scholarly journals Microcomputed X-Ray Tomographic Imaging and Image Processing for Microstructural Characterization of Explosives

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4517
Author(s):  
John D. Yeager ◽  
Lindsey A. Kuettner ◽  
Amanda L. Duque ◽  
Larry G. Hill ◽  
Brian M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Typical Material ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Segmentation Quality ◽  
Processing Techniques

Microstructural characterization of composite high explosives (HEs) has become increasingly important over the last several decades in association with the development of high fidelity mesoscale modeling and an improved understanding of ignition and detonation processes. HE microstructure influences not only typical material properties (e.g., thermal, mechanical) but also reactive behavior (e.g., shock sensitivity, detonation wave shape). A detailed nondestructive 3D examination of the microstructure has generally been limited to custom-engineered samples or surrogates due to poor contrast between the composite constituents. Highly loaded (>90 wt%) HE composites such as plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) are especially difficult. Here, we present efforts to improve measurement quality by using single and dual-energy microcomputed X-ray tomography and state-of-the-art image processing techniques to study a broad set of HE materials. Some materials, such as PBX 9502, exhibit suitable contrast and resolution for an automatic segmentation of the HE from the polymer binder and the voids. Other composite HEs had varying levels of success in segmentation. Post-processing techniques that used commercially available algorithms to improve the segmentation quality of PBX 9501 as well as zero-density defects such as cracks and voids could be easily segmented for all samples. Aspects of the materials that lend themselves well to this type of measurement are discussed.

Study on the Die-Attach Voids Distribution With X-Ray and Image Processing Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Sesek ◽  
Olga Chambers ◽  
Janez Trontelj
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Power Transistor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Void Area ◽  
Manual Interaction ◽  
Processing Techniques

Power electronic components' reliability depends, to a great extent, on the quality of die-attach technology. The voids appearance in the die-attach regions is almost unavoidable during the manufacturing process. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that image processing tools enable fast and accurate void segmentation, while reducing manual interaction for X-ray monitoring of imperfect power transistor die soldering. The most common void parameters such as void area, void distribution, and shape roundness were extracted and used for statistical analysis.

Microstructural characterization of Y-Ba-Cu-O laser deposited with high deposition rates on SrTiO3

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
T.S. Ravi ◽  
R. Ramesh ◽  
D.M. Hwang ◽  
X.D. Wu ◽  
A. Inam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Very High

As the technique of pulsed-laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) matures, it is important to be able to have economically feasible processing conditions for future industrial applications such as microelectronics. Very high quality thin films of YBCO (with excellent Tc and Jc) have been consistently obtained for low deposition rates, such as 0.3Å/sec. However at this rate it takes at least two hours to produce a film 2000Å thick. While the quality of the film grown is of prime importance, it would be economically advantageous if the film can be grown much faster without much loss in quality. The objective of this study is to microstructurally characterize, using a combination of microdiffraction, X-ray microanalysis and HREM, thin films of YBCO prepared with higher deposition rates.

scholarly journals Analysis and automatic segmentation of images for lungs regions extraction in X-ray chest

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Joel Quintanilla-Domínguez ◽  
Juan Israel Yañez-Vargas ◽  
Miriam Butanda-Serrano ◽  
Enrique Sánchez-Torrecitas
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Segmentation Of Images ◽  
Processing Techniques

One of the main disease caused by the COVID-19 in the humans is the pneumonia. This disease mainly attacks the lungs and one of the effective methods for diagnosis is through X-ray chest analysis. Due this in this work a methodology that allow the segmentation and analysis of regions that belong to the lungs in images of X-ray chest is presented. This methodology is based mainly in the implementation of some digital image processing techniques such as: contrast enhancement, segmentation, binarization and the application of morphological operations as the erosion and dilatation.

scholarly journals A Novel Image Processing Approach to Enhancement and Compression of X-ray Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6724
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Pourasad ◽  
Fausto Cavallaro
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Use Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Approach ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Processing Techniques

At present, there is an increase in the capacity of data generated and stored in the medical area. Thus, for the efficient handling of these extensive data, the compression methods need to be re-explored by considering the algorithm’s complexity. To reduce the redundancy of the contents of the image, thus increasing the ability to store or transfer information in optimal form, an image processing approach needs to be considered. So, in this study, two compression techniques, namely lossless compression and lossy compression, were applied for image compression, which preserves the image quality. Moreover, some enhancing techniques to increase the quality of a compressed image were employed. These methods were investigated, and several comparison results are demonstrated. Finally, the performance metrics were extracted and analyzed based on state-of-the-art methods. PSNR, MSE, and SSIM are three performance metrics that were used for the sample medical images. Detailed analysis of the measurement metrics demonstrates better efficiency than the other image processing techniques. This study helps to better understand these strategies and assists researchers in selecting a more appropriate technique for a given use case.

scholarly journals Clay-Based Brick Porosity Estimation Using Image Processing Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234
Author(s):  
Safa Jida ◽  
Hassan Ouallal ◽  
Brahim Aksasse ◽  
Mohammed Ouanan ◽  
Mohamed El Amraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Porosity Estimation ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This work intends to apprehend and emphasize the contribution of image-processing techniques and computer vision in the treatment of clay-based material known in Meknes region. One of the various characteristics used to describe clay in a qualitative manner is porosity, as it is considered one of the properties that with “kill or cure” effectiveness. For this purpose, we use scanning electron microscopy images, as they are considered the most powerful tool for characterising the quality of the microscopic pore structure of porous materials. We present various existing methods of segmentation, as we are interested only in pore regions. The results show good matching between physical estimation and Voronoi diagram-based porosity estimation.

Image processing techniques used for dental x-ray image analysis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Oprea ◽  
Costin Marinescu ◽  
Ioan Lita ◽  
Mariana Jurianu ◽  
Daniel Alexandru Visan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques

Characterization of Natural and Synthesized FeTiO3 Crystals With RBS/PIXE/XRD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
Z. N. Dai ◽  
K. Narumi ◽  
A. Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Ppm Level

Natural FeTiO 3 (illuminate) and synthesized FeTiO 3, single crystals were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with channeling technique and particle-induced x-ray emission (RBS-C and PIXE). The results obtained by the ion beam analysis were supplemented by the x-ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystallographic phase. Oriented single crystals of synthesized FeTiO 3 were grown under the pressure control of CO 2 and H 2 mixture gas using a single-crystal floating zone technique. The crystal quality of synthesized FeTiO 3 single crystals could be improved by the thermal treatment but the exact pressure control is needed to avoid the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 even during the annealing procedure. Natural FeTiO 3 contains several kinds of impurities such as Mn , Mg , Na and Si . The synthesized samples contain Al , Si and Na which are around 100 ppm level as impurities. The PBS-C results of the natural sample imply that Mn impurities occupy the Fe sublattice in FeTiO 3 or in mixed phase between ilmenite and hematite.

Influence of the Residue of Casting by Lost Wax in the Modulus of Elasticity and Porosity of Concretes

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Carine F. Machado ◽  
Weber G. Moravia
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Material Powder

This work evaluated the influence of additions of the ceramic shell residue (CSR), from the industries of Lost Wax Casting, in the modulus of elasticity and porosity of concrete. The CSR was ground and underwent a physical, chemical, and microstructural characterization. It was also analyzed, the environmental risk of the residue. In the physical characterization of the residue were analyzed, the surface area, and particle size distribution. In chemical characterization, the material powder was subjected to testing of X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The residue was utilized like addition by substitution of cement in concrete in the percentages of 10% and 15% by weight of Portland cement. It was evaluated properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened state, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by total immersion and by capillarity. The results showed that the residue can be used in cement matrix and improve some properties of concrete. Thus, the CSR may contribute to improved sustainability and benefit the construction industry.

Characterization of WC-Co Coatings Using HP/HVOF Process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hwang ◽  
B.G. Seong ◽  
M.C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Abstract To maintain surface roughness of process rolls in cold rolling steel plants, WC-Co coatings have been known to be effective ones. In this study, a high pressure/high velocity oxygen fuel (HP/HVOF) process was used to obtain WC-Co coatings. To get the best quality of coatings, WC-Co coatings are sprayed with numerous powders made by various processes. These powders include agglomerated sintered powders, fused-crushed powders, extra high carbon WC-Co powders and (W2C, WC)-Co powders. After spraying, properties of coatings such as hardness, wear resistance. X-ray diffraction, and microstructures were analyzed. For coatings produced by agglomerated-sintered powders, hardness of the coating increased as power levels and the number of passes were increased. In case of the coatings produced by fused-crushed powders, a very low deposition rate was obtained due to a low flowablity of the powders. In addition, the WC-Co coatings sprayed with extra carbon content of WC-Co did not show improved hardness and wear resistance. Also, some decomposition of WC was observed in the coating. Finally, the coatings produced by (W2C, WC)-Co powders produced higher hardness and lower wear resistance coating.

scholarly journals Crystallization, optimization and preliminary X-ray characterization of a metal-dependent PI-PLC fromStreptomyces antibioticus

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Jackson ◽  
Thomas L. Selby
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hanging Drop ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Streptomyces Antibioticus ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Hanging Drop Method

A recombinant metal-dependent phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) fromStreptomyces antibioticushas been crystallized by the hanging-drop method with and without heavy metals. The native crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space groupP222, with unit-cell parametersa= 41.26,b= 51.86,c = 154.78 Å. The X-ray diffraction results showed significant differences in the crystal quality of samples soaked with heavy atoms. Additionally, drop pinning, which increases the surface area of the drops, was also used to improve crystal growth and quality. The combination of heavy-metal soaks and drop pinning was found to be critical for producing high-quality crystals that diffracted to 1.23 Å resolution.

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