scholarly journals An Approach to the Study of a 19th-Century Sugarcane Mill and Steam Engine through CAD Techniques and Mechanical Engineering

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Rojas-Sola ◽  
Gloria del Río-Cidoncha ◽  
Rafael Ortíz-Marín ◽  
Justino Trenas-Arbizu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Industrial Archaeology ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Engineering Company

This article shows an approach to the three-dimensional modelling of a sugarcane mill and its associated steam engine, designed by the Robey and Co. engineering company in 1869. In order to obtain the 3D CAD model of said invention, CATIA V5 R20 software has been employed. Various sources of starting material, from the basis of this research and found in the process of searching for relevant information, provide information on the main elements, operating conditions, and mechanism of the machine. Thanks to the three-dimensional geometric modelling carried out, it has been possible to explain, in detail, both its operation and the final assembly of the invention through the assemblies of its different subsets, thereby obtaining a virtual recreation that shows its operation. Likewise, a study has been carried out, from a mechanical engineering viewpoint, of the gear train that transmitted the movement, in order to ascertain the compression force exerted on the sugar cane. This research, related to industrial archaeology, therefore, enables the reader to understand a machine that constituted a milestone in the sugarcane industry, while paying tribute to the English engineer, Robert Robey.

scholarly journals Agustín de Betancourt’s Double-Acting Steam Engine: Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rojas-Sola ◽  
Eduardo De la Morena-De la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Computer Aided Engineering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Industrial Archaeology ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Von Mises

This article analyses the double-acting steam engine designed by Agustín de Betancourt in 1789 and based on the steam engine of James Watt. Its novelty and scientific interest lies in the fact that from the point of view of industrial archaeology and the study of technical historical heritage there is no worldwide study on this invention, which marked a historic milestone in the design of the steam engines of the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840). This underscores the utility and originality of this research. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method of the 3D CAD model of the invention under real operating conditions. The results have shown that the double-acting steam engine was correctly designed considering that the values of the maximum von Mises stress (188.4 MPa) obtained were taken away from the elastic limit of the material it was made of (cast iron), as well as to the maximum deformations (0.14% with respect to its length) obtained in the same element that presents the maximum stress (opening axle of the high pressure steam valve). Similarly, the maximum displacements (18.74 mm) are located in the mobile counterweights that transmit certain inertia to facilitate the opening and closing of the valves. Finally, if we look at the results of the safety coefficient, whose lowest value was 4.02, we could say that the invention was oversized, following constructive criteria of the time, as there were no resistance tests on materials that would help in the optimization of the design of the invention.

scholarly journals A Review on Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of DMLS Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
A.P.S.V.R Subrahmanyam ◽  
Kondapalli Siva Prasad ◽  
P.Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Dimensional Object

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique in which the metal powder will be sintered in selected regions as per 3D CAD file in stack manner in order to produce a three dimensional object with less effort, in less possible time and with minimal wastage of metal. In this paper most widely used DMLS metal powders mechanical and corrosion properties were analyzed and the effect of post processes on the material properties were discussed. The objective of the paper is to fuse the works done so far and to identify gaps to identify the key areas of this technology. The promising and successful application of this revolutionary technology in various sectors like biomedical, aerospace and automotive was also discussed based on material behaviour at different operating conditions. This review would help researchers to find challenges in this booming technology. As per the materials point of view future research prospective was suggested in depth in light of present review.

scholarly journals Industrial Archaeology Applied to the Study of an Ancient Harvesting Machine: Three-Dimensional Modelling and Virtual Reconstruction

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Rojas-Sola ◽  
Gloria del Río-Cidoncha ◽  
Ángel Coronil-García
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Industrial Archaeology ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Complex Transmission

This article shows the three-dimensional (3D) modelling and virtual reconstruction of an ancient harvesting machine developed at the beginning of the 19th century. SolidWorks software is employed to obtain the 3D model of this historical invention and its geometric documentation. The original material for the research is available on a farm located in the province of Cádiz (Spain). Thanks to the three-dimensional modelling performed, both its operation and the final assembly of this invention can be explained in detail in a coherent way. Having carried out the functional analysis, it can be verified that the machine combines well-performed chain-sprocket transmissions, which, together with complex gearboxes with parallel and bevel gears, make this reaper a very reliable machine. Furthermore, the inclusion of elements such as gimbal joints on shafts with possible misalignments, and clutches to adapt the operation of the machine to the needs of the operator, makes it highly versatile and functional without over-exerting the mechanics. From a technical point of view, the complex transmission systems, the perfect synchronization achieved between all its parts, and the combination of continuous oscillatory movements, such as that of sheaf compactors with intermittent movements as complex as that of the knotting system, are all worthy of note, and reveal the great work of engineering involved in this historical invention.

scholarly journals Blaise Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator: Geometric Modelling and Virtual Reconstruction

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Rojas-Sola ◽  
Gloria del Río-Cidoncha ◽  
Arturo Fernández-de la Puente Sarriá ◽  
Verónica Galiano-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Blaise Pascal ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Aided Design

This article shows the three-dimensional (3D) modelling and virtual reconstruction of the first mechanical calculating machine used for accounting purposes designed by Blaise Pascal in 1642. To obtain the 3D CAD (computer-aided design) model and the geometric documentation of said invention, CATIA V5 R20 software has been used. The starting materials for this research, mainly the plans of this arithmetic machine, are collected in the volumes Oeuvres de Blaise Pascal published in 1779. Sketches of said machine are found therein that lack scale, are not dimensioned and certain details are absent; that is, they were not drawn with precision in terms of their measurements and proportions, but they do provide qualitative information on the shape and mechanism of the machine. Thanks to the three-dimensional modelling carried out; it has been possible to explain in detail both its operation and the final assembly of the invention, made from the assemblies of its different subsets. In this way, the reader of the manuscript is brought closer to the perfect understanding of the workings of a machine that constituted a major milestone in the technological development of the time.

scholarly journals Automatized Evaluation of Students’ CAD Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Nenad Bojcetic ◽  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Dragan Zezelj ◽  
Tomislav Martinec
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Computer Solution ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Aided Design

The article describes an attempt to address the automatized evaluation of student three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models. The driving idea was conceptualized under the restraints of the COVID pandemic, driven by the problem of evaluating a large number of student 3D CAD models. The described computer solution can be implemented using any CAD computer application that supports customization. Test cases showed that the proposed solution was valid and could be used to evaluate many students’ 3D CAD models. The computer solution can also be used to help students to better understand how to create a 3D CAD model, thereby complying with the requirements of particular teachers.

Numerical Simulation of Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in Cross-Wavy Primary Surface Channel for Microtubine Recuperators

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. Liang ◽  
Q. W. Wang ◽  
L. Q. Luo ◽  
Z. P. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
The Cross

Three-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the flow field and heat transfer performance of the Cross-Wavy Primary Surface (CWPS) recuperators for microturbines. Using high-effective compact recuperators to achieve high thermal efficiency is one of the key techniques in the development of microturbine in recent years. Recuperators need to have minimum volume and weight, high reliability and durability. Most important of all, they need to have high thermal-effectiveness and low pressure-losses so that the gas turbine system can achieve high thermal performances. These requirements have attracted some research efforts in designing and implementing low-cost and compact recuperators for gas turbine engines recently. One of the promising techniques to achieve this goal is the so-called primary surface channels with small hydraulic dimensions. In this paper, we conducted a three-dimensional numerical study of flow and heat transfer for the Cross-Wavy Primary Surface (CWPS) channels with two different geometries. In the CWPS configurations the secondary flow is created by means of curved and interrupted surfaces, which may disturb the thermal boundary layers and thus improve the thermal performances of the channels. To facilitate comparison, we chose the identical hydraulic diameters for the above four CWPS channels. Since our experiments on real recuperators showed that the Reynolds number ranges from 150 to 500 under the operating conditions, we implemented all the simulations under laminar flow situations. By analyzing the correlations of Nusselt numbers and friction factors vs. Reynolds numbers of the four CWPS channels, we found that the CWPS channels have superior and comprehensive thermal performance with high compactness, i.e., high heat transfer area to volume ratio, indicating excellent commercialized application in the compact recuperators.

Efficient Simulation of Gear Contacts Including Transient Elastohydrodynamic Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fietkau ◽  
Bernd Bertsche
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Multibody Simulation ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Oil Films ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

This paper describes an efficient transient elastohydrodynamic simulation method for gear contacts. The model uses oil films and elastic deformations directly in the multibody simulation, and is based on the Reynolds equation including squeeze and wedge terms as well as an elastic half-space. Two transient solutions to this problem, an analytical and a numerical one, were developed. The analytical solution is accomplished using assumptions for the gap shape and the pressure in the middle of the gap. The numerical problem is solved using multilevel multi-integration algorithms. With this approach, tooth impacts during gear rattling as well as highly loaded power-transmitting gear contacts can be investigated and lubrication conditions like gap heights or type of friction may be determined. The method was implemented in the multibody simulation environment SIMPACK. Therefore it is easy to transfer the developed element to other models and use it for a multitude of different engineering problems. A detailed three-dimensional elastic multibody model of an experimental transmission is used to validate the developed method. Important values of the gear contact like normal and tangential forces, proportion of dry friction, and minimum gap heights are calculated and studied for different conditions. In addition, pressure distributions on tooth flanks as well as gap forms are determined based on the numerical solution method. Finally, the simulation approach is validated with measurements and shows good consistency. The simulation model is therefore capable of predicting transient gear contact under different operating conditions such as load vibrations or gear rattling. Simulations of complete transmissions are possible and therefore a direct determination of transmission vibration behavior and structure-borne noise as well as of forces and lubrication conditions can be done.

Collaborative Design System for Electromechanical Products

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Narikawa ◽  
Kazuo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Design System ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Electromechanical Products

Abstract This paper gives an overview of a collaborative design system (CDS) for electromechanical products. To reduce design costs and to manufacture high-quality products, it is well known that concurrent engineering (CE) is a very efficient approach. Three-dimensional (3D) CAD system and engineering database system are essential components of CE. The CDS is an environment to realize CE. By creating 3D models in a computer and performing some simulations such as mechanical, electronic, software simulation and integrated simulations, it is possible to estimate functions, assemblability, manufacturability and so on, before making prototype models. In this paper, we outline the CDS and mainly discuss the total information management system (TIMS) which makes an important role of the CDS. This paper describes the implementation experience of some functions of the TIMS.

scholarly journals Fast three-dimensional heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gil ◽  
Andrés Omar Tiseira ◽  
Luis Miguel García-Cuevas ◽  
Tatiana Rodríguez Usaquén ◽  
Guillaume Mijotte
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Bearing System

Each of the elements that make up the turbocharger has been gradually improved. In order to ensure that the system does not experience any mechanical failures or loss of efficiency, it is important to study which engine-operating conditions could produce the highest failing rate. Common failing conditions in turbochargers are mostly achieved due to oil contamination and high temperatures in the bearing system. Thermal management becomes increasingly important for the required engine performance. Therefore, it has become necessary to have accurate temperature and heat transfer models. Most thermal design and analysis codes need data for validation; often the data available fall outside the range of conditions the engine experiences in reality leading to the need to interpolate and extrapolate disproportionately. This article presents a fast three-dimensional heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the central housing for non-water cooled turbochargers and its direct validation with experimental data at different engine-operating conditions of speed and load. The presented model allows a detailed study of the temperature rise of the central housing, lubrication channels, and maximum level of temperature at different points of the bearing system of an automotive turbocharger. It will let to evaluate thermal damage done to the system itself and influences on the working fluid temperatures, which leads to oil coke formation that can affect the performance of the engine. Thermal heat transfer properties obtained from this model can be used to feed and improve a radial lumped model of heat transfer that predicts only local internal temperatures. Model validation is illustrated, and finally, the main results are discussed.

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