scholarly journals Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites and Hybrid Composites Containing a New Type of Bio-Polyol and Addition of Natural and Synthetic Fibers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Olszewski ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń ◽  
Łukasz Piszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
New Type ◽  
Liquefaction Process ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
The Impact

This article describes how new bio-based polyol during the liquefaction process can be obtained. Selected polyol was tested in the production of polyurethane resins. Moreover, this research describes the process of manufacturing polyurethane materials and the impact of two different types of fibers—synthetic and natural (glass and sisal fibers)—on the properties of composites. The best properties were achieved at a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a time of 6 h. The hydroxyl number of bio-based polyol was 475 mg KOH/g. Composites were obtained by hot pressing for 15 min at 100 °C and under a pressure of 10 MPa. Conducted researches show the improvement of flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, an increase of storage modulus of obtained materials, and an increase of glass transition temperature of hard segments with an increasing amount of fibers. SEM analysis determined better adhesion of sisal fiber to the matrix and presence of cracks, holes, and voids inside the structure of composites.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Wear, Hardness and Impact Behaviour of Hybrid Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 538-546
Author(s):  
Gangadhara H S
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Hybrid

Abstract: According to the environmental aspects, the combinations of natural and synthetic fibers has been used for making eco-friendly products. The present investigation has been made develop and characterize a new class of composites with a polymer called epoxy-resin as the matrix and Hemp and synthetic fibers (Carbon, E-glass, Kevlar) are the reinforcing material. These materials are fabricated using hand layup technique to frame a fallowing hybrid composite, 1) Hemp/Carbon/Epoxy 2) Hemp/E-glass/Epoxy 3) Hemp/Kevlar/epoxy composites of 3mm thickness to find the various mechanical properties (wear, hardness and impact strength) of produced samples as per ASTM Standards. For defining relative significance of measured norms pairwise comparison was done. Wear, Hardness and Impact properties are carried out. The effect of fiber loading and length on mechanical properties like wear, hardness and impact strength of composites is studied. In these fallowing conditions shows a better property. The result on this study indicated that Hemp/Kevlar/Epoxy composite shows better impact mechanical properties compare to another two hybrid composites. Hemp/E-Glass/Epoxy composite shows better wear and hardness properties compare to another two hybrid composites. Hemp/Carbon/Epoxy composite shows intermediate properties compare to Hemp/E-Glass/Epoxy and Hemp/Kevlar/Epoxy composite. Keywords: Hemp, Carbon, Glass, Kevlar, Epoxy, Wear, Hardness, Impact test

Composites from a forest biorefinery byproduct and agrofibers: Lignosulfonate-phenolic type matrices reinforced with sisal fibers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA GOMES DA SILVA ◽  
FERNANDO OLIVEIRA ◽  
ELAINE CRISTINA RAMIRES ◽  
ALAIN CASTELLAN ◽  
ELISABETE FROLLINI
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
The Impact

The replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate and formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde in the preparation of resins resulted in a new resol-type phenolic resin, sodium lignosulfonate-glutaraldehyde resin, in addition to sodium lignosulfonate-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins. These resins were then used to prepare thermosets and composites reinforced with sisal fibers. Different techniques were used to characterize raw materials and/or thermosets and composites, including inverse gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical impact and flexural tests. The substitution of phenol by sodium lignosulfonate in the formulation of the composite matrices increased the impact strength of the respective composites from approximately 400 Jm-1 to 800 J m-1 and 1000 J m-1, showing a considerable enhancement from the replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate. The wettability of the sisal fibers increased when the resins were prepared from sodium lignosulfonate, generating composites in which the adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface was stronger and favored the transference of load from the matrix to the fiber during impact. Results suggested that the composites experienced a different mechanism of load transfer from the matrix to the fiber when a bending load was applied, compared to that experienced during impact. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the thermal stability of the composites was not affected by the use of sodium lignosulfonate as a phenolic-type reagent during the preparation of the matrices.

Effect of fiber hybridization on mechanical, thermal, and water absorption behavior of HF/CF/HDPE composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110271
Author(s):  
Prashant Srivastava ◽  
Shishir Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Impact

The composite materials are present in nature since the prehistoric era. Applications of fiber-based composite materials are increasing day by day in our society to overcome the raised environmental and economic concerns. Hence, waste fiber can be utilized as the best resource to develop composites. The present study deals with the impact of hybridization on the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption behavior of hair and coir fiber-based hybrid composites. The compression molding technique was used to develop the hybrid composites with fixed fiber content (15 wt.%) and was also varied the relative weight percentage of hair and coir fibers [(100% HF), (75% HF/25% CF), (50% HF/50% CF), (25% HF/75% CF) and (100% CF)] in reinforcing phase with HDPE composites S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, respectively. The composite S2 was achieved superior mechanical attributes as compared to other hybrid/non-hybrid composites. The composite S2 was improved the tensile strength 5% and 35.2% more in comparison to composites S1 and S5, respectively. The thermal behavior (TGA, DTG, and DTA) was also influenced by the blending ratio of fibers of composites. The 5% and 50% weight losses of composite S2 were observed at higher temperature 343.8°C and 465.8°C as compare to other composites, which showed the thermal stability of composites S2. SEM analysis was used to investigate the strength of the fiber-matrix interface, which was shown a significant connection between mechanical and thermal behaviors. The crystallinity of hybrid and non-hybrid composites was examined by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer and composite S2 was achieved 326 × 10−9 m crystal size at 21.053° peak position with wavelength 1.5406 × 10−10 m for Cu. The water absorption test was used to examine the moisture resistivity of composite materials, which was helpful to increase the applications of materials in humid areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Content and Screw Speed on Mechanical Characterization of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Content ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mechanical Extraction

The present paper researches the impact of differing fiber content and speed on tensile flexural, HDT and effect properties of characteristic fiber (sisal) fortified polypropylene composites (NF). The support fiber (Sisal-Fiber) was gathered from the foliage of locally accessible tree through the procedure of water retting and mechanical extraction. Poor adhesion among fiber and matrix is regularly experienced issue in characteristic fiber-strengthened composites and to conquer this issue, physical and substance medicines were performed for surface adjustment of fibers. The expansion of compatibilizer to the matrix like, is enhanced the adhesion attributes of the fiber. The outcomes it proposes that the high level of fibers combined with a higher screw speed improves the mechanical properties of the Sisal Fiber-Polypropylene plastic composite due to a high interaction between the fiber and the matrix and an even distribution of the fiber in the matrix.

scholarly journals Properties of Fibrous Composites with Polyester: A Comparative Analysis Between Sisal Fiber and Pet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Matheus Vinicius Falcão Moreira ◽  
Lorrane Carneiro Laranjeira Silva ◽  
Joyce Batista Azevedo ◽  
Pollyana da Silva Melo Cardoso ◽  
Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
New Material ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Fiber-reinforced composites represent 75% of the application of these materials in several industrial segments. It has the purpose of improving technical characteristics and reducing environmental impact through the use of sustainable raw materials such as natural fibers and other fibers from industrial waste. In this sense, the objective of this work was to study and compare the mechanical properties of polyester composites (PL) reinforced with natural sisal fiber and residues of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) synthetic fibers. Initially, we evaluated the moisture and morphology of the fibers. The composites with PL matrix were obtained and the fiber concentration varied by 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight. In the composites, the mechanical properties under flexion and impact resistance were evaluated. We concluded that the level of reinforcement with sisal fibers did not significantly affect the mechanical properties. However, the PET fiber provided significant improvements in the properties of the composite. Thus, the composites reinforced with PET fiber residue have advantages in the development of new material with sustainable characteristics.  

Effects of Weave Type and Fiber Content on Physical Properties of Sisal Fiber/Epoxy Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri Srisuwan ◽  
Pranee Chumsamrong
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the effects of weave type and fiber content on the physical properties of woven sisal fiber/epoxy composites were investigated. Sisal fibers used in this work were obtained from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were employed. The woven sisal fibers were manufactured by hand weaving process. The fiber content in sisal fiber/epoxy composites were 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. The composites were cured at room temperatures. In order to determine mechanical properties of the composites, flexural and impact tests were applied. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of all composites were higher than those of pure epoxy resin and tended to increase with increasing fiber content. The impact strength of all composites was lower than that of pure epoxy resin. The composites containing 10 wt.% sisal fibers showed the highest impact strength. There was no definite influence of weave type on flexural properties of the composites. At 3 and 5 wt.% fiber, the composites containing plain weave fibers seemed to show a higher impact strength than the composites containing other weave types.

The Mechanical Properties of Sisal/PMMA and Sisal/Carbon/PMMA Biomedical Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Yuda Aria Binangun ◽  
Arya Putra Utama ◽  
Sudarisman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Sisal, carbon, and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) are the component materials that have been developed for the biomedical composite. However, characterization of the mechanical properties of the composites affected by some modified treatments is still opened for discussion. Sisal/poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and sisal/carbon/PMMA composites with 30% fiber content and 6 mm fiber length were manufactured using a cold press molding at room temperature for about 60 min curing time. Tensile and bending properties of the composites were investigated by the influence of alkalization, the addition of maleic-anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and hybridization of sisal and carbon fibers. The results indicated that the addition of MAPP (3, 5 and 10 wt. %) increases the tensile and flexural strengths of sisal/PMMA composites which are higher than the composites reinforced with alkali-treated and untreated sisal fibers. The addition of 5 % MAPP resulted in more effective improvement in mechanical properties compared to the effect of alkalization. However, a significant enhancement of tensile properties was shown by the hybridization effect of sisal and carbon with a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 in sisal/carbon/PMMA composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fracture surfaces confirmed the presence of a functional relationship between the high mechanical strength of the composites with excellent adhesion between sisal fiber and PMMA by introducing 5% MAPP. Relatively homogeneous fiber dispersion in the matrix either sisal fibers or mixed sisal and carbon fibers within the PMMA matrix with sisal/carbon ratio of 1:2 have also contributed to the improvement of the mechanical strength. The use of alkali-treated sisal and HNO3-treated carbon fibers had promoted a remarkable increase in tensile strength of the sisal/carbon/PMMA hybrid composites.

Microstructure and Property of the New Type White Cast Iron

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Liang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Zhen Hua ◽  
Jian Yun Zhang ◽  
Yong Jin Tang ◽  
Qing Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
New Type ◽  
Si Content ◽  
The Impact

The influences of the different Si (0.723%~4.5%) and Cr (2.0%~8.0%) contents on the microstructures and properties of Cr-Si-Mn white cast iron were investigated. It is shown that with increasing of amounts of Si and Cr elements, carbide undergoes an evident change in the morphology from the continuous net to isolated stripe and becomes clearly finer, even forms chrysanthemum-like microstructure which is usually found in high Cr white cast iron. Additionally, the amounts of the carbides increase too. The XRD analysis shows that the carbides are a mixture of Fe3C and Fe7C3 phases. Furthermore, the hardness of carbide and matrix is also found to progressively increase with increasing of amounts of Si and Cr elements. The hardness of the matrix in as-cast white cast iron is over HV400, suggesting that the matrix consists of martensite and bainite phases. The impact toughness of the samples declines evidently when Si content excesses 3.0wt%. It is also revealed that the bainite matrix in the Si-Cr white cast iron has a higher impact abrasive wear resistance than others, which is almost not dependent upon heating temperature and cooling rate. When Cr content approaches 5wt%, the impact wear resistance of the new cast iron is comparable to that of the traditional high Cr cast iron.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Banana-Pineapple Fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Jami Madhukiran ◽  
Ch. Ramabhadri Raju ◽  
S. Madhusudan ◽  
R. Umamaheswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
The Matrix

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of Banana-Pineapple natural fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. The hybrid combination of fibers with various weight fractions i.e. (40/0, 30/10, 20/20, 10/30 and 0/40) are incorporated into the epoxy LY556 and HY951and hand layup technique is used for fabrication. Initially fibers are cut to a length of 5mm and weight percentagesare determined. Banana fiber was hybridized with Pineapple fiber. While overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as 0.4Wf. Tensile, Flexural and Impact specimens are prepared according to ASTM standards. The Dog-bone shaped specimens are prepared for tensile test. Tensile testing was conducted on 5 ton universal testing machine (FIE Make). Flat bar and V-notch shaped specimens are prepared for conducting Flexural, Impact tests.The results are compared with pure Banana and pure Pineapple. Tensile, Flexural and Impact properties of Hybrid Composites are improved as compared to pure composites. The interfacial relationships between the fiber and matrix, internal cracks, fiber pullout, fiber dispersion into the matrix and the inner surfaces of the specimens are examined through SEM analysis.

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