scholarly journals Application of Surfactant Modified Natural Zeolites for the Removal of Salicylic Acid—A Contaminant of Emerging Concern

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7728
Author(s):  
Danijela Smiljanić ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Milena Obradović ◽  
Milica Ožegović ◽  
Francesco Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Initial Drug

This work aimed to test composites (surfactant modified zeolites prepared by treatment of natural zeolites—clinoptilolite (IZ CLI) and/or phillipsite (PHIL75)-rich tuffs with two different amounts of cationic surfactants: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) and Arquad® 2HT-75 (ARQ)) for the adsorption of salicylic acid (SA)—a common contaminant of emerging concern. Adsorption of SA was studied at different initial drug concentrations (in the range of 2–100 mg/L) in water solution. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest adsorption was achieved by bilayer composite of IZ CLI and CPyCl—around 11 mg/g. Kinetic runs were performed by using the initial drug concentration of 20 mg/L in the time interval from 0 to 75 min and pseudo-second order had good correlation with experimental data. The influence of the four different temperatures on the SA adsorption was also investigated and thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption drug onto composites is an exothermic and nonspontaneous process, followed by the decrease of randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption. Zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) had been performed for the characterization of composites after adsorption of SA confirming the presence of the drug at composite surfaces.

scholarly journals Influence of thermal treatment and combustible additives on properties of Latvian clay ceramics pellets

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liga Dabare ◽  
Ruta Svinka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Clay Ceramics

Porous ceramic pellets for possible environmental application were produced from different Latvian clays by sintering at different temperatures. Their characteristics and influence of additives were analysed using X-ray diffraction, mercury porosimetry and BET tests. The obtained ceramic pellets from calcareous clays after immersion in distilled water change its pH value, which affects their capability to adsorb ions or molecules on the surface. The sorption capabilities are dependent on the pH level of water solution, composition of clays, and used adsorbate. Porosity of the produced pellets is mostly within range from 15 to 25 % throughout all sintering temperatures with a slight decrease at 1050 ?C. The specific surface area has a wide range up to 30 m2/g. The highest surface area has pellets sintered at lower temperatures. The adsorption capability of pellets was evaluated using water solutions with different ions. The most promising results were obtained with iodine sorption. For most pellets the sorption capacity was 12.7 mg/g, although for the pellets sintered at 1050 ?C it was lower.

Effect of Surface Modification by CuO on Surface Morphology, Electrical Properties and Gas Response of ZnO Thick Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 968-976
Author(s):  
M. K. Deore ◽  
V. B. Gaikwad ◽  
D. D. Kajale ◽  
J. H. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Screen Printing Technique ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Gas Response

The screen printing technique was used for the preparation of ZnO thick films. The films were dipped into 0.01 M aq. solution of (CulCl2 · 2H2O) for 10, 15, 20 and 30 min time interval for the surface modification. The dispersed CuCl2 on the film surface oxidized during heating at 500 °C and converted into CuO. SEM coupled with EDAX analysis showed the morphology of surface and elemental composition of the films. The micrographs of the films dipped at different time interval show the very interesting changes. The EDAX result shows variation in Zn/O and Cu/Zn ratio with different concentration of Cu. The toxic gases such as Cl2, H2S, CO and LPG etc. were used to study the gas response of the films at different temperatures. The pure film shows the poor response to H2S gas at 300 °C while surface modified film shows a good response to the same gas at 100 °C temperature for 100 ppm level gas concentration. The main characteristics of the films such as the selectivity, response and recovery time were studied and are presented in this paper.

Multitemperature Stability and Degradation Characteristics of Pergolide Mesylate Oral Liquid

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon R. Shank ◽  
Clyde M. Ofner
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
First Order ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Initial Drug

The stability of pergolide mesylate in an oral aqueous liquid was studied. Stability and solubility data were used to determine the degradation characteristics of the drug in this formulation. Samples were stored in the dark at 35°C, 45°C, and 60°C. At 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, samples were removed and stored in a −80°C freezer for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay at a later date. The initial drug concentration of 0.30 mg/mL was determined by assay after storage at −80°C. A solubility of 6.9 mg/mL was found for pergolide mesylate in the oral liquid at room temperature with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.0%. The degradation process is considered first-order at 25°C and 35°C. At higher temperatures (45°C and 60°C), a color change and curvature at the latter time points in degradation profiles are ascribed to the presence of methylcellulose. The activation energy calculated for degradation of pergolide mesylate in the oral liquid was 21.3 kcal/mol. The time to reach 90% potency (t90) values were calculated to be 43 days and 3 days, respectively, for storage at 25°C and 35°C. Drug concentrations up to ~6 mg/mL can be maintained as a solution at room temperature with this formulation.

Structure and properties of nanocrystalline nickel prepared by selective leaching at different temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Alena Michalcová ◽  
Ivo Marek ◽  
Adél Len ◽  
Oleg Heczko ◽  
Jan Drahokoupil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Selective Leaching ◽  
Nanocrystalline Nickel ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Nickel Particles ◽  
Nanocrystalline Particles ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Nanocrystalline nickel is an interesting material for catalysis, and also, like all nanocrystalline metals, it has potential for structural application. Our aim was to develop a method for preparation of precursor materials for powder metallurgy. Because of this, selective leaching of binary alloy was chosen as it leads to production of nanocrystalline clustered (sub)micro particles. In this work, the preparation of Ni particles by selective leaching of Al matrix from Al-50 wt.% Ni in NaOH water solution is described. It was found that structure and magnetic properties were strongly dependent on leaching temperature, which was proven by characterization of Ni particles leached at −20, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80°C. The microstructure of as-prepared particles was observed by HRTEM and also by small angle neutron scattering. Magnetic properties were characterized by measuring of saturation magnetization. It was proven that with increased leaching temperature the grain size of prepared nanocrystalline particles increased. Also the value of saturated magnetization follows the same trend. The amount of hydrogen stored in nickel particles is independent on leaching temperature.

Influence of Temperature on the Pathogenesis and Gene Expression of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight/Wet Root Rot Disease in Mungbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Maya Bashyal ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Kharayat ◽  
Pooja Parmar ◽  
Ashish Kumar Gupta ◽  
S. C. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Web Blight

Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) is one of the most important pulse crops and grown in almost all parts of the India. Web blight/wet root rot disease of mungbean is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Crop environmental factors plays a vital role in the development of web blight disease caused by R. solani. An understanding of the role of environmental factors on the infection and survival of the pathogen is necessary to develop disease management practices. Methods: The effect of different temperatures (4oC, 20oC, 25oC, 30oC and 35oC) on mycelial growth of seven different R. solani isolates belonging to different anastomosis group were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Effect of different temperatures on the development of root rot/web blight disease of mungbean was also evaluated under phytotron conditions at various temperatures with constant relative humidity (85%) and illumination (alternate dark and light period of 12 h). Effect of temperatures on the expression of selected pathogenicity related genes was evaluated through real time PCR. Result: Maximum radial growth in R. solani isolates was observed at 25 and 30oC after 48 hrs of incubation. Maximum disease incidence was observed with R. solani isolate RUPU-18 (73.11%) followed by R-17 (68.75%), RDLM-1 (63.45%) at 25oC on mungbean genotype Pusa Vishal. Expression of genes like ABC transporter was observed only at 35oC, while other genes like 1, 3 glucan hydrolase expressed maximum at 25oC after 24, 48 and 72 hrs post inoculation. Present study suggested that the expression of pathogenicity related genes in mungbean-R. solani system is dependent on the temperature and time interval post pathogen inoculation.

Studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in Sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
U P Singh ◽  
B K Sarma ◽  
D P Singh ◽  
Amar Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Different Temperatures

Exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. Germination of exudate-depleted sclerotia was delayed on Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. The exudate-depleted sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse. Different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination ability of the exudate-depleted sclerotia. Oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate of S. rolfsii induced the synthesis of phenolic acids, including gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, as well as salicylic acid, in treated chickpea leaves. Gallic acid content was increased in treated leaves compared with the untreated controls. Maximum induction of gallic acid was seen in both leaves treated with oxalic acid followed by exudate and leaves treated with culture filtrate. Cinnamic and salicylic acids were not induced in exudate-treated leaves. Ethyl acetate fractionation indicated that the sclerotial exudates consisted of gallic, oxalic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, whereas the culture filtrate consisted of gallic, oxalic, and cinnamic acids along with many other unidentified compounds.Key words: oxalic acid, phenolic acid, salicylic acid, sclerotial exudate, culture filtrate, Sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotial germination.

scholarly journals Stability and Compatibility of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride in Intravenous Admixtures: A New Look at an Old Drug

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Daniel Sabins ◽  
Tuong Diep ◽  
Pamela McCartan ◽  
Shashi Patel ◽  
Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Initial Drug ◽  
Predetermined Time

Purpose: Intravenous (IV) admixtures of diphenhydramine are widely used in hospitalized patients to prevent or treat hypersensitivity reactions. However, there is limited data to support the admixture preparation in this manner. This study was designed to investigate the stability and compatibility of diphenhydramine in IV admixtures with a goal to establish a 14-day beyond-use dating with storage under refrigeration. Methods: The commercially available 50 mg/mL diphenhydramine hydrochloride injection vials were used to prepare the 0.2 and 1.0 mg/mL IV admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection in 50 mL polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. The IV bags were sealed and stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C) for the stability study. At each predetermined time point, samples were taken for visual inspection, pH measurement, and analysis by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results: The freshly prepared IV admixtures appeared clear, colorless, and particulate-free with pH readings of 4.44 to 4.60. The initial drug concentrations of all samples were confirmed by HPLC to be within 101.8% to 103.6% of the label claims. Over the 14 days of the study period, there was no significant change in the appearance or pH values for all stability samples. The HPLC results also confirmed that there was no more than ±2% change of the initial drug concentration in any stability samples. Conclusion: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride IV admixtures of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/mL are compatible with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection in PVC bags. These IV admixtures are stable chemically and physically for up to 14 days when stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C).

Solubility of salicylic acid in pure alcohols at different temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyuk Lim ◽  
Sunghyun Jang ◽  
Hye Kyoung Cho ◽  
Moon Sam Shin ◽  
Hwayong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

Sonochemical degradation of ofloxacin in aqueous solutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3141-3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hapeshi ◽  
A. Achilleos ◽  
A. Papaioannou ◽  
L. Valanidou ◽  
N. P. Xekoukoulotakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavitation Bubble ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Ultrasound Energy ◽  
Ultrasound Generator ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Initial Drug

The use of low frequency (20 kHz), high energy ultrasound for the degradation of the antibiotic ofloxacin in water was investigated. Experiments were performed with a horn-type ultrasound generator at varying applied power densities (130–640 W/L), drug concentrations (5–20 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0–100 mM) and sparging gases (air, oxygen, nitrogen and argon). In general, conversion (which was assessed following sample absorbance at 288 nm) increased with increasing ultrasound energy and peroxide concentration and decreasing initial drug concentration. Moreover, reactions under an argon atmosphere were faster than with diatomic gases, possibly due to argon's physical properties (e.g. solubility, thermal conductivity and specific heat ratio) favoring sonochemical activity. Overall, low to moderate levels of ofloxacin degradation were achieved (i.e. it never exceeded 50%), thus indicating that radical reactions in the liquid bulk rather than thermal reactions in the vicinity of the cavitation bubble are responsible for ofloxacin degradation.

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