Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Methods and Potential Applications

Metal-organic frameworks represent a porous class of materials that are build up from metal ions or oligonuclear metallic complexes and organic ligands. They can be considered as sub-class of coordination polymers and can be extended into one-dimension, two-dimensions, and three-dimensions. Depending on the size of the pores, MOFs are divided into nanoporous, mesoporous, and macroporous items. The latter two are usually amorphous. MOFs display high porosity, a large specific surface area, and high thermal stability due to the presence of coordination bonds. The pores can incorporate neutral molecules, such as solvent molecules, anions, and cations, depending on the overall charge of the MOF, gas molecules, and biomolecules. The structural diversity of the framework and the multifunctionality of the pores render this class of materials as candidates for a plethora of environmental and biomedical applications and also as catalysts, sensors, piezo/ferroelectric, thermoelectric, and magnetic materials. In the present review, the synthetic methods reported in the literature for preparing MOFs and their derived materials, and their potential applications in environment, energy, and biomedicine are discussed.

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Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks containing linear dicarboxylates

Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science ◽

10.1107/s0108768106033283 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 808-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Samuel M. Hawxwell ◽

Harry Adams ◽

Lee Brammer

Keyword(s):

Dicarboxylic Acid ◽

Solvothermal Synthesis ◽

Interplanar Spacing ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Dicarboxylic Acids ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Secondary Building Units ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Gas Molecules ◽

Solvent Molecules

The solvothermal synthesis of four two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks containing linear dicarboxylic acids as ligands for ZnII centres is described. Zn(BDC)(DMF) [(1) where BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide] adopts a common paddlewheel motif leading to a 44 grid network, whereas Zn3(BDC)3(EtOH)2 (2), Zn3(BDC)3(H2O)2·4DMF (3) and Zn3(BPDC)3(DMF)2·4DMF (4) each form networks with the relatively uncommon 36 topology based upon Zn3(O2CR)6 secondary building units. All contain coordinated solvent molecules, namely DMF [(1) and (4)], ethanol (2) or H2O (3). Comparison of structures (2) and (3) illustrates a clay-like flexibility in interplanar spacing which sheds light on the ability of the Zn3(BDC)3 framework to undergo desolvation and uptake of small solvent and gas molecules.

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2D Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Rod-Shaped Secondary Building Units

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2955

Author(s):

Rory Elliott ◽

Aoife A. Ryan ◽

Aviral Aggarwal ◽

Nianyong Zhu ◽

Friedrich W. Steuber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photophysical Properties ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Gas Storage ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Molecular Separation ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Secondary Building Units ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Solvent Molecules

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) encompass a rapidly expanding class of materials with diverse potential applications including gas storage, molecular separation, sensing and catalysis. So-called ‘rod MOFs’, which comprise infinitely extended 1D secondary building units (SBUs), represent an underexplored subclass of MOF. Further, porphyrins are considered privileged ligands for MOF synthesis due to their tunable redox and photophysical properties. In this study, the CuII complex of 5,15-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (H2L-CuII, where H2 refers to the ligand’s carboxyl H atoms) is used to prepare two new 2D porphyrinic rod MOFs PROD-1 and PROD-2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that these frameworks feature 1D MnII- or CoII-based rod-like SBUs that are coordinated by labile solvent molecules and photoactive porphyrin moieties. Both materials were characterised using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural attributes of PROD-1 and PROD-2 render them promising materials for future photocatalytic investigations.

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Crystal Engineering and Applications of Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances ◽

10.1107/s2053273314099835 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (a1) ◽

pp. C16-C16

Author(s):

Xiao-Ming Chen

Keyword(s):

Crystal Engineering ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Porous Metal ◽

High Porosity ◽

Pore Surface ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Gas Molecules

As a new kind of molecular materials composed of metal ions (or clusters) and organic bridging ligands that are interconnected by coordination bonds, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have many useful characteristics, such as high crystallinity, high porosity, structural diversity, designable frameworks, framework flexibility, as well as unique and modifiable organic pore surface. Therefore, they exhibit very promising potential applications in molecular adsorption/separation, catalysis, and sensors, etc. For example, they can be used for selective adsorption and separation of different gas molecules, such as CO2 and N2, capture of CO2 [2], sensing of small organic molecules and gas molecules, such as O2 and CO2, as well as catalysts and devices for solid-phase microextraction. In this presentation, the design and synthesis, unique pore surface, interesting functionalities will be presented by selected examples, in particular those of metal-azolate frameworks (MAFs) and a few devices useful for practical applications, from our group [1-3]. This work was supported by MoST (973 project) and NSFC.

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A Review on Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 245-252

Author(s):

ABHINANDAN RANA

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Porous Materials ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Internal Surface ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Internal Surface Area ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Metal Organic

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are inorganic-organic hybrid porous materials that are composed of positively charged metal ions and organic linkers. The metal ions form nodes that connect the arms of the linkers together to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures. Due to this void structure, MOFs have an unusually large internal surface area. They have received enormous interest in recent years particularly as newly developed porous materials. They possess a wide range of potential applications like gas storage, catalysis, sensors, drug delivery, adsorption, etc. In present review article, synthetic methods and applications of MOFs have been discussed.

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Controlled Growth of the Non-centrosymmetric Zn(3-ptz)2 and Zn(Oh)(3-ptz) Metal-organic Frameworks

10.26434/chemrxiv.7588640.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

javier enriquez ◽

Ignacio Chi-Duran ◽

Carolina Manquian ◽

Felipe Herrera ◽

Ruben Fritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Thermal Synthesis ◽

Small Crystals ◽

Alkaline Environments ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Long Rod

Non-centrosymmetric single-crystal metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are promising candidates for phase-matched nonlinear optical communication, but typical hydrothermal synthesis produces small crystals with relatively low transmittance and poor phase matching. We study the effect of the metal-to-ligand molar ratio and reaction pH on the hydro-thermal synthesis of the non-centrosymmetric Zn(3-ptz)2 and Zn(OH)(3-ptz) MOFs with in-situ ligand formation. In acidic environments, we find that decreasing the amount of ligand below the stoichiometric molar ratio 1:2 also produces highly transparent single-crystal octahedrons of Zn(3-ptz)2. In alkaline environments, we obtain long rod-like Zn(OH)(3-ptz) crystals whose length exceeds previous reports by up to four orders of magnitude. Potential applications of these results in the development of MOF-based nonlinear optical devices are discussed.

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Synthesis, designing strategies and photocatalytic charge dynamics of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): A catalyzed Photo-degradation approach towards Organic Dyes

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/d0cy02275f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayushi Singh ◽

Ashish Kumar Singh ◽

Jian-Qiang Liu ◽

Abhinav Kumar

Keyword(s):

Small Molecule ◽

Coordination Polymers ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Gas Storage ◽

New Variety ◽

Photo Degradation ◽

Charge Dynamics ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Metal Organic

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers (CPs) are regarded as new variety of materials that find potential applications in plethora of areas such as gas/small molecule absorption/separation, gas storage, membranes...

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Metal-Organic Framework Transistors for Dopamine Sensing

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d1qm00118c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiajun Song ◽

Jianzhong Zheng ◽

Anneng Yang ◽

Hong Liu ◽

Zeyu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Transport ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

High Porosity ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Framework

Two-dimensional (2D) conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can not only inherit the high porosity and tailorability of traditional MOFs but also exhibit unique charge transport properties, offering promising opportunities for applications...

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