scholarly journals Properties of Fibrous Concrete Made with Plastic Optical Fibers from E-Waste

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Suchorab ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Danuta Barnat-Hunek
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Fibrous Concrete ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

This article presents research results relating to the potential for waste utilization in the form of polymer optical fiber (POF) scraps. This material is difficult to recycle due to its diverse construction. Three different volumes of POF were used in concrete in these tests: 1%, 2%, and 3%. The experimental studies investigated the basic properties of the concrete, the elastic and dynamic moduli, as well as deformation and deflection of reinforced beams. The microstructures, including the interfacial transition zones (ITZs), were recorded and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that 180 freezing–thawing cycles reduced the concrete frost resistance containing 3% POFs by half compared to the control concrete. The resistance to salt crystallization of this concrete decreased by about 55%. POFs have significant effects on the splitting tensile and flexural strengths compared to the compressive strength. The control beams were destroyed during the four-point static bending tests at half the force applied to the beams that were reinforced with POFs.

scholarly journals Commercially available granulates PMMA and PS - potential problems with the production of polymer optical fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mateusz Łukasz Jóźwicki ◽  
Mateusz Gargol ◽  
Małgorzata Gil-Kowalczyk ◽  
Paweł Mergo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymer Optical Fibers

The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of commercially available granulates of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate) and PS (polystyrene) for the production of polymer optical fibers by extrusion method. Samples were subjected to thermal processing in various conditions (different temperatures and exposure time). Thermal (TG/DTG) and spectroscopic (ATR/FT-IR) analyses were carried out to analyze changes in the samples. Based on FT-IR analysis of liquid monomers and granulates the conversion of double bonds was calculated, which gave us a picture of the degree of monomers conversion, crucial information from the technological point of view. Full Text: PDF ReferencesO. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, POF Polymer Optical Fibersfor Data Communication (Berlin: Springer 2008). DirectLink P. Stajanca et al. "Solution-mediated cladding doping of commercial polymer optical fibers", Opt. Fiber Technol. 41, 227-234, (2018). CrossRef K. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct., 20 013002 (2011) CrossRef J. Zubia and J. Arrue, "Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications", Opt. Fiber Technol. 7 ,101-40 (2001) CrossRef M. Beckers, T. Schlüter, T. Gries, G. Seide, C.-A. Bunge, "6 - Fabrication techniques for polymer optical fibres", Polymer Optical Fibres, 187-199 (2017) CrossRef M. Niedźwiedź , M. Gil, M. Gargol , W. Podkościelny, P. Mergo, "Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 7-9 (2019) CrossRef

Signal Processing Enhanced Fiber Vibration Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Daniele Tosi ◽  
Massimo Olivero ◽  
Alberto Vallan ◽  
Guido Perrone
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Spectral Estimation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

The paper analyzes the feasibility of cost-effective fiber sensors for the measurement of small vibrations, from low to medium-high frequencies, in which the complexity of the measurement is moved from expensive optics to cheap electronics without losing too much performance thanks to signal processing algorithms. Two optical approaches are considered: Bragg gratings in standard telecom fibers, which represent the most common type of commercial fiber sensors, and specifically developed sensors made with plastic optical fibers. In both cases, to keep the overall cost low, vibrations are converted into variations of the light intensity, although this makes the received signal more sensitive to noise. Then, adaptive filters and advanced spectral estimation techniques are used to mitigate noise and improve the sensitivity. Preliminary results have demonstrated that the combined effect of these techniques can yield to a signal-to-noise improvement of about 30 dB, bringing the proposed approaches to the level of the most performing sensors for the measurement of vibrations.

scholarly journals A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Francesco Arcadio ◽  
Luigi Zeni ◽  
Aldo Minardo ◽  
Caterina Eramo ◽  
Stefania Di Di Ronza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Slab Waveguide ◽  
Grating Pattern ◽  
Transparent Substrate ◽  
Synthetic Receptor ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

In a specific biosensing application, a nanoplasmonic sensor chip has been tested by an experimental setup based on an aluminum holder and two plastic optical fibers used to illuminate and collect the transmitted light. The studied plasmonic probe is based on gold nanograting, realized on the top of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip. The PMMA substrate could be considered as a transparent substrate and, in such a way, it has been already used in previous work. Alternatively, here it is regarded as a slab waveguide. In particular, we have deposited upon the slab surface, covered with a nanograting, a synthetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin (BSA), to test the proposed biosensing approach. Exploiting this different experimental configuration, we have determined how the orientation of the nanostripes forming the grating pattern, with respect to the direction of the input light (longitudinal or orthogonal), influences the biosensing performances. For example, the best limit of detection (LOD) in the BSA detection that has been obtained is equal to 23 pM. Specifically, the longitudinal configuration is characterized by two observable plasmonic phenomena, each sensitive to a different BSA concentration range, ranging from pM to µM. This aspect plays a key role in several biochemical sensing applications, where a wide working range is required.

scholarly journals Shaping Beam Profiles Using Plastic Optical Fiber Tapers with Application to Ice Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Kostas Amoiropoulos ◽  
Georgia Kioselaki ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis ◽  
Aris Ikiades
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Laser Cooling ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Beam Profile ◽  
Hollow Beam ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

Using either bulk or fiber optics the profile of laser beams can be altered from Gaussian to top-hat or hollow beams allowing enhanced performance in applications like laser cooling, optical trapping, and fiber sensing. Here, we report a method based on multimode Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) long-tapers, to tweak the beam profile from near Gaussian to a hollow beam, by generating surface irregularities on the conical sections of the taper with a heat-and-pull technique. Furthermore, a cutback technique applied on long tapers expanded the output beam profile by more than twice the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber. The enhanced sensitivity and detection efficiency of the extended profile was tested on a fiber optical ice sensor related to aviation safety.

Polarimetry of plastic optical fibers

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseba Zubia ◽  
Gaizaka Durana ◽  
Jon Arrue ◽  
I. Garces ◽  
Manuel Lopez-Amo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

Fabrication of Lensed Plastic Optical Fiber Array Using Electrostatic Force

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Tun Tseng ◽  
Jhong-Bin Huang ◽  
Che-Hsin Lin ◽  
Chin-Lung Chen ◽  
Wood-Hi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Fiber Array ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers ◽  
Efficient Coupling

The GI (graded-index) POFs (Plastic optical fibers), which has been proven to reach distances as long as 1 km at 1.25 Gb/s has a relatively low numerical aperture . Therefore, the efficient coupling of GI POFs to the light source has become critical to the power budget in the system. Efficient coupling for a POFs system normally involves either a separate lens or the direct formation of the lens at the end of the fiber. Forming the lens-like structure directly on the fiber end is preferred for simplicity of fabrication and packaging, such as polishing and fusion, combine different fibers with the cascaded fiber method and hydroflouride (HF) chemical etching. These approaches are well established, but applicable only to glass. Optical assembly architecture for multichannel fibers and optical devices is critical to optical fiber interconnections. Multichannel fiber-pigtail laser diode (LD) modules have potential for supporting higher data throughput and longer transmission distances. However, to be of practical use, these modules must be more precise. This work proposes and manufactures lensed plastic optical fibers (LPOF) array. This novel manipulation can be utilized to fabricate an aspherical lens on a fiber array after the UV curing of the photo-sensitive polymer; the coupling efficiency (CE) is increased and exceeds 47% between the LD array and the fiber array.

Discrete Multitone Modulation for Maximizing Transmission Rate in Step-Index Plastic Optical Fibers

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1503-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.J. Lee ◽  
F. Breyer ◽  
S. Randel ◽  
R. Gaudino ◽  
G. Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Discrete Multitone ◽  
Step Index ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

scholarly journals COHERENT PROPAGATION OF LASER BEAMS IN MCF FIBERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
A.A. Balakin ◽  
S.A. Skobelev ◽  
A.V. Andrianov ◽  
E.A. Anashkina ◽  
A.G. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Self Focusing ◽  
Weakly Coupled

The successful development of fiber-optic technologies in recent decades has stimulated research on the replacement of components of solid-state laser systems with fiber components, which can drastically change the attractiveness of the corresponding applied developments. Yielding on the energy characteristics of solid-state systems, fiber lasers and nonlinear optical devices have high efficiency of conversion of pump energy to radiation energy associated with waveguide geometry, high quality of the spatial profile of the laser beam, as well as low cost, compactness, lack of alignment in work process. Note that the maximum achievable radiation power in a single fiber is limited primarily by the process of self-focusing, which leads to fiber damage. The use of a multi-core fiber (MCF), consisting of identical equidistant weakly coupled optical fibers, makes it possible to realize initially coherent propagation of laser radiation with a total power noticeably higher than it can be transmitted in a single optical fiber. However, as theoretical and experimental studies have shown, such systems have its own critical power (Balakin et al., 2016) whereby the self-focusing of the quasihomogeneous distribution of the wave field and its separation into a set of incoherent structures occurs. Therefore, we have considered a small-sized optical system of 2N identical weakly coupled optical fibers arranged in a ring (Balakin et. al., 2018). In such systems, it is possible to find stable distributions of intense wave beams, which allow coherent radiation transport over long distances. The total radiation power in the found distributions can significantly (up to 2N times) exceed the critical self-focusing power in continuous media. This manifests itself most clearly for the distribution of un ~ (-1)n with antiphase fields in neighboring waveguides, which is stable at an arbitrary wave beam power. Direct numerical simulation of a nonlinear wave equation confirms the stability of the field distributions found. The research was supported by the RAS Presidium Program «Nonlinear dynamics: fundamental problems and applications».

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