scholarly journals Hybrid Polyketides from a Hydractinia-Associated Cladosporium sphaerospermum SW67 and Their Putative Biosynthetic Origin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoung Rak Lee ◽  
Dahae Lee ◽  
Hee Jeong Eom ◽  
Maja Rischer ◽  
Yoon-Joo Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Marine Fungus ◽  
Geometric Isomers ◽  
Tetramic Acid ◽  
Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽  
Modified Mosher’S Method

Five hybrid polyketides (1a, 1b, and 2–4) containing tetramic acid core including a new hybrid polyketide, cladosin L (1), were isolated from the marine fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum SW67, which was isolated from the marine hydroid polyp of Hydractinia echinata. The hybrid polyketides were isolated as a pair of interconverting geometric isomers. The structure of 1 was determined based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR-ESIMS analyses. Its absolute configuration was established by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and modified Mosher’s method. Tetramic acid-containing compounds are reported to be derived from a hybrid PKS-NRPS, which was also proved by analyzing our 13C-labeling data. We investigated whether compounds 1–4 could prevent cell damage induced by cisplatin, a platinum-based anticancer drug, in LLC-PK1 cells. Co-treatment with 2 and 3 ameliorated the damage of LLC-PK1 cells induced by 25 μM of cisplatin. In particular, the effect of compound 2 at 100 μM (cell viability, 90.68 ± 0.81%) was similar to the recovered cell viability of 88.23 ± 0.25% with 500 μM N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a positive control.

scholarly journals Unstable Tetramic Acid Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum EIODSF 008

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Zhong-Hui Huang ◽  
Xuan Ma ◽  
Shu-Hua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Tetramic Acid ◽  
Cladosporium Sphaerospermum

Seven new unstable tetramic acid derivatives, cladosporiumins I-O (1–7), together with the known analogue cladodionen (8) were isolated from the extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum EIODSF 008. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations and ECD spectra. Compound 4 was a Mg complex of tetramic acid derivative. In acidic solvent, 4 could change to 1 and 6, and 7 could change to 5. In addition, 1, 5 and 8 existed as two exchangeable isomers, respectively. The structures of cladosporiumins E-H were reassigned as their Na complexes. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of 1–8 were also evaluated. However, because of their instability, all of the isolated compounds did not show significant antibacterial activity as the preliminary EtOAc extracts of the fungal strain.

scholarly journals Macathiohydantoin L, a Novel Thiohydantoin Bearing a Thioxohexahydroimidazo [1,5-a] Pyridine Moiety from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4934
Author(s):  
Ranran Zhang ◽  
Junhong Liu ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Xingrong Peng ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Lepidium Meyenii ◽  
Pyridine Moiety ◽  
New Compounds

Five new thiohydantoin derivatives (1–5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Lepidium meyenii Walp. NMR (1H and 13C NMR, 1H−1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), HRESIMS, and ECD were employed for the structure elucidation of new compounds. Significantly, the structure of compound 1 was the first example of thiohydantoins with thioxohexahydroimidazo [1,5-a] pyridine moiety. Additionally, compounds 2 and 3 possess rare disulfide bonds. Except for compound 4, all isolates were assessed for neuroprotective activities in corticosterone (CORT)-stimulated PC12 cell damage. Among them, compound (−)-3 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity (cell viability: 68.63%, 20 μM) compared to the positive control desipramine (DIM) (cell viability: 88.49%, 10 μM).

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from the Radix Curcuma aromatica on H2O2-induced Damage in PC12 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juxiang Liu ◽  
Lianli Zhang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Baocai Li ◽  
Mi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Morphologic Change ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Etoh Extract

Aim & Objectives: Curcuminoids are characteristic constituents in Curcuma, displaying obviously neuroprotective activities against oxidative stress. As one of the Traditional Chinese Medicines from Curcuma, the radix of Curcuma aromatica is also rich in those chemicals, but its neuroprotective activity and mechanism remain unknown. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of extracts from the radix of C. aromatica (ECAs) on H2O2-damaged PC12 cells. Material and Methods: The model of oxidative stress damage was established by treatment of 400 µM H2O2 on PC12 to induce cell damage. After the treatment of ECWs for 24 h, the cell viability, LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH were measured to evaluate the neuroprotection of ECAs on that model. The potential action mechanism was studied by measurement of level of ROS, cell apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), morphologic change, the intracellular Ca2+ content (F340/F380) and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. Additionally, the constituents from tested extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS method. Results: Compared with a positive control, Vitamin E, 10 µg/ml of 95% EtOH extract (HCECA) and 75% EtOH extract (MCECA) can markedly increase the rate of cell survival and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, increase the levels of GSH, decrease LDH release and the level of ROS, attenuate the intracellular Ca2+ overloading, reduce the cell apoptotic rate and stabilize MMP, down-regulate Bcl-2 expression, up-regulate Bax and caspase-3 expression, and improve the change of cell morphology. The chemical analysis showed that diarylheptanoids and sesquiterpenoids are the major chemicals in tested extracts and the former were richer in HCECA and MCECA than others. Conclusions: These findings indicated that the effects of HCECA and MCECA on inhibiting the cells damage induced by H2O2 in PC12 are better than other extracts from the radix of C. aromatica, and the active constituents with neuroprotective effects consisting in those two active extracts are diarylheptanoids.

Do We have a Satisfactory Cell Viability Assay? Review of the Currently Commercially-Available Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Baset Halim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
Differential Permeability

:Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.:A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.

Two new defensive constituents from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Liangyan Liu ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Yong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

AbstractTwo new defensive constituents, solatuberenol A (1) and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl stigmasta-5(6),24(28)-diene (2), were isolated from the potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) infected with late blight disease. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, IR, UV, 1D/2D NMR, ECD and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate activity against Phytophthora infestans with mycelia-growth inhibition of 30.1% and 52.4%, respectively, at the concentration of 500 ppm.

Surfactant toxicity in a case of (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid herbicide intoxication

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 848-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hwang ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
JS Kim ◽  
HW Gil ◽  
HY Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Toxic Symptom ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Objective: Self-poisoning with (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) is a common reason for presentation to hospitals, especially in some Asian countries. We encountered a case of a 76-year-old woman who experienced unconsciousness, shock and respiratory failure after ingesting 100 mL MCPA herbicide. We determined whether the surfactant in the formulation was the chemical responsible for the toxic symptom in this patient. Design: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were performed on human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The expressions of 84 genes in 9 categories that are implicated in cellular damage pathways were quantified using an RT2 Profiler™ PCR array on a human neuronal cell line challenged with polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether (PTE). Setting: Pesticide intoxication institute in university hospital. Interventions: Extracorporeal elimination with intravenous lipid emulsion. Measurements: Cell viability and gene expression. Main Results: In the MTT assay, MCPA only minimally decreased cell viability even at concentrations as high as 1 mM. Cells treated with 1-methoxy-2-propanol, dimethylamine and polypropylene glycol exhibited minimal decreases in viability, whilst the viability of cells challenged with PTE decreased dramatically; only 15.5% of cells survived after exposure to 1 µM PTE. Similarly, the results of the LDH cytotoxicity assay showed that MCPA had very low cytotoxicity, whilst cells treated with PTE showed incomparably higher LDH levels ( p < 0.0001). PTE up-regulated the expressions of genes implicated in various cell damage pathways, particularly genes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Conclusions: The surfactant PTE was likely the chemical responsible for the toxic symptom in our patient.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and anti-excitotoxic effects of selected plant and algal extracts using COMET and cell viability assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Aldbass ◽  
Musarat Amina ◽  
Nawal M. Al Musayeib ◽  
Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽  
Sara Al-Rashed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mtt Assays

AbstractExcess glutamate in the central nervous system may be a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases with gradual loss and dysfunction of neurons. Primary or secondary metabolites from medicinal plants and algae show potential for treatment of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Three plant extracts were evaluated for impact on glutamate excitotoxicity-induced in primary cultures of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). These cells were treated separately in seven groups: control; Plicosepalus. curviflorus treated; Saussurea lappa treated; Cladophora glomerate treated. Cells were treated independently with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/ml of extracts of plant or alga material, respectively, for 2 h. Glutamate-treated cells (48 h with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µM glutamate); and P. curviflorus/glutamate; S. lappa/glutamate; C. glomerata/glutamate [pretreatment with extract for 2 h (50 and 100 µg/ml) before glutamate treatment with 100 µM for 48 h]. Comet and MTT assays were used to assess cell damage and cell viability. The number of viable cells fell significantly after glutamate exposure. Exposure to plant extracts caused no notable effect of viability. All tested plants extracts showed a protective effect against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. Use of these extracts for neurological conditions related to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress might prove beneficial.

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to inducible NO synthase rescue epithelial cells from oxidative stress injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. F971-F977 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Peresleni ◽  
E. Noiri ◽  
W. F. Bahou ◽  
M. S. Goligorsky
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Stressed Cells ◽  
Antisense Odns

Until recently, the lack of specific inhibitors of various forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) hampered a stringent evaluation of the role played by inducible NOS (iNOS) in cell damage. Phosphorothioate derivatives of iNOS antisense and control sense or scrambled oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) were synthesized, and their effect on epithelial cell viability was examined under oxidant stress. Exposure of BSC-1 kidney tubular epithelial cells to H2O2 resulted in elevation of NO release, accompanied by a significant decrease in the population of viable cells (from 97.4 +/- 1.7% to 72.4 +/- 2.4% population). Nitrite production by BSC-1 cells exposed to H2O2 increased almost 10-fold compared with control. Pretreatment of the cells with 10 microM antisense ODNs significantly blunted this response, whereas sense or scrambled ODNs did not modify it. Pretreatment of BSC-1 cells with 10 microM antisense ODNs virtually prevented lethal cell damage in response to H2O2, whereas sense ODNs were ineffective. Lipopolysaccharide induction of iNOS, also preventable by the antisense construct, resulted in a lesser compromise to cell viability. Immunocytochemistry of iNOS in cells pretreated with antisense ODNs showed minimal cytoplasmic staining, as opposed to the untreated or sense ODN-treated positively stained cells. Staining with antibodies to nitrotyrosine was conspicuous in stressed cells but undetectable in antisense ODN-treated cells. In conclusion, oxidant stress is accompanied by the induction of iNOS, increased production of NO, and impaired cell viability; selective inhibition of iNOS using the designed antisense ODNs dramatically improved BSC-1 cell viability after oxidant stress.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites with Nitric Oxide Inhibition from Marine-Derived Fungus Alternaria sp. 5102

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhua Chen ◽  
Yanlian Deng ◽  
Chong Yan ◽  
Zhenger Wu ◽  
Heng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Modified Mosher’S Method ◽  
Oxide Inhibition

Two new benzofurans, alternabenzofurans A and B (1 and 2) and two new sesquiterpenoids, alternaterpenoids A and B (3 and 4), along with 18 known polyketides (5−22), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Alternaria sp. 5102. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESIMS, and ECD) and X-ray crystallography, as well as the modified Mosher’s method. Compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, 9–18, and 20–22 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide with IC50 values in the range from 1.3 to 41.1 μM. Structure-activity relationships of the secondary metabolites were discussed.

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