiposity ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Different Sources

Over the last two decades, increased interest of scientists to study bone marrow adiposity (BMA) in relation to bone and adipose tissue physiology has expanded the number of publications using different sources of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). However, each source of BMAT has its limitations in the number of downstream analyses for which it can be used. Based on this increased scientific demand, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) established a Biobanking Working Group to identify the challenges of biobanking for human BMA-related samples and to develop guidelines to advance establishment of biobanks for BMA research. BMA is a young, growing field with increased interest among many diverse scientific communities. These bring new perspectives and important biological questions on how to improve and build an international community with biobank databases that can be used and shared all over the world. However, to create internationally accessible biobanks, several practical and legislative issues must be addressed to create a general ethical protocol used in all institutes, to allow for exchange of biological material internationally. In this position paper, the BMAS Biobanking Working Group describes similarities and differences of patient information (PIF) and consent forms from different institutes and addresses a possibility to create uniform documents for BMA biobanking purposes. Further, based on discussion among Working Group members, we report an overview of the current isolation protocols for human bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, formerly mesenchymal), highlighting the specific points crucial for effective isolation. Although we remain far from a unified BMAd isolation protocol and PIF, we have summarized all of these important aspects, which are needed to build a BMA biobank. In conclusion, we believe that harmonizing isolation protocols and PIF globally will help to build international collaborations and improve the quality and interpretation of BMA research outcomes.

scholarly journals Sudden decrease in physical activity evokes adipocyte hyperplasia in 70- to 77-day-old rats but not 49- to 56-day-old rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (12) ◽  
pp. R1465-R1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Company ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Ryan G. Toedebusch ◽  
Clayton L. Cruthirds ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Adipocyte Hyperplasia

The cessation of physical activity in rodents and humans initiates obesogenic mechanisms. The overall purpose of the current study was to determine how the cessation of daily physical activity in rats at 49–56 days of age and at 70–77 days of age via wheel lock (WL) affects adipose tissue characteristics. Male Wistar rats began voluntary running at 28 days old and were either killed at 49–56 days old or at 70–77 days old. Two cohorts of rats always had wheel access (RUN), a second two cohorts of rats had wheel access restricted during the last 7 days (7d-WL), and a third two cohorts of rats did not have access to a voluntary running wheel after the first 6 days of (SED). We observed more robust changes with WL in the 70- to 77-day-old rats. Compared with RUN rats, 7d-WL rats exhibited greater rates of gain in fat mass and percent body fat, increased adipocyte number, higher percentage of small adipocytes, and greater cyclin A1 mRNA in epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue. In contrast, 49- to 56-day-old rats had no change in most of the same characteristics. There was no increase in inflammatory mRNA expression in either cohort with WL. These findings suggest that adipose tissue in 70- to 77-day-old rats is more protected from WL than 49- to 56-day-old rats and responds by expansion via hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Increased Marrow Adiposity in Premenopausal Women with Idiopathic Osteoporosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 2782-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Cohen ◽  
David W. Dempster ◽  
Emily M. Stein ◽  
Thomas L. Nickolas ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Idiopathic Osteoporosis ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

Abstract Context: We have previously reported that premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis based on fractures (IOP) or idiopathic low bone mineral density (ILBMD) exhibit markedly reduced bone mass, profoundly abnormal trabecular microstructure, and significant deficits in trabecular bone stiffness. Bone remodeling was heterogeneous. Those with low bone turnover had evidence of osteoblast dysfunction and the most marked deficits in microstructure and stiffness. Objective: Because osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes derive from a common mesenchymal precursor and excess marrow fat has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone fragility in anorexia nervosa, glucocorticoid excess, and thiazolidinedione exposure, we hypothesized that marrow adiposity would be higher in affected women and inversely related to bone mass, microarchitecture, bone formation rate, and osteoblast number. Design: We analyzed tetracycline-labeled transiliac biopsy specimens in 64 premenopausal women with IOP or ILBMD and 40 controls by three-dimensional micro-computed tomography and two-dimensional quantitative histomorphometry to assess marrow adipocyte number, perimeter, and area. Results: IOP and ILBMD subjects did not differ with regard to any adipocyte parameter, and thus results were combined. Subjects had substantially higher adipocyte number (by 22%), size (by 24%), and volume (by 26%) than controls (P &lt; 0.0001 for all). Results remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, and bone volume. Controls demonstrated expected direct associations between marrow adiposity and age and inverse relationships between marrow adiposity and bone formation, volume, and microstructure measures. No such relationships were observed in the subjects. Conclusions: Higher marrow adiposity and the absence of expected relationships between marrow adiposity and bone microstructure and remodeling in women with IOP or ILBMD suggest that the relationships between fat and bone are abnormal; excess marrow fat may not arise from a switch from the osteoblast to the adipocyte lineage in this disorder. Whether excess marrow fat contributes to the pathogenesis of this disorder remains unclear.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disorders in Adolescent and Young Female Athletes: Impact on Growth, Menstrual Cycles, and Bone Mass Acquisition

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037-4050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Maïmoun ◽  
Neoklis A. Georgopoulos ◽  
Charles Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Intense Training

Context: Puberty is a crucial period of dramatic hormonal changes, accelerated growth, attainment of reproductive capacity, and acquisition of peak bone mass. Participation in recreational physical activity is widely acknowledged to provide significant health benefits in this period. Conversely, intense training imposes several constraints, such as training stress and maintenance of very low body fat to maximize performance. Adolescent female athletes are therefore at risk of overtraining and/or poor dietary intake, which may have several consequences for endocrine function. The “adaptive” changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and somatotropic axes and the secretory role of the adipose tissue are reviewed, as are their effects on growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition. Design: A systematic search on Medline between 1990 and 2013 was conducted using the following terms: “intense training,” “physical activity,” or “exercise” combined with “hormone,” “endocrine,” and “girls,” “women,” or “elite female athletes.” All articles reporting on the endocrine changes related to intense training and their potential implications for growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition were considered. Results and Conclusion: Young female athletes present a high prevalence of menstrual disorders, including delayed menarche, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea, characterized by a high degree of variability according to the type of sport. Exercise-related reproductive dysfunction may have consequences for growth velocity and peak bone mass acquisition. Recent findings highlight the endocrine role of adipose tissue and energy balance in the regulation of homeostasis and reproductive function. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby intense training affects the endocrine system may orient research to develop innovative strategies (ie, based on nutritional or pharmacological approaches and individualized modalities of training and competition) to improve the medical care of these adolescents and protect their reproductive function.

scholarly journals Sirtuin 1 deficiency decreases bone mass and increases bone marrow adiposity in a mouse model of chronic energy deficiency

Bone ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 115361
Author(s):  
Loïc Louvet ◽  
Damien Leterme ◽  
Séverine Delplace ◽  
Flore Miellot ◽  
Pierre Marchandise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

scholarly journals Vertebral Bone Marrow Fat Is independently Associated to VAT but Not to SAT: KORA FF4—Whole-Body MR Imaging in a Population-Based Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Hasic ◽  
Roberto Lorbeer ◽  
Robert C. Bertheau ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Susanne Rospleszcz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Whole Body

The objective of the current study was to assess the relationship of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) content to abdominal fat depots, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), as well as cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) beyond physical activity in a population-based cohort study undergoing whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Subjects of the Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region (KORA) FF4 study without known cardiovascular disease underwent fat fraction quantification in vertebrae (BMATL1/L2) via a 2-point T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) Dixon sequence. The same MR sequence was applied to quantify VAT and SAT volume. Subjects’ characteristics, including physical activity, were determined through standardized exams and self-assessment questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were applied. In the cohort of 378 subjects (56 ± 9.1years; 42.1% female), BMATL1/L2 was 54.3 ± 10.1%, VAT was 4.54 ± 2.71 L, and SAT was 8.10 ± 3.68 L. VAT differed significantly across BMATL1/L2 tertiles (3.60 ± 2.76 vs. 4.92 ± 2.66 vs. 5.11 ± 2.48; p < 0.001), there was no significant differences for SAT (p = 0.39). In the fully adjusted model, VAT remained positively associated with BMATL1/L2 (β = 0.53, p = 0.03). Furthermore, BMATL1/L2 was associated with age (β = 5.40 per 10-years, p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; β = 1.55 per 1%, p = 0.04), lipids (β = 0.20 per 10 mg/dL triglycerides; β = 0.40 per 10 mg/dL low-density lipoprotein (LDL); β =−3.21 lipid-lowering medication; all p < 0.05), and less physical activity (β = 3.7 “no or nearly no exercise” as compared to “≥2 h per week, regularly”, p = 0.003); gender was not significantly different (p = 0.57). In the population-based cohort, VAT but not SAT were associated with higher BMATL1/L2 independently of physical activity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Further, BMATL1/L2 increased with older age, less physical activity, higher HbA1c, and increased lipids but decreased with lipid-lowering medication.

scholarly journals A High Fat Diet Increases Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT) But Does Not Alter Trabecular or Cortical Bone Mass in C57BL/6J Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (9) ◽  
pp. 2032-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey R. Doucette ◽  
Mark C. Horowitz ◽  
Ryan Berry ◽  
Ormond A. MacDougald ◽  
Rea Anunciado-Koza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass

scholarly journals Phactr1 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass By Inhibiting Osteogenesis And Promoting Adipogenesis of BMSCs Via RhoA/ROCK2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Zhipeng Chen ◽  
Xiaoyi Mo ◽  
Shengli Zhao ◽  
Zhenxing Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Factor

Abstract Background: The imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) is involved in the occurrence and development of Osteoporosis (OP). Previous studies have indicated the potential of phosphatase and actin regulatory factor 1 (Phactr1) in regulating osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.The present study aims to investigate The Function and Mechanism of Phactr1 in regulating osteogenic and adipogenic Differentiation of BMSCs.Results: Phactr1 increased in both bone and adipose tissue of OP rats. During osteogenic differentiation , Phactr1 decreased and active RhoA, ROCK2 increased, while overexpression Phactr1 inhibits the increase of Runx2. Phactr1 increased and active RhoA decreased, ROCK2 did not changed during adipogenic differentiation, knockdown Phactr1 inhibits the increase of C/EBPα. Phactr1 and ROCK2 were combined in osteogenic differentiation, but not in adipogenic differentiation. By using KD025, the decrease of Phactr1 and the increase of Runx2 were inhibited respectively in osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, when ROCK2 was inhibited, Phactr1,C/EBPα were significantly increased in adipogenic differentiation.Conclusions: These findings indicated that Phactr1 negatively regulates bone mass by inhibiting osteogenesis and promoting adipogenesis of BMSCs by activating RhoA/ROCK2.

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