scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling of Interactions between Microglia and Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Brain during a Stroke

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif Jahman Alqarni ◽  
Azmin Sham Rambely ◽  
Ishak Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

In this paper, we study the interactions between microglia and neural stem cells and the impact of these interactions on the brain cells during a stroke. Microglia cells, neural stem cells, the damage on brain cells from the stroke and the impacts these interactions have on living brain cells are considered in the design of mathematical models. The models consist of ordinary differential equations describing the effects of microglia on brain cells and the interactions between microglia and neural stem cells in the case of a stroke. Variables considered include: resident microglia, classically activated microglia, alternatively activated microglia, neural stem cells, tissue damage on cells in the brain, and the impacts these interactions have on living brain cells. The first model describes what happens in the brain at the stroke onset during the first three days without the generation of any neural stem cells. The second model studies the dynamic effect of microglia and neural stem cells on the brain cells following the generation of neural stem cells and potential recovery after this stage. We look at the stability and the instability of the models which are both studied analytically. The results show that the immune cells can help the brain by cleaning dead cells and stimulating the generation of neural stem cells; however, excessive activation may cause damage and affect the injured region. Microglia have beneficial and harmful functions after ischemic stroke. The microglia stimulate neural stem cells to generate new cells that substitute dead cells during the recovery stage but sometimes the endogenous neural stem cells are highly sensitive to inflammatory in the brain.

scholarly journals Dynamic behavior and stabilization of brain cell reconstitution after stroke under the proliferation and differentiation processes for stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 6288-6304
Author(s):  
Awatif Jahman Alqarni ◽  
◽  
Azmin Sham Rambely ◽  
Sana Abdulkream Alharbi ◽  
Ishak Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

<abstract><p>Stem cells play a critical role in regulatory operations, overseeing tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the impact of stem cell transplantation on the dynamical behavior of stroke therapy, which is assumed to be based on transplanting dead brain cells following a stroke. We transform the method of using hierarchical cell systems into a method of using different compartment variables by using ordinary differential equations, each of which elucidates a well-defined differentiation stage along with the effect of mature cells in improving the brain function after a stroke. Stem cells, progenitor cells, and the impacts of the stem cells transplanted on brain cells are among the variables considered. The model is studied analytically and solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We analyze the structure of equilibria, the ability of neural stem cells to proliferate and differentiate, and the stability properties of equilibria for stem cell transplantation. The model is considered to be stable after transplantation if the stem cells and progenitor cells differentiate into mature nerve cells in the brain. The results of the model analysis and simulation facilitate the identification of various biologically probable parameter sets that can explain the optimal time for stem cell replacement of damaged brain cells. Associating the classified parameter sets with recent experimental and clinical findings contributes to a better understanding of therapeutic mechanisms that promote the reconstitution of brain cells after an ischemic stroke.</p></abstract>

scholarly journals Effects of Radiation Therapy on Neural Stem Cells

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Michaelidesová ◽  
Jana Konířová ◽  
Petr Bartůněk ◽  
Martina Zíková
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Brain and nervous system cancers in children represent the second most common neoplasia after leukemia. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in cancer treatment; however, the use of such therapy is not without devastating side effects. The impact of radiation-induced damage to the brain is multifactorial, but the damage to neural stem cell populations seems to play a key role. The brain contains pools of regenerative neural stem cells that reside in specialized neurogenic niches and can generate new neurons. In this review, we describe the advances in radiotherapy techniques that protect neural stem cell compartments, and subsequently limit and prevent the occurrence and development of side effects. We also summarize the current knowledge about neural stem cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in neural stem cell niches after brain radiotherapy. Strategies used to minimize radiation-related damages, as well as new challenges in the treatment of brain tumors are also discussed.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Yashika S. Kamte ◽  
Manisha N. Chandwani ◽  
Alexa C. Michaels ◽  
Lauren A. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain

Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.

scholarly journals Endogenous neural stem cells modulate microglia and protect against demyelination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Brousse ◽  
Océane Mercier ◽  
Karine Magalon ◽  
Fabrice Daian ◽  
Pascale Durbec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Circular RNA TTC3 regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and neural stem cells by miR-372-3p/TLR4 axis in cerebral infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Li’e Zang ◽  
Jingwen Cui ◽  
Linlin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Stroke serves as a prevalent cerebrovascular disorder with severe cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury, in which neural stem cells (NSCs) play critical roles in the recovery of cerebral function. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been widely found to participate in stroke and NSC modulation. However, the role of circRNA TTC3 (circTTC3) in the regulation of CIR injury and NSCs remains elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the impact of circTTC3 on CIR injury and NSCs. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion/repression (MCAO/R) model was established in C57BL/6J mice. The primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebellum from C57BL/6J mice. The primary NSCs were obtained from rat embryos. The effect of circTTC3 on CIR injury and NSCs was analyzed by TTC staining, qPCR, Western blot, LDH colorimetric kits, MTT assays, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, luciferase reporter gene assays, and others in the system. Results Significantly, the expression of circTTC3 was elevated in the MCAO/R mice and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated astrocytes. The depletion of circTTC3 attenuated cerebral infarction, neurological score, and brain water content. The OGD treatment induced apoptosis and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the astrocytes, in which circTTC3 depletion reduced this phenotype in the system. Moreover, the depletion of circTTC3 promoted the proliferation and upregulated the nestin and β-tubulin III expression in NSCs. Mechanically, circTTC3 was able to sponge miR-372-3p, and miR-372-3p can target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in NSCs. The miR-372-3p inhibitor or TLR4 overexpression could reverse circTTC3 depletion-mediated astrocyte OGD injury and NSC regulation. Conclusion Thus, we conclude that circTTC3 regulates CIR injury and NSCs by the miR-372-3p/TLR4 axis in cerebral infarction. Our finding presents new insight into the mechanism by which circTTC3 modulates CIR injury and NSC dysfunction. CircTTC3, miR-372-3p, and TLR4 may serve as potential targets for the treatment of CIR injury during stroke.

P50. Role of glioma produced CM1 in the brain tumor tropism of human neural stem cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. S33-S34
Author(s):  
J. Jeon ◽  
S. Cho ◽  
K. Cho ◽  
Y. Lee ◽  
M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Tropism ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia P Garcez ◽  
Erick C Loiola ◽  
Rodrigo F Madeiro da Costa ◽  
Luiza Higa ◽  
Pablo Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain Development

Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), reports of microcephaly have increased dramatically in Brazil; however, causality between the widespread epidemic and malformations in fetal brains has not been confirmed. Here, we examine the effects of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells growing as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we show that ZIKV targets human brain cells, reducing their viability and growth as neurospheres and cerebral organoids. These results suggest that ZIKV abrogates neurogenesis during human brain development.

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