scholarly journals Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riming Tan ◽  
Jifeng Xu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhun Liu ◽  
Zhidong Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The effect of matrix cracking on the delamination morphology inside carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates during low-velocity impact (LVI) is an open question. In this paper, the relationship between matrix cracking and delamination is studied by using cross-ply laminates. Several methods, including micrograph, C-scan, and visual inspection, were adopted to characterize the damage after LVI experiments. Based on the experimental results, finite element (FE) models were established to analyze the damage mechanisms. The matrix cracking was predicted by the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the Puck criteria, while the delamination was modeled by cohesive elements. It was revealed that the matrix crack in the bottom ply not only promoted the outward propagation of delamination but also contributed to the narrow delamination beneath the impact location. Multiple matrix cracks occurred in the middle ply. The ones close to the plate center initiated the delamination and prevented large-scale delamination beneath the impact location. For the cracks that were far away, no significant effect on delamination was found. In conclusion, the stress redistribution caused by the crack opening determines the delamination.

Research on Low Velocity Impact Damage of Laminated Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Shu Chang Long ◽  
Ze Jin Li ◽  
Gang Kuang ◽  
Yan Bin He ◽  
Xiao Hu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Cracking Zone ◽  
The Impact

Damage caused by low-velocity-impact in laminated composite will significantly reduce the strength of the structure. A new numerical model is proposed for the research on the impact induced damage of laminated composite. Multiple forms of damage within and between layers are considered in this model. The cohesive contact technology is used to simulate the bonding properties between layers. The model can describe the information of delamination more accurately and efficiently. Then, a study is carried out to investigate the relationship of delamination and matrix cracking caused by low-velocity-impact. The result reveals that the area and axis of the delamination zone is affected by the direction of the matrix cracking zone.

Low-velocity impact properties and finite element analysis of syntactic foam reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (16) ◽  
pp. 1938-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhi ◽  
Hairu Long ◽  
Fengxin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Spacer Fabric ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research was to investigate the low-velocity impact properties of syntactic foam reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabric (SF-WKSF). In order to discuss the effect of warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) and hollow glass microballoon parameters on the impact performance of composites, eight different kinds of SF-WKSF samples were fabricated, including different WKSF surface layer structures, different spacer yarn diameters and inclination-angles, different microballoon types and contents. The low-velocity impact tests were carried out on an INSTRON 9250 HV drop-weight impact tester and the impact resistances of SF-WKSF were analyzed; it is indicated that most SF-WKSF specimens show higher peak impact force and major damage energy compared to neat syntactic foam. The results also demonstrate that the surface layer structure, inclination-angle of the spacer yarn and the volume fraction and type of microballoon have a significant influence on the low-impact performance of SF-WKSF. In addition, a finite element analysis finished with ANSYS/LS-DYNA and LS-PrePost was used to simulate the impact behaviors of SF-WKSF. The results of the finite element analysis are in agreement with the experimental results.

Simulation of Low Velocity Impact Test on Carbon/Epoxy Composite Plates

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 523-526
Author(s):  
Ziamah B. Buang ◽  
S.M. Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Velocity Impact

Composite materials that have low weight and high strength properties are currently one of the promising materials for a vehicle’s body. However, the effect of low velocity impact on composite may cause failure through matrix cracking, fibre breakage and delamination which may reduce the structure strength. Low velocity impact can be analysed either by experimentation or numerical simulation. Numerical simulation which is also known as finite element analysis can show the degradation of the composite structure properties after an impact loading condition without doing any experimentation. Thus, in this paper, LS-DYNA is the finite element analysis software that is used to simulate a low velocity impact on composite structures.

A damage mechanics model for low-velocity impact damage analysis of composite laminates

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (1238) ◽  
pp. 515-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Li ◽  
P.H. Chen ◽  
Q. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Fracture Plane ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTA method was developed to predict numerically the damage of composite laminates with multiple plies under low-velocity impact loading. The Puck criterion for 3D stress states was adopted to model the intralaminar damage including matrix cracking and fibre breakage, and to obtain the orientation of the fracture plane due to matrix failure. According to interlaminar delamination mechanism, a new delamination criterion was proposed. The influence of transverse and through-thickness normal stress, interlaminar shear stress and damage conditions of adjacent plies on delamination was considered. In order to predict the impact-induced damage of composite laminates with more plies quickly and efficiently, an approach, which can predict the specific damage of several plies in a single solid element, was proposed by interpolation on the strains of element integration points. Moreover, the proposed model can predict specific failure modes. A good agreement between the predicted delamination shapes and sizes and the experimental results shows correctness of the developed numerical method for predicting low-velocity impact damage on composite laminates.

Acoustic Emission Analysis of Composite Laminates under Low Velocity Impact

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Xiao Yan Tong ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Lei Jiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

One of the problems preventing the industrial application of composites is the lack of an efficient method to detect and discriminate among types of damage occurring during service. To solve this problem, low velocity impact experiments are carried out on T300/QY8911 composite laminates. And synchronously, the acoustic emission (AE) technique and impact monitoring systems were used to record the AE signals and the impact force. The damage evolution, damage modes and acoustic emission (AE) activity were easily detected and evaluated by the analysis of both AE waveform and impact load. In this way, the damage development process containing matrix cracking, delamination and fibers breakage is investigated. The energy release of damage are theoretically approximated and correlated with the AE energy. By the theory, the “high energy damage zone” is defined in the scatter diagrams of amplitude-frequency. It is easily to prove that the primary damage mode of “high energy damage zone” is delamination.

scholarly journals Simulation of Low Velocity Impact on Composite Hemispherical Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
Parnia Zakikhani ◽  
R. Zahari ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Hemispherical Shell ◽  
The Impact

Impact simulation with finite element analysis is an appropriate manner to reduce the cost and time taken to carry out an experimental testing on a component. In this study, the impact behavior of the composite hemispherical shell induced by low velocity impact is simulated in ABAQUS software with finite element method. To predict the responses of Kevlar fabric/polyester, glass fabric/polyester and carbon fabric/polyester in the form of a hemisphere, once as one layer and then as a three-layered composite under applied force by an anvil. The sequences of layers are changed, to investigate and compare the occurred alternations in the amount of energy absorption, impact force and specific energy absorption (SEA). The comparison of results showed that the highest and the lowest quantity of energy absorption and SEA belong to Carbon/Glass/Kevlar (CGK) and Kevlar/Carbon/Glass (KCG) respectively.

scholarly journals Delamination of impacted composite structures by cohesive zone interface elements and tiebreak contact

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Dogan ◽  
Homayoun Hadavinia ◽  
Todor Donchev ◽  
Prasannakumar Bhonge
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Cohesive Interface ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaximising impact protection of fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) laminated composite structures and predicting and preventing the negative effects of impact on these structures are paramount design criteria for ground and space vehicles. In this paper the low velocity impact response of these structures will be investigated. The current work is based on the application of explicit finite element software for modelling the behaviour of laminated composite plates under low velocity impact loading and it explores the impact, post impact and failure of these structures. Three models, namely thick shell elements with cohesive interface, solid elements with cohesive interface, and thin shell elements with tiebreak contact, were all developed in the explicit nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA. The FEA results in terms of force and energy are validated with experimental studies in the literature. The numerical results are utilized in providing guidelines for modelling and impact simulation of FRP laminated composites, and recommendations are provided in terms of modelling and simulation parameters such as element size, number of shell sub-laminates, and contact stiffness scale factors.

Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of Impact Loading on the Response of Metallic Trapezoidal Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifu Yang ◽  
Yuansheng Cheng ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
The Impact

Sandwich structures with corrugated cores have attracted a lot of interest from industrial and academic fields due to their superior crashworthiness. In this paper, the dynamic response of metallic trapezoidal corrugated core sandwich panels under low-velocity impact loading is studied by conducting drop hammer impact testing. The sandwich panels composed of two thin face skins and trapezoidal corrugated core, were designed and fabricated through folding and laser welding technology. Main attention of present study was placed at the influences of the impact energy, impactor diameter and impact location on the impact force, deformation mechanisms and the permanent deflections of the trapezoidal corrugated core sandwich panels. Results revealed that the impact energy has significant effects on the dynamic response of the sandwich panel, whereas the impact diameter has little effects on it. The deformation mode of the front face sheet differs sharply when the impact location is different. The middle unit cell of corrugated core is compressed to the “M” shape under different low-velocity impact loading.

scholarly journals Effect of Weaving Type on Damage Behaviour of Carbon/Epoxy Laminate under Low Velocity Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djilali Beida Maamar ◽  
Ramdane Zenasni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Finite Element Package

The main purpose of the present investigation was to determine the damages generated by the low velocity impact by mean of the finite element method. The commercial transient finite element package LS-dyna used to model the effect of slug impactor induced damage in composite material subjected to low velocity impact. Four types of weaving were considered; serge (2/2), serge (0/30/-30/0), serge (0/45-45/0) and taffeta. The Texgen package was used to build the laminate pattern weaves. The composite material was subjected to stainless steel slug impactor in the transverse direction dropping the composite laminate at the center with a velocity about of 15m/s. The analysis was carried out using the model 001-ELASTIC for matrix, 002-ORTHOTROPIC_ELASTIC for fibersand a rigid body model MAT20 for the slug impactor. The contact automatic single surface has been used between the yarns and the automatic_surface_to_surface between the matrix and the impactor and the contact automatic_surface_to_surface_tiebreak between the matrix and yarns and the contact automatic_surface_to_surface_tiebreak between layers.The impact load, energy, displacements were reported as function of impact time. The delamination area was represented at the layer interfaces for each material.

Quasi-Static Failure Analysis of Composite Sandwich Panels

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
Ivan Yao Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Static Failure

Due to many of advantages such as lightweighted, high-bending mechanical characteristics, composite sandwich materials play an important role in today’s structural manufacturing industry. This study is to aim at the low-velocity impact responses of sandwich plates subjected to a rigid, spherical-shaped impactor. The sandwich made of PVC core material (two kinds of core with different densities) and FRP facesheets (three kinds of fibrous laminae) were investigated experimentally and numerically. Because the dynamic behaviors of specimens due to low velocity impact is nearly the same to those in static indentation, the impact failure analysis of sandwich material can be simulated statically. Beside the experiment, finite element method was employed to analyze the static failure behaviors of sandwich panels. With the maximum stress failure criterion as well as a modified stiffness degradation method coded in the finite element software, the initial failure and sequential progressive failure process can be analyzed effectively.

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