scholarly journals Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Engin Ulukaya ◽  
Didem Karakas ◽  
Konstantinos Dimas
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Chemosensitivity Assays ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Personalized Chemotherapy

Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays’ results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.

Randomized Study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer Study Group Comparing Quality of Life in Patients With Ovarian Cancer Treated With Cisplatin/Paclitaxel Versus Carboplatin/Paclitaxel

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfriede R. Greimel ◽  
Vesna Bjelic-Radisic ◽  
Jacobus Pfisterer ◽  
Felix Hilpert ◽  
Fedor Daghofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin (TC) versus paclitaxel/cisplatin (PT) and to determine the impact of treatment toxicity on the various QoL domains. Patients and Methods In this phase III trial, 798 patients with ovarian cancer stages IIB-IV were randomly assigned to receive TC or PT. The primary end point was progression-free survival; secondary end points included toxicity, QoL, and response to treatment. Patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 before treatment, within 3 days before the second and the fourth chemotherapy cycle, and 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Results Previously reported data showed that patients undergoing TC or PT did not differ in progression-free survival and overall survival. However, the TC arm was superior, indicating a better overall QoL compared with the PT arm. Controlling for toxicity and age, a significant treatment by assessment time interaction was found for four QoL functioning scales and three symptoms scales. Patients in the TC arm showed better means scores after treatment on overall QoL (P = .012), physical functioning (P = .012), role functioning (P = .005), and cognitive functioning (P = .024), compared with the PT arm. Concerning symptom experience, patients undergoing TC showed less nausea and vomiting (P < .001), less appetite loss (P < .001), and less fatigue (P = .033) after completion of treatment compared with patients undergoing PT. Conclusion The TC regimen achieved better QoL outcomes compared with the PT regimen. Thus, clinicians may consider replacing cisplatin with carboplatin when treating ovarian cancer patients with chemotherapy.

scholarly journals A matched-pair analysis on survival and response rates between German and non-German cancer patients treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie K. Budde ◽  
Walther Kuhn ◽  
Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik ◽  
Friedrich Bootz ◽  
Jörg C. Kalff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Matched Pair Analysis ◽  
Pair Analysis

Abstract Background Research shows disparities in cancer outcomes by ethnicity or socio-economic status. Therefore, it is the aim of our study to perform a matched-pair analysis which compares the outcome of German and non-German (in the following described as ‘foreign’) cancer patients being treated at the Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln Bonn at the University Hospital of Bonn between January 2010 and June 2016. Methods During this time, 6314 well-documented patients received a diagnosis of cancer. Out of these patients, 219 patients with foreign nationality could be matched to German patients based on diagnostic and demographic criteria and were included in the study. All of these 438 patients were well characterized concerning survival data (Overall survival, Progression-free survival and Time to progression) and response to treatment. Results No significant differences regarding the patients’ survival and response rates were seen when all German and foreign patients were compared. A subgroup analysis of German and foreign patients with head and neck cancer revealed a significantly longer progression-free survival for the German patients. Differences in response to treatment could not be found in this subgroup analysis. Conclusions In summary, no major differences in survival and response rates of German and foreign cancer patients were revealed in this study. Nevertheless, the differences in progression-free survival, which could be found in the subgroup analysis of patients with head and neck cancer, should lead to further research, especially evaluating the role of infectious diseases like human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on carcinogenesis and disease progression.

An Italian, multicenter, real-world, retrospective study of first-line pazopanib in unselected metastatic renal-cell carcinoma patients: the ‘Pamerit’ study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mosca ◽  
Ugo De Giorgi ◽  
Giuseppe Procopio ◽  
Umberto Basso ◽  
Giacomo Cartenì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
First Line ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Rcc

Abstract Objective Despite the current immunotherapy era, VEGFR inhibitors maintain effectiveness in metastatic renal cell cancer. Real-world data concerning pazopanib are limited. The aim of this study is to add information about efficacy and safety of pazopanib as first-line treatment in metastatic renal cell cancer patients not enrolled into clinical trials. Methods Retrospective analysis (the PAMERIT study) of first-line pazopanib in real-world metastatic renal cell cancer patients among 39 Centers in Italy. Outcomes were progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate and treatment-related adverse events. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank test and multivariable Cox’s models were used and adjusted for age, histology, previous renal surgery, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score and pazopanib initial dose. Results Among 474 patients, 87.3% had clear cell metastatic renal cell cancer histology. Most of them (84.6%) had upfront renal surgery. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 15.8 and 34.4 months, respectively, significantly correlating with International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium’s good prognosis (P &lt; 0.001), ECOG PS 0 (P &lt; 0.001), age (&lt;75 years, P = 0.005), surgery (P &lt; 0.001) and response to pazopanib (P &lt; 0.001). After 3 months of pazopanib, overall disease control rate have been observed in 76.6% patients. Among International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium’s favorable group patients, 57/121 (47%) showed complete/partial response. No unexpected AEs emerged. Conclusions In this real-world study, metastatic renal cell cancer patients treated with first-line pazopanib reached greater progression-free survival and overall survival than in pivotal studies and had high response rates when belonging to International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium’s favorable group, without new toxicities. Pazopanib has been confirmed a valid first-line option for International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium’s good prognosis metastatic renal cell cancer patients who cannot be submitted to immunotherapy.

scholarly journals HOTAIR as a Prognostic Predictor for Diverse Human Cancers: A Meta- and Bioinformatics Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Ibrahim Toy ◽  
Didem Okmen ◽  
Panagiota I. Kontou ◽  
Alexandros G. Georgakilas ◽  
Athanasia Pavlopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Several studies suggest that upregulated expression of the long non-coding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a negative predictive biomarker for numerous cancers. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to further investigate the prognostic value of HOTAIR expression in diverse human cancers. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to select scientific studies relevant to the association between HOTAIR expression and clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS) of cancer patients. Collectively, 53 eligible studies including a total of 4873 patients were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship between HOTAIR and cancer patients’ survival. Elevated HOTAIR expression was found to be significantly associated with OS, RFS/DFS and PFS/MFS in diverse types of cancers. These findings were also corroborated by the results of bioinformatics analysis on overall survival. Therefore, based on our findings, HOTAIR could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of cancer patient survival in many different types of human cancers.

scholarly journals Carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. E1
Author(s):  
Roger J. Packer ◽  
Joanne Ater ◽  
Jeffrey Allen ◽  
Peter Phillips ◽  
Russell Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

The optimum treatment of nonresectable low-grade gliomas of childhood remains undecided. There has been increased interest in the use of chemotherapy for young children, but little information concerning the long-term efficacy of such treatment. Seventy-eight children with a mean age of 3 years (range 3 months-16 years) who had newly diagnosed, progressive low-grade gliomas were treated with combined carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy. The patients were followed for a median of 30 months from diagnosis, with 31 patients followed for more than 3 years. Fifty-eight children had diencephalic tumors, 12 had brainstem gliomas, and three had diffuse leptomeningeal gliomas. Forty-four (56%) of 78 patients showed an objective response to treatment. Progression-free survival rates were 75 ± 6% at 2 years and 68 ± 7% at 3 years. There was no statistical difference in progression-free survival rates between children with neurofibromatosis Type 1 and those without the disease (2-year, progression-free survival 79 ± 11% vs. 75 ± 6%, respectively). The histological subtype of the tumor, its location, and its maximum response to chemotherapy did not have an impact on the duration of disease control. The only significant prognostic factor was age: children 5 years old or younger at the time of treatment had a 3-year progression-free survival rate of 74 ± 7% compared with a rate of 39 ± 21% in older children (p < 0.01). Treatment with carboplatin and vincristine is effective, especially in younger children, in controlling newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas.

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