scholarly journals Automated Control of Surface Defects on Ceramic Tiles Using 3D Image Analysis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sioma
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Automatic Location ◽  
Surface Image ◽  
Tile Surface

This paper presents a method of acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images in the task of automatic location and evaluation of defects on the surface of ceramic tiles. It presents a brief description of selected defects appearing on the surface of tiles, along with the analysis of their formation. The paper includes the presentation of the method of constructing a 3D image of the tile surface using the Laser Triangulation Method (LTM), along with the surface imaging parameters employed in the research. The algorithms of three-dimensional surface image analysis of ceramic tiles used in the process of image filtering and defect identification are presented. For selected defects, the method of measuring defect parameters and the method of visualization of defects on the surface are also presented. The developed method was tested on defective products to confirm its effectiveness in the field of quick defect detection in automated control systems installed on production lines.

Shadow Stereo, Image Filtering, and Constraint Propagation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brady ◽  
Xiao-Bo Pan ◽  
Veit Schenk ◽  
Melissa Terras ◽  
Paul Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constraint Propagation ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Image Analysis ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
Stereo Algorithm ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

It is agreed that stilus tablets are very important documentary sources, however they are the most difficult to decipher. The difficulties in deciphering them is due to the rough surface of the tablets, the low brightness contrast of the incisions, the dense wood-grain lines, and the badly stained and pitted nature of the tablets. All of these posit a challenge for conventional two-dimensional (2D) image analysis. This chapter aims to provide a system that would aid the historian in interpreting stilus tablets by improving the legibility of the tablets. It provides novel ways of determining the texts incised on the tablets. One of these is the use of three-dimensional (3D) image analysis techniques. Such a technique is capable of detecting incisions, compared to the 2D image analysis, and is portable and inexpensive. Another method that can be used is the use of shadow stereo. This method employs low raking angle light close to the plane of the tablet at different elevations. The chapter also discusses the image formation process and the process of choosing elevations for each azimuth direction. The chapter also includes a discussion on realizing the shadow stereo algorithm.

Description of Ore Particles from X-Ray Microtomography (XMT) Images, Supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-Based Image Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun Furat ◽  
Thomas Leißner ◽  
Ralf Ditscherlein ◽  
Ondřej Šedivý ◽  
Matthias Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Particle Systems ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this paper, three-dimensional (3D) image data of ore particle systems is investigated. By combining X-ray microtomography with scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based image analysis, additional information about the mineralogical composition from certain planar sections can be gained. For the analysis of tomographic images of particle systems the extraction of single particles is essential. This is performed with a marker-based watershed algorithm and a post-processing step utilizing a neural network to reduce oversegmentation. The results are validated by comparing the 3D particle-wise segmentation empirically with 2D SEM images, which have been obtained with a different imaging process and segmentation algorithm. Finally, a stereological application is shown, in which planar SEM images are embedded into the tomographic 3D image. This allows the estimation of local X-ray attenuation coefficients, which are material-specific quantities, in the entire tomographic image.

scholarly journals Recognition of Wrong Sports Movements Based on Deep Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-671
Author(s):  
Haiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Image Analysis ◽  
3D Cnn

During physical education (PE), the teaching quality is severely affected by problems like nonstandard technical movements or wrong demonstrative movements. High-speed photography can capture instantaneous movements that cannot be recognized with naked eyes. Therefore, this technology has been widely used to judge the sprint movements in track and field competitions, and assess the quality of artistic gymnastics. Inspired by three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, this paper proposes a method to recognize the standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements, based on 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph theory. Firstly, a 3D posture perception strategy for demonstrative sports movements was constructed based on video sequence. Next, the authors provided the framework of the recognition system for standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. After that, a 3D CNN was stablished to distinguish between standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. The proposed method was proved effective and superior through experiments. The research results provide a good reference for the application of 3D image analysis in the recognition of other body behaviors and movements.

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

Going Beyond 3-D Imaging: Automated 3-D Montaged image Analysis of Cytological Specimens

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Badrinath Roysam ◽  
Hakan Ancin ◽  
Douglas E. Becker ◽  
Robert W. Mackin ◽  
Matthew M. Chestnut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Organization

This paper summarizes recent advances made by this group in the automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of cytological specimens that are much thicker than the depth of field, and much wider than the field of view of the microscope. The imaging of thick samples is motivated by the need to sample large volumes of tissue rapidly, make more accurate measurements than possible with 2-D sampling, and also to perform analysis in a manner that preserves the relative locations and 3-D structures of the cells. The motivation to study specimens much wider than the field of view arises when measurements and insights at the tissue, rather than the cell level are needed.The term “analysis” indicates a activities ranging from cell counting, neuron tracing, cell morphometry, measurement of tracers, through characterization of large populations of cells with regard to higher-level tissue organization by detecting patterns such as 3-D spatial clustering, the presence of subpopulations, and their relationships to each other. Of even more interest are changes in these parameters as a function of development, and as a reaction to external stimuli. There is a widespread need to measure structural changes in tissue caused by toxins, physiologic states, biochemicals, aging, development, and electrochemical or physical stimuli. These agents could affect the number of cells per unit volume of tissue, cell volume and shape, and cause structural changes in individual cells, inter-connections, or subtle changes in higher-level tissue architecture. It is important to process large intact volumes of tissue to achieve adequate sampling and sensitivity to subtle changes. It is desirable to perform such studies rapidly, with utmost automation, and at minimal cost. Automated 3-D image analysis methods offer unique advantages and opportunities, without making simplifying assumptions of tissue uniformity, unlike random sampling methods such as stereology.12 Although stereological methods are known to be statistically unbiased, they may not be statistically efficient. Another disadvantage of sampling methods is the lack of full visual confirmation - an attractive feature of image analysis based methods.

scholarly journals Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Hannah Jeckel ◽  
Eric Jelli ◽  
Praveen K. Singh ◽  
Sanika Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ—a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.

scholarly journals Topological correlators and surface defects from equivariant cohomology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Panerai ◽  
Antonio Pittelli ◽  
Konstantina Polydorou
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Equivariant Cohomology ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Star Product ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dual Quantum

Abstract We find a one-dimensional protected subsector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 matter theories on a general class of three-dimensional manifolds. By means of equivariant localization we identify a dual quantum mechanics computing BPS correlators of the original model in three dimensions. Specifically, applying the Atiyah-Bott-Berline-Vergne formula to the original action demonstrates that this localizes on a one-dimensional action with support on the fixed-point submanifold of suitable isometries. We first show that our approach reproduces previous results obtained on S3. Then, we apply it to the novel case of S2× S1 and show that the theory localizes on two noninteracting quantum mechanics with disjoint support. We prove that the BPS operators of such models are naturally associated with a noncom- mutative star product, while their correlation functions are essentially topological. Finally, we couple the three-dimensional theory to general $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (2, 2) surface defects and extend the localization computation to capture the full partition function and BPS correlators of the mixed-dimensional system.

Color Reproduction Accuracy Promotion of 3D-Printed Surfaces Based on Microscopic Image Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 2054004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Jiangping Yuan ◽  
Guangxue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Microscopic Image ◽  
Color Reproduction ◽  
Microscopic Image Analysis

Full-color three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a powerful process to manufacture intelligent customized colorful objects with improved surface qualities; however, poor surface color optimization methods are the main impeding factors for its commercialization. As such, the paper explored the correlation between microstructure and color reproduction, then an assessment and prediction method of color optimization based on microscopic image analysis was proposed. The experimental models were divided into 24-color plates and 4-color cubes printed by ProJet 860 3D printer, then impregnated according to preset parameters, at last measured by a spectrophotometer and observed using both a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the samples manifested higher saturation and smaller chromatic aberration ([Formula: see text]) after postprocessing. Moreover, the brightness of the same color surface increased with the increasing soaked surface roughness. Further, reduction in surface roughness, impregnation into surface pores, and enhancement of coating transparency effectively improved the accuracy of color reproduction, which could be verified by the measured values. Finally, the chromatic aberration caused by positioning errors on different faces of the samples was optimized, and the value of [Formula: see text] for a black cube was reduced from 8.12 to 0.82, which is undetectable to human eyes.

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