scholarly journals Migraine and Its Equivalents: What Do They Share? A Narrative Review on Common Pathophysiological Patterns

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Ilaria Frattale ◽  
Claudia Ruscitto ◽  
Laura Papetti ◽  
Fabiana Ursitti ◽  
Giorgia Sforza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
First Cause ◽  
Migraine Equivalents

Migraine is the first in order of frequency of the neurological disorders, affecting both adult and paediatric populations. It is also the first cause of primary headaches in children. Migraine equivalents are periodic disorders that can be associated with migraine or considered as prognostic features of a future migraine manifestation. Despite the mechanisms underlying migraine and its equivalents are not entirely clear, several elements support the hypothesis of common pathophysiological patterns shared by these conditions. The aim of this review is thus to analyze the literature in order to highlight which currently known mechanisms may be common between migraine and its equivalents.

Neurology and neurosurgery

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Neurological Patient ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Spinal Cord Disorders

Chapter 14 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to neurology and neurosurgery which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. It covers the approach to the neurological Patient, neurological examination, neurological investigations, coma, acquired brain injury, encephalopathies, alcohol and the nervous system, brainstem disorders, common cranial nerve disorders, migraine, other primary headaches, secondary headache, neuro-ophthalmology, vertigo and hearing loss, seizures and epilepsy, intracranial pressure, stroke, central nervous system infections, neuro-oncology, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, other movement disorders, spinal cord disorders (myelopathy), spinal nerve root disorders (radiculopathies), motor neurone disease, peripheral nerve disorders, mitochondrial disease and channelopathies, neuromuscular junction and muscle Disorders, sleep disorders, neurological disorders in pregnancy, the neurology of HIV infection, and functional neurology.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052096930
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Jingjing Yu ◽  
Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Prognostic Features

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) is defined as the extension of cancer cells beyond the basement membrane into adjacent tissue with no focus larger than 1 mm or a maximum diameter of less than 1 mm for multiple invasive foci. DCIS-MI constitutes approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases and 5% to 10% of cases of DCIS. The current literature is controversial concerning the clinical prognostic features and management of DCIS-MI. This narrative review described recently reported literature regarding the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DCIS-MI.

scholarly journals Burden of adult neurological diseases in Odeda Area, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000062
Author(s):  
Folajimi Morenikeji Otubogun ◽  
Rufus Akinyemi ◽  
Sola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

BackgroundFew population-based studies have been conducted to determine the burden of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. A better understanding of the magnitude and impact of these disorders is pivotal to effective planning and provision of neurological services.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 2392 adults in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria was conducted between May and June 2015. Trained non-medical interviewers administered a screening instrument designed to measure the prevalence of neurological diseases and disability, while positive responders were subsequently examined by neurologists. Diagnoses were made clinically according to well-established criteria.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 37.2±16.1 years. A total of 842 cases of neurological diseases/disability were diagnosed in 815 individuals (26 individuals with more than one disorder). The all-cause neurological morbidity rate was 352 per 1000, while the crude prevalence rates of common neurological disorders were 304.3 per 1000 for primary headaches, 16.3 per 1000 for tropical ataxic neuropathy, 7.11 per 1000 for stroke, 5.85 per 1000 for essential tremor and 4.18 per 1000 for Parkinson’s disease. Neurological years lost due to disability was 2806.18 per 100 000.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of a high neurological disease burden within the communities surveyed, which may be representative of Southwest Nigeria. In comparison with findings from previous studies within the same region, this report suggests a persistence of toxiconutritional disorders and postinfectious neurological sequelae on one hand and increased prevalence of non-communicable neurological disorders such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals The Interplay Between Neuroinfections, the Immune System and Neurological Disorders: A Focus on Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Ngarka ◽  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
Esraa Aly ◽  
Willias Masocha ◽  
Alfred K. Njamnshi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Motor Neuron Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence

Neurological disorders related to neuroinfections are highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), constituting a major cause of disability and economic burden for patients and society. These include epilepsy, dementia, motor neuron diseases, headache disorders, sleep disorders, and peripheral neuropathy. The highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in SSA. Consequently, there is a high prevalence of neurological disorders associated with HIV infection such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, motor disorders, chronic headaches, and peripheral neuropathy in the region. The pathogenesis of these neurological disorders involves the direct role of the virus, some antiretroviral treatments, and the dysregulated immune system. Furthermore, the high prevalence of epilepsy in SSA (mainly due to perinatal causes) is exacerbated by infections such as toxoplasmosis, neurocysticercosis, onchocerciasis, malaria, bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis, and the immune reactions they elicit. Sleep disorders are another common problem in the region and have been associated with infectious diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis and HIV and involve the activation of the immune system. While most headache disorders are due to benign primary headaches, some secondary headaches are caused by infections (meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess). HIV and neurosyphilis, both common in SSA, can trigger long-standing immune activation in the central nervous system (CNS) potentially resulting in dementia. Despite the progress achieved in preventing diseases from the poliovirus and retroviruses, these microbes may cause motor neuron diseases in SSA. The immune mechanisms involved in these neurological disorders include increased cytokine levels, immune cells infiltration into the CNS, and autoantibodies. This review focuses on the major neurological disorders relevant to Africa and neuroinfections highly prevalent in SSA, describes the interplay between neuroinfections, immune system, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders, and how understanding this can be exploited for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for improved patient care.

Some Results in Patients with Stroke Ischemic Tried with Ozone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez Sánchez LA
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
First Cause

Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are the first cause of admission for neurological disorders in Cuba. Objectives: To determine some results in patients with Ischemic cerebrovascular disease treated with ozone. Methodology: A prospective descriptive investigation was carried out in the General Hospital of Morón "Roberto Rodríguez Fernández", in the period between September 2019 and the same date in 2020. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study, of which only 10% presented some type of adverse reaction during the treatment and 91.1% of them reported feeling improved at the end of the ozone therapy. Conclusions: Ozone therapy proved to be safe and widely accepted by patients.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

Abstract #255: Glimepiride – Bench to Bedside: Narrative Review of the Technological Advancement Update

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Altamash Shaikh ◽  
Anuj Maheshwari ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Ashok Jhingan ◽  
Shriram Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Technological Advancement

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

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