scholarly journals Correlation between Cutting Clearance, Deformation Texture, and Magnetic Loss Prediction in Non-Oriented Electrical Steels

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6893
Author(s):  
Ján Füzer ◽  
Samuel Dobák ◽  
Ivan Petryshynets ◽  
Peter Kollár ◽  
František Kováč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Loss Component

Manufacturing the magnetic cores in electrical machines impacts the magnetic performance of the electrical steel by inducing stresses near the cutting edge. In this paper, energy loss behaviour in non-oriented electrical steels punched with different cutting clearances before and after annealing is investigated. An experimental shear cutting tool was employed to punch the ring-shaped parts from electrical steels in a finished state with four different values of cutting clearance corresponding to 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of the sheet thickness. The effect of cutting clearance on the magnetic losses is derived and analysed by the statistical theory of losses and associated loss separation concept including the analysis of movable magnetic objects. In this framework, this paper assesses the combined effect of cutting clearance, frequency, and heat treatment on the hysteresis loops and iron losses in non-oriented FeSi electrical steels. Measurements have been performed from quasi-static to 400 Hz at peak induction Bp = 1.0 T. Both states before and after heat treatment have been considered. The excess loss is observed as the most sensitive loss component to cutting clearance and its magneto–structural correlation is quantified.

scholarly journals AC Iron Loss Prediction and Magnetic Properties of Fe–6.5 wt.%Si Ribbons Prepared by Melt-Spinning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Yongfeng Liang ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
Junpin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Iron Loss ◽  
Iron Losses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Simplified Formula

Ultra-thin Fe–6.5wt.%Si ribbons with 35 μm in thickness were prepared by melt-spinning. The magnetic properties were investigated before and after annealing 1000 ºC. DC properties and low-frequency (400 Hz ~ 10 kHz) iron losses have significantly improved after heat treatment. A simplified formula based on Steinmetz law which can be used to predict the AC iron loss is presented. According to the results of some iron losses data, a simplified formula has been determined, and the extent of AC iron losses can be predicted. The results obtained from the formula predict AC iron loss to a good degree. The method developed in this work could be extended to other magnetic materials for predicting AC iron loss with greater ease.

Coupled statistical and dynamic loss prediction of high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 10901
Author(s):  
Bram Daniels ◽  
Timo Overboom ◽  
Elena Lomonova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Hysteresis Behavior ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Steel Core

Power transformer design requires to model the loss and hysteresis behavior of the laminated steel core, constructed out of high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel. This work predicts the magnetic loss and hysteresis behavior in the rolling direction of three transformer grade steels, for magnetic flux densities up to and including 1.9 T, and frequencies up to and including 300 Hz. Material characterization parameters for the excess loss, obtained by statistical loss separation for sinusoidal concentric hysteresis loops, are applied in a hysteresis model and govern the dynamic field behavior. The modeled loss is compared and verified with measurement data obtained by an Epstein frame for each steel gauge.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

Study of fine structure of cold-deformed steel 20 before and after prerecrystallization heat treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr M. Dubovyi ◽  
Oleksandr V. Chechel ◽  
Oleksandr O. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Steel 20

Influence of the Zinc Sublayer Method Production and Heat Treatment on the Microhardness of the Composite Ni-Al2O3 Coating Deposited on the 5754 Aluminium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
M. Karaś ◽  
M. Nowak ◽  
M. Opyrchał ◽  
M. Bigaj ◽  
A. Najder
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Nickel Coating ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Al2o3 Coating ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Watts Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zinc Interlayer

Abstract In this study, the effect of zinc interlayer on the adhesion of nickel coatings reinforced with micrometric Al2O3 particles was examined. Nickel coating was applied by electroplating on EN AW - 5754 aluminium alloy using Watts bath at a concentration of 150 g/l of nickel sulphate with the addition of 50 g/l of Al2O3. The influence of zinc intermediate coating deposited in single, double and triple layers on the adhesion of nickel coating to aluminium substrate was also studied. The adhesion was measured by the thermal shock technique in accordance with PN-EN ISO 2819. The microhardness of nickel coating before and after heat treatment was additionally tested. It was observed that the number of zinc interlayers applied does not significantly affect the adhesion of nickel which is determined by thermal shock. No defect that occurs after the test, such as delamination, blistering or peeling of the coating was registered. Microhardness of the nickel coatings depends on the heat treatment and the amount of zinc in the interlayer. For both single and double zinc interlayer, the microhardness of the nickel coating containing Al2O3 particles increased after heat treatment, but decreased when a triple zinc interlayer was applied.

scholarly journals The Interface Zone of Explosively Welded Titanium/Steel after Short-Term Heat Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szmul ◽  
Katarzyna Stan-Glowinska ◽  
Marta Janusz-Skuza ◽  
Agnieszka Bigos ◽  
Andrzej Chudzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Sharp Interface ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Interface Zone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wavy Interface ◽  
The Waves

AbstractThis work presents a detailed description of a bonding zone of explosively welded Ti/steel clads subjected to stress relief annealing, applied in order to improve the plasticity of the final product. The typical joint formed by the welding process possesses a characteristic wavy interface with melted regions observed mainly at the crest regions of waves. The interface of Ti/steel clads before and after annealing was previously investigated mostly in respect to the melted regions. Here, a sharp interface between the waves was analyzed in detail. The obtained results indicate that the microstructure of a transition zone of that area is different along the width. After the heat treatment at 600 °C for 1.5 hours, titanium carbide (TiC) together with α-Fe phase forms at the interface in local areas of relatively wide interlayer (~ 1 µm), while for most of the sharp interface, a much thinner zone up to about 400 nm, formed by four sublayers containing intermetallic phase and carbides, is present. This confirms that carbon diffusion induced by applied heat treatment significantly influences the final microstructure of the Ti/steel interface zone. Side bending tests confirmed high plasticity of welds after applied heat treatment; however, the microhardness measurements indicated that the strengthening of the steel in the vicinity of the interface had not been removed completely.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by SLM

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Popovich ◽  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After

The article presents results of a study of phase composition and microstructure of initial material and samples obtained by selective laser melting of titanium-based alloy, as well as samples after heat treatment. The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens was shown. It was studied mechanical behavior of manufactured specimens before and after heat treatment at room and elevated temperatures as well. The heat treatment allows obtaining sufficient mechanical properties of material at room and elevated temperatures such as increase in ductility of material. The fractography of samples showed that they feature ductile fracture with brittle elements.

Modification of Hydrogen Zeolite with CeO2 and its Catalysis Application for Preparing Aspirin

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 884-889
Author(s):  
Zhen Tan ◽  
Hui Ying Chen ◽  
Bi Hao Lan ◽  
Xiang Wen Tong ◽  
Xiao Mei Ba
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Zeolite Framework ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Zeolite Particle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impregnation Temperature

Hydrogen zeolite was modified with CeO2 by impregnation - filtration - heat treatment. Hydrogen-zeolite samples before and after modification were characterized by XRD and SEM. The catalytic efficiency of modified hydrogen-zeolite was investigated. Such modification conditions were explored: as the CeO2 percentage, calcination temperature, calcination time, impregnation temperature. The results show that the optimal CeO2 percentage is 0.5%, calcination temperature is 600°C, calcination time is 2h, impregnation temperature is 75°C. The aspirin yield reaches 78.3% under the optimal conditions, compared with that (64.8%) catalyzed by sulfuric acid and that (70.4%) catalyzed by unmodified zeolite. XRD, SEM characterizations show that Ce ions can be doped into the zeolite framework. And the modification makes the zeolite particle size become smaller, which is reduced to 50.5nm from 56.76nm. A high efficient and eco-enviromently catalyst was got by modification.

The Phase Analysis of Panzhihua Vanadic Titanomagnetite Ore before and after Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2110-2114
Author(s):  
Shu Quan Wan ◽  
De Jun Lan ◽  
Hong Bo Han ◽  
Cai Long Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Before And After

The phases of Panzhihua vanadic titanomagnetite ore were studied by using XRF and XRD. XRF results show that the original ore mainly contain the elements, Fe, Ti, Si, Ca, Al, S, Mg, P, Mn, V and etc. XRD results show that the main substances in original ore were Fe3O4 and FeTiO3, and the minor phases cannot be clearly studied by XRD. After heat treatment for 10h at 573K in atmospheric ambient, the phases of the ore have been slightly changed. And after heat treatment for 10h at 1073K in atmospheric ambient, then cooled for 48h to room temperature, the main phases of the ore have almost been changed to Fe2O3 and Fe2TiO5.

Exoelectron emission from unexcited metallic glasses Fe78B13Si9 during heat treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Watanabe ◽  
Tadayoshi Kubozoe ◽  
Yoshikazu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Exoelectron Emission ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
High Vacuum Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum Condition

Exoelectron emission from the surface of unexcited metallic glasses Fe78B13Si9 during heat treatment has been studied under ultra high vacuum condition. In the first heating cycle, exoelectrons are emitted from the as-cast ribbon in the temperature range from approximately 423 K to 773 K (150 °C to 500 °C), although the surface of the specimen is not excited by ionizing radiation, chemical processes, or mechanical treatments prior to measurements. In the second and subsequent heating cycles, however, there is no anomalous emission observed in the same temperature range. In order to elucidate the mechanism of emission, the surface of the specimen is observed by the atomic force microscope (AFM) before and after measurements. In the AFM image, many crystallites in the amorphous matrix can be found in the surface of the heated specimen. These experimental results show that exoelectrons are emitted in the same temperature range as the early stages of crystallization on the surface of metallic glasses. We hypothesize that the two effects are correlated.

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