scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Au, ZnO and AZO Seed Layers on the Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Justeau ◽  
Taoufik Slimani Tlemcani ◽  
Guylaine Poulin-Vittrant ◽  
Kevin Nadaud ◽  
Daniel Alquier
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Parylene C ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Seed Layers

In this study, different seed layers like gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) have been associated to ZnO nanowires (NWs) for the development of mechanical energy harvesters. ZnO NWs were grown by using a low temperature hydrothermal method. The morphological properties were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the analysis of crystalline quality and growth orientation was studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The obtained ZnO NWs are found to be highly dense, uniformly distributed and vertically well aligned on the ZnO and AZO seed layers, while ZnO NWs grown on Au possess a low density and follow a non-uniform distribution. Moreover, the NWs exhibited good crystal quality over the seed layers. The piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) consists of ZnO NWs grown on the three different seed layers, parylene-C matrix, Ti/Al top electrode and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) encapsulated polymer composite. The measurements of the open circuit voltage (VOC) were around 272 mV, 36 mV for ZnO, AZO seed layers while the PENG including Au seed layer presented a short-circuited state. This study is an important step in order to investigate the effect of different seed layers influencing the magnitude of the generated electrical performances under identical growth and measurement conditions. It will also help identify the most suitable seed layers for energy harvesting devices and their future integration in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Studies on the electrostatic effects of stretched PVDF films and nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Lin ◽  
Yuqiong Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Meining Zhang ◽  
Dalong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

AbstractThe electroactive β-phase in Poly (vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) is the most desirable conformation due to its highest pyro- and piezoelectric properties, which make it feasible to be used as flexible sensors, wearable electronics, and energy harvesters etc. In this study, we successfully developed a method to obtain high-content β-phase PVDF films and nanofiber meshes by mechanical stretching and electric spinning. The phase transition process and pyro- and piezoelectric effects of stretched films and nanofiber meshes were characterized by monitoring the polarized light microscopy (PLM) images, outputting currents and open-circuit voltages respectively, which were proved to be closely related to stretching ratio (λ) and concentrations. This study could expand a new route for the easy fabrication and wide application of PVDF films or fibers in wearable electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting devices.

Porous, Multi-layered Piezoelectric Composites Based on Highly Oriented Pzt/pvdf Electrospinning Fibers for High-performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxin Du ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Liqin Yao ◽  
Qilong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Piezoelectric Composites ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Piezoelectric Fiber

Abstract Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) that can harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment have broad prospects for multi-functional applications. Here, multi-layered piezoelectric composites with a porous structure based on highly oriented PZT/PVDF electrospinning fibers are prepared via a laminating method to construct high-performance PENGs. PZT particles as piezoelectric reinforcing phases are embedded in PVDF fibers and facilitate the formation of polar β phase in PVDF. The multi-layered, porous structure effectively promotes the overall polarization and surface bound charge density, resulting in highly efficient electromechanical conversion. The PENG based on 10 wt.% PZT/PVDF composite fibers with a 220 µm film thickness output an optimal voltage of 62.0 V and a power of 136.9 μW, which is 3.4 and 6.5 times the voltage and power of 10wt.% PZT/PVDF casting film-based PENG, respectively. Importantly, the PENG shows a high sensitivity of 12.4 VN-1, presenting a significant advantage in comparison to PENGs with other porous structures. In addition, the composites show excellent flexibility with a Young’s modulus of 227.2 MPa and an elongation of 262.3%. This work shows great potential application of piezoelectric fiber composites in flexible energy harvesting devices.

Microfluidic Synthesis of Polymer Ionic Liquid Gel Beads for Energy Harvesting Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik A. Kudtarkar ◽  
Thomas W. Smith ◽  
Patricia Iglesias ◽  
Michael J. Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

In the operation of many common devices and processes, more than 60% of consumed energy is wasted in many common processes. These loses come in many forms including heat, friction, and vibration. Energy harvesters are devices that can recapture some of this waste energy and convert it into electrical energy. This work will focus on electrostatic energy harvesting devices that recapture vibrational energy. Electrostatic energy harvesters recapture mechanical energy when a conductive mass translates or deforms in an electric field. Polymer ionic liquid gel beads may serve as a useful replacement for fluid droplets in electrostatic energy harvesters. This work uses a recently developed method for reliable synthesis of polymer gel beads. These beads are synthesized using a micro-reactor, which generates monomeric droplets in a silicon oil carrier fluid. The monomer solution also contains a photoinitiator and cross linker, which enables the monomer to polymerize when exposed to UV light. The present work demonstrates a method to rapidly synthesize uniform beads with a variety of chemical compositions. These chemical compositions can be used to tune the electromechanical properties of the beads to improve performance in applications such as energy harvesting devices.

scholarly journals Flexible Sandwich Piezoelectric Nanogenerators based ZnO Nanorods for Mechanical Energy Harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raad S Sabry ◽  
Ruaa Saadi Kammel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Walking Motion ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

We present a flexible sandwich piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) device with gold-coated ZnO nanorods (Au@ ZNRs) as an efficient top electrode; this device was used to harvest energy from the human walking motion. ZNRs were synthesised on the two-piece of ZnO seed layer coated gold/flexible polyethylene terephthalate (Au/PET) substrates through a simple hydrothermal method of low temperature and low cost at molar concentration (0.01M). X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the as-grown ZNRs have high crystallinity and apparent vertical growth with hexagonal shapes, the average diameter of NRs is 120 nm. Flexible sandwich PENGs based ZNRs was fabricated with gold-coated one piece of ZNRs by DC-sputtering method as an efficient top electrode, which was placed on the uncoated ZNRs as-grown on another piece of substrate. The maximum output potential voltage (Vmax) under a periodic of pressing and releasing of human walking is 5.76 V. The results confirmed the top efficient electrode has created more contact area with uncoated NR when it is pressed, which increases the transfer efficiency effectively of piezoelectric potential that generated from uncoated ZNRs.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Enhanced Coupled-Field Model for PZT Cantilever Bimorph Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Keith A. Williams ◽  
Zhengchao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Coupled Field

The power source with the limited life span has motivated the development of the energy harvesters that can scavenge the ambient environment energy and convert it into the electrical energy. With the coupled field characteristics of structure to electricity, piezoelectric energy harvesters are under consideration as a means of converting the mechanical energy to the electrical energy, with the goal of realizing completely self-powered sensor systems. In this paper, two previous models in the literatures for predicting the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of a piezoelectric cantilever bimorph (PCB) energy harvester are first described, that is, the mechanical equivalent spring mass-damper model and the electrical equivalent circuit model. Then, the development of an enhanced coupled field model for the PCB energy harvester based on another previous model in the literature using a conservation of energy method is presented. Further, the laboratory experiments are carried out to evaluate the enhanced coupled field model and the other two previous models in the literatures. The comparison results show that the enhanced coupled field model can better predict the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of the PCB energy harvester with a proof mass bonded at the free end of the structure in order to increase the energy-harvesting level of the system.

scholarly journals Porous, multi-layered piezoelectric composites based on highly oriented PZT/PVDF electrospinning fibers for high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Xiangxin Du ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Liqin Yao ◽  
Qilong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Piezoelectric Composites ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Piezoelectric Fiber

AbstractPiezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) that can harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment have broad prospects for multi-functional applications. Here, multi-layered piezoelectric composites with a porous structure based on highly oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/PVDF (PZT/PVDF) electrospinning fibers are prepared via a laminating method to construct high-performance PENGs. PZT particles as piezoelectric reinforcing phases are embedded in PVDF fibers and facilitate the formation of polar β phase in PVDF. The multi-layered, porous structure effectively promotes the overall polarization and surface bound charge density, resulting in a highly efficient electromechanical conversion. The PENG based on 10 wt% PZT/PVDF composite fibers with a 220 µm film thickness outputs an optimal voltage of 62.0 V and a power of 136.9 µW, which are 3.4 and 6.5 times those of 10 wt% PZT/PVDF casting film-based PENG, respectively. Importantly, the PENG shows a high sensitivity of 12.4 V·N−1, presenting a significant advantage in comparison to PENGs with other porous structures. In addition, the composites show excellent flexibility with a Young’s modulus of 227.2 MPa and an elongation of 262.3%. This study shows a great potential application of piezoelectric fiber composites in flexible energy harvesting devices.

Piezoelectricity and Flexoelectricity from an Energy Harvesting Perspective: Nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hwae HWANG
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

Energy harvesting is the process by which energy can be obtained from external sources and used for wearable electronics and wireless sensor networks. Piezoelectric nanogenerators are energy harvesting devices that convert mechanical energy into electric energy by using nanostructured materials. This article summarizes work to date on piezoelectric nanogenerators, starting with the basic theory of piezo- and flexo-electricity and moving through reports on nanogenerators using nanostructures, flexible substrates and alternative materials. A sufficient power generated from nanogenerators suggests feasible applications for either power sources or strain sensors of highly integrated nanodevices. Further improvements in nanogenerators holds promise for the development of self-powered implantable and wearable electronics.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

scholarly journals Self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system with triboelectric nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Ryu ◽  
Hyun-moon Park ◽  
Moo-Kang Kim ◽  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Hyoun Seok Myoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters

AbstractSelf-powered implantable devices have the potential to extend device operation time inside the body and reduce the necessity for high-risk repeated surgery. Without the technological innovation of in vivo energy harvesters driven by biomechanical energy, energy harvesters are insufficient and inconvenient to power titanium-packaged implantable medical devices. Here, we report on a commercial coin battery-sized high-performance inertia-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (I-TENG) based on body motion and gravity. We demonstrate that the enclosed five-stacked I-TENG converts mechanical energy into electricity at 4.9 μW/cm3 (root-mean-square output). In a preclinical test, we show that the device successfully harvests energy using real-time output voltage data monitored via Bluetooth and demonstrate the ability to charge a lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, we successfully integrate a cardiac pacemaker with the I-TENG, and confirm the ventricle pacing and sensing operation mode of the self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system. This proof-of-concept device may lead to the development of new self-rechargeable implantable medical devices.

scholarly journals Tantalum doped SiO2-CaO-P2O5 based bioactive glasses: Investigation of in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Zakaria Tabia ◽  
Sihame Akhtach ◽  
Khalil El Mabrouk ◽  
Meriame Bricha ◽  
Khalid Nouneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscopy

AbstractMultifunctionality can be achieved for bioactive glasses by endowing them with multiple other properties along with bioactivity. One way to address this topic is by doping these glasses with therapeutic metallic ions. In this work, we put under investigation a series of bioactive glasses doped with tantalum. We aim to study the effect of tantalum, on the structure, bioactivity and antibacterial property of a ternary bioactive glass composition based on SiO2-CaO-P2O5. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Scanning Microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the structural and morphological properties of these glasses and monitor their changes after in vitro acellular bioactivity test. Antibacterial activity was tested against gram positive and negative bacteria. Characterization results confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate crystallites along with the amorphous silica matrix. The assessment of bioactivity in SBF indicated that all compositions showed a fast bioactive response after only six hours of immersion period. However, analytical characterization revealed that tantalum introduced a slight latency in hydroxyapatite deposition at higher concentrations (0.8-1 %mol). Antibacterial test showed that tantalum ions had an inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. This effect was more pronounced in compositions where mol% of tantalum is superior to 0.4%. These results proved that tantalum could be used, in intermediate proportions, as a promising multifunctional dopant element in bioactive glasses for bone regeneration applications.

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