n-i-p Nanocrystalline Hydrogenated Silicon Solar Cells with RF-Magnetron Sputtered Absorbers

Nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon (nc-Si:H) substrate configuration n-i-p solar cells have been fabricated on soda lime glass substrates with active absorber layers prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The cells with nanocrystalline PECVD absorbers and an untextured back reflector serve as a baseline for comparison and have power conversion efficiency near 6%. By comparison, cells with sputtered absorbers achieved efficiencies of about 1%. Simulations of external quantum efficiency (EQE) are compared to experimental EQE to determine a carrier collection probability gradient with depth for the device with the sputtered i-layer absorber. This incomplete collection of carriers generated in the absorber is most pronounced in material near the n/i interface and is attributed to breaking vacuum between deposition of layers for the sputtered absorbers, possible low electronic quality of the nc-Si:H sputtered absorber, and damage at the n/i interface by over-deposition of the sputtered i-layer during device fabrication.

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Development of high-efficiency tandem silicon solar cells on W-textured Zinc oxide-coated soda-lime glass substrates

2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference ◽

10.1109/pvsc.2012.6318219 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuki Moriya ◽

Taweewat Krajangsang ◽

Porponth Sichanugrist ◽

Makoto Konagai

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Glass Substrates

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Analysis of Cu(InGa)Se2 Alloy Film Optical Properties and the Effect of Cu Off-Stoichiometry

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-865-f1.4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 865 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. D. Paulson ◽

S. H. Stephens ◽

W. N. Shafarman

Keyword(s):

Optical Constants ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Alloy Film ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Phases

AbstractVariable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to characterize Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films as a function of relative Ga content and to study the effects of Cu off-stoichiometry. Uniform Cu(InGa)Se2 films were deposited on Mo-coated soda lime glass substrates by elemental evaporation with a wide range of relative Cu and Ga concentrations. Optical constants of Cu(InGa)Se2 were determined over the energy range of 0.75–C4.6 eV for films with 0 ≤ Ga/(In+Ga) ≤ 1 and used to determine electronic transition energies. Further, the changes in the optical constants and electronic transitions as a function of Cu off-stoichiometry were determined in Cu-In-Ga-Se films with Cu atomic concentration varying from 10 to 25 % and Ga/(In+Ga) = 0.3. Films with Cu in the range 16–24 % are expected to contain 2 phases so an effective medium approximation is used to model the data. This enables the relative volume fractions of the two phases, and hence composition, to be determined. Two distinctive features are observed in the optical spectra as the Cu concentration decreases. First, the fundamental bandgaps are shifted to higher energies. Second, the critical point features at higher energies become broader suggesting degradation of the crystalline quality of the material.

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High-efficiency CdS/CdTe solar cells on commercial SnO2:F coated soda-lime glass substrates

2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) PART 2 ◽

10.1109/pvsc-vol2.2013.7179248 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naba R. Paudel ◽

Yanfa Yan

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Cdte Solar Cells

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The Effect of Sputtering Parameters on the Film Properties of Molybdenum Back Contact for CIGS Solar Cells

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2013/390824 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Peng-cheng Huang ◽

Chia-ho Huang ◽

Mao-yong Lin ◽

Chia-ying Chou ◽

Chun-yao Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Structural Features ◽

Main Peak ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Adhesive Tape ◽

Back Contact ◽

Working Pressure ◽

Glass Substrates

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as a back contact for CIGS-based solar cells. This paper determines the optimal settings for the sputtering parameters for an Mo thin film prepared on soda lime glass substrates, using direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering, with a metal Mo target, in an argon gas environment. A Taguchi method with an L9orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and an analysis of variances is used to determine the performance characteristics of the coating operation. The main sputtering parameters, such as working pressure (mTorr), dc power (W), and substrate temperature (°C), are optimized with respect to the structural features, surface morphology, and electrical properties of the Mo films. An adhesive tape test is performed on each film to determine the adhesion strength of the films. The experimental results show that the working pressure has the dominant effect on electrical resistivity and reflectance. The intensity of the main peak (110) for the Mo film increases and the full width at half maximum decreases gradually as the sputtering power is increased. Additionally, the application of an Mo bilayer demonstrates good adherence and low resistivity.

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Adhesion Improvement and Characterization of Magnetron Sputter Deposited Bilayer Molybdenum Thin Films for Rear Contact Application in CIGS Solar Cells

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2016/2124087 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Weimin Li ◽

Xia Yan ◽

Armin G. Aberle ◽

Selvaraj Venkataraj

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Surface Oxidation ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Individual Layer ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Cigs Solar Cells

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as rear electrodes in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells. The challenge in Mo deposition by magnetron sputtering lies in simultaneously achieving good adhesion to the substrates while retaining the electrical and optical properties. Bilayer Mo films, comprising five different thickness ratios of a high pressure (HP) deposited bottom layer and a low pressure (LP) deposited top layer, were deposited on 40 cm × 30 cm soda-lime glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. We focus on understanding the effects of the individual layer properties on the resulting bilayer Mo films, such as microstructure, surface morphology, and surface oxidation. We show that the thickness of the bottom HP Mo layer plays a major role in determining the micromechanical and physical properties of the bilayer Mo stack. Our studies reveal that a thicker HP Mo bottom layer not only improves the adhesion of the bilayer Mo, but also helps to improve the film crystallinity along the preferred [110] direction. However, the surface roughness and the porosity of the bilayer Mo films are found to increase with increasing bottom layer thickness, which leads to lower optical reflectance and a higher probability for oxidation at the Mo surface.

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GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE GLASS SUBSTRATE FOR FLAT PANEL DISPLAY APPLICATIONS

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979202010713 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (06n07) ◽

pp. 979-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JAEMYUNG KIM ◽

KWANGSOO NO

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Current Density ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Emission Current Density ◽

Emission Current ◽

Soda Lime Glass ◽

Flat Panel Display ◽

Large Area ◽

Glass Substrates

We have grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the soda-lime glass substrates using chemical vapor deposition of C 2 H 2 gas at 550°C. We used electro-plated Ni thin film as a catalyst and screen-printed Ag thick film as a cathode. The turn-on field was about 2.55 V /μ m with an emission current density of 10 μ A / cm 2, and electric field was about 4.0 V /μ m with an emission current density of 3 mA/cm2. Fowler-Nordheim plot shows good linear fit, indicating that the emission current of CNTs follows the Fowler-Nordheim behavior. This process is suitable for mass production of CNT field emission display(CNT-FED), because of its merits; low temperature (≤ 550° C ) process, easiness of CNT patterning, non-vacuum process, large area uniformity.

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