scholarly journals Microstructural Evolution, Hardness, and Strengthening Mechanisms in SLM AlSi10Mg Alloy Subjected to Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7598
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Anna Woźniak ◽  
Marek Pagáč
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Heat Treated

The AlSi10Mg alloy is characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, and satisfying corrosion resistance; thus, it is very often used in automotive and aerospace applications. However, the main limitation of using this alloy is its low yield strength and ductility. The equal-channel angular pressing is a processing tool that allows one to obtain ultrafine-grained or nanomaterials, with exceptional mechanical and physical properties. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the influence of the ECAP process on the structure and hardness of the AlSi10Mg alloy, obtained by the selective laser melting process. Four types of samples were examined: as-fabricated, heat-treated, and subjected to one and two ECAP passes. The microstructure analysis was performed using light and electron microscope systems (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope). To evaluate the effect of ECAP on the mechanical properties, hardness measurements were performed. We found that the samples that underwent the ECAP process were characterized by a higher hardness than the heat-treated sample. It was also found that the ECAP processing promoted the formation of structures with semicircular patterns and multiple melt pool boundaries with a mean grain size of 0.24 μm.

Mechanical Properties of Al6061 Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Sahai ◽  
Rahul Swarup Sharma ◽  
K. Hans Raj ◽  
Narinder Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Outer Corner ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Circular Specimen ◽  
Number Of Passes

The severe plastic deformation (SPD) is an effective approach for producing bulk nanostructured materials. The Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is the most efficient SPD solution for achieving ultra-fined grained (UFG) material as billet undergoes severe and large deformation. The process parameters of ECAP (Channel Angle, angle of curvature, friction, number of passes, etc) influences major impact on the properties. In present work, the ECAP process is performed by pressing a specimen through a die consisting of two intersecting channels meeting at an angle φ and outer corner meeting at an angle ψ. Experiments with a circular specimen of Al6061 were conducted to investigate the changes in mechanical properties upto 2 passes. 3-D finite element simulations were also performed using metal forming software FORGE to study the evolution of strain in the specimen during the ECAP process. Simulation results were investigated by comparing them with experimental measured data in terms of load variations. The present work clearly shows that ECAP caused accentuated increase in Al6061 hardness and tensile strength during multi-pass processing. This study is beneficial in developing high quality, high strength products in manufacturing industry on account of its ability to change microstructure of materials.

Segment Formation in the Work Pieces of ZA22 Grain Refined by Some Rare Earth Elements and Subjected to Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP, Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Adnan I.O. Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Serrated Chip ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Chip Type ◽  
Wear And Corrosion

Zinc aluminum alloys in general and ZA22 in particular are versatile materials which are widely used in the automobile, aircraft and space craft industries due to their required and attractive properties e.g. high strength-to weight-ratio, good cast ability, high wear and corrosion resistances, in addition to the advantages of low–energy and non-polluting melting. . However, against these attractive properties they have the disadvantage of forming a dendritic structure with large grain size during solidification or homogenization of their casts, which tends to reduce their surface quality, mechanical and impact strengths. Hence it is very essential to modify their structure and refine their grains. In this paper, the effect of the ECAP process on ZA22 alloy after grain refinement of its structure by titanium, titanium plus boron and molybdenum on its metallurgical and mechanical characteristics is investigated. During the investigation, a new phenomenon had occurred on the upper surface of the work pieces, (the surface in contact with the upper part of the ECAP die) similar to the serrated chip type which was first observed by Merchant in1948, This formed the main objective of this paper, in which the causes of this new phenomenon, the mechanism of its formation and how to avoid its occurrence are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Microstructural Evaluation and Corrosion Resistance of Semisolid Cast A356 Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gebril ◽  
Mohd Omar ◽  
Intan Mohamed ◽  
Norinsan Othman
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
A356 Alloy ◽  
Cooling Slope ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Cooling Slope Casting

As-cast and semisolid casting using a cooling slope A356 alloy were processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for Si and grain refinement. The ECAP was conducted at room temperature in a mold, with a channel angle of 120°, and this resulted in a significant size reduction of grain and Si particles from 170.5 and 4.22 to 23.12 and 0.71 µm, respectively, after six passes of heat-treated cooling slope casting, using the ECAP process. The hardness increased with ECAP processing, from 61 HV, for the as-cast alloy, to 134 Hv, after six passes of heat-treated cooling slope casting. The corrosion resistance of the alloy improved, from 0.042 to 0.0012 mmy−1, after the ECAP process. In this work both the strength and corrosion resistance of the ECAPed A356 alloys were improved with the application of the cooling slope process than without (i.e., from the as-cast condition).

SANDVIK Ti-3Al-2.5V GRADE 9

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
Fatigue Endurance

Abstract Sandvik Ti-3Al-2.5V Grade 9 titanium-aluminum alloy offers excellent corrosion resistance, especially to chloride media, and has a high strength-to-weight ratio, which is especially suitable for use in aerospace applications. Tubing can be produced having a CSR (contractile strain ratio) that enhances the fatigue endurance limit. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TI-109. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Processing of Copper by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) – Microstructure Investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Beata Leszczyńska-Madej ◽  
Maria W. Richert ◽  
Agnieszka Hotloś ◽  
Jacek Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Subgrain Size ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The present study attempts to apply Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) to 99.99% pure copper. ECAP process was realized at room temperature for 4, 8 and 16 passes through route BC using a die having angle of 90°. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by means both light and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally the microhardness was measured and statistical analysis of the grains and subgrains was performed. Based on Kikuchi diffraction patterns misorientation was determined. There were some different types of bands in the microstructure after deformation. The shear bands, bands and in the submicron range the microshear bands and microbands are a characteristic feature of the microstructure of copper. Also characteristic was increasing of the number of bands with increasing of deformation and mutually crossing of the bands. The intersection of a bands and microbands leads to the formation of new grains with the large misorientation angle. The measured grain/subgrain size show, that the grain size is maintained at a similar level after each stage of deformation and is equal to d = 0.25 – 0.32 μm.

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure Evolution in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy during Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 495-499
Author(s):  
Guo Cheng Ren ◽  
Xiao Juan Lin ◽  
Shu Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
3D Software

The microstructure and material properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy are very sensitive to process parameters, which directly determine the service properties. To explore and understand the deformation behavior and the optimization of the deformation process, the microstructure evolution during equal channel angular pressing was predicted by using the DEFORM-3D software package at different temperature. To verify the finite element simulation results, the microstructure across the transverse direction of the billet was measured. The results show that the effects strain and deformation temperatures on the microstructure evolution of AZ31 magnesium during ECAP process are significant, and a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results was obtained, which confirmed that the derived dynamic recrystallization mathematical models can be successfully incorporated into the finite element model to predict the microstructure evolution of ECAP process for AZ31 magnesium.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tribological Properties in Disks of AA-5754 and AA-5083 Aluminium Alloys Previously Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Isothermally Forged

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Carmelo J. Luis Pérez ◽  
Rodrigo Luri Irigoyen ◽  
Ignacio Puertas Arbizu ◽  
Daniel Salcedo Pérez ◽  
Javier León Iriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ring Configuration ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Accumulated Deformation

In the present study, the wear behaviour of two aluminium alloys (AA-5754 and AA-5083) is analysed where these have been previously processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In order to achieve the objectives of this study, several disks made of these alloys are manufactured by isothermal forging from different initial states. The microstructures of the initial materials analysed in this study have different accumulated deformation levels. In order to compare the properties of the nanostructured materials with those which have not been ECAP-processed, several disks with a height of 6 mm and a diameter of 35 mm are manufactured from both aluminium alloys (that is, AA-5754 and AA-5083) isothermally forged at temperatures of 150 and 200 °C, respectively. These thus-manufactured disks are tested under a load of 0.6 kN, which is equivalent to a stress mean value of 18 MPa, and at a rotational speed of 200 rpm. In order to determine the wear values, the disks are weighed at the beginning, at 10,000 revolutions, at 50,000 revolutions and at 100,000 revolutions, and then the volume-loss values are calculated. This study was carried out using specific equipment, which may be considered to have a block-on-ring configuration, developed for testing in-service wear behaviour of mechanical components. From this, the wear coefficients for the two materials at different initial states are obtained. In addition, a comparison is made between the behaviour of the previously ECAP-processed aluminium alloys and those that are non-ECAP-processed. A methodology is proposed to determine wear coefficients for the aluminium alloys under consideration, which may be used to predict the wear behaviour. It is demonstrated that AA-5754 and AA-5083 aluminium alloys improve wear behaviour after the ECAP process compared to that obtained in non-ECAP-processed materials.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN NILAI KEKERASAN DAN KONDUKTIVITAS LISTRIK ALUMINIUM AKIBAT PROSES EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING (ECAP)

ROTASI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rusnaldy Rusnaldy ◽  
Norman Iskandar ◽  
Muhammad Khairul Rais ◽  
Wisnu Tri Erlangga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Number Of Passes

In current study, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process was applied to pure aluminium rod. The effect of the number of passes on hardness and electrical conductivity ECAP samples was investigated. The dimensions of ECAP die for 12 mmm diameter workpieces are designed with intersect angle of 120o. The experiments were carried out by using samples cut from an ingot and a rod and machined to a size of 12 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. The workpiece was pressed into the ECAP die up to 7 passes at room temperature.After deformation, all samples were subjected to a hardness test, an electrical conductivity test and for optical microscope study. The hardness measurement of the ECAP samples suggested that enhanced hardness would be obtained by repeating ECAP process.Increasing the electrical conductivity of the ECAP samples indicatesthat there is no dislocation formation due to increasing plastic deformation in ECAP process

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document