Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of Tracheal Agenesis as Part of Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome. Case Presentation and Literature Review

Tracheal atresia is an extremely rare condition whereby a partial or total obstruction of the trachea is seen. It is almost always lethal, with just a handful of cases that ended with a good outcome. In this study we report on a 15-week male fetus, diagnosed with hyperechogenic lungs, midline heart position and inverted diaphragm. Sonographic findings suggest congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) An ultrasound scan and fetal MRI were not able to point out the exact obstruction level. In spite of extensive counselling, the parents opted to carry on with the pregnancy. Fetal demise was noted on a scan at 19 weeks gestation. After the elective termination of pregnancy, a post-mortem examination showed partial tracheal atresia with no other anomalies. Despite technological progress in CHAOS syndrome, a precise diagnosis and accurate prognosis remain elusive.

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Umbilical true knot: a case study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2956

Author(s):

Hima Bindu Kommuri ◽

Valsa Diana G.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Prenatal Ultrasonography ◽

Male Fetus ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

Intrauterine Fetal Demise ◽

Fetal Movements

Umbilical cord true knot is a rare condition which affects about 1% of all pregnancies. The incidence is not only very low, but it is often undiagnosed antenatally when present despite the availability of prenatal ultrasonography as in this case, where the diagnosis of true knot of umbilical cord was missed even when an ultrasonogram was done 1 week prior to the presentation of patient with decreased fetal movements to opd. Majority of times it does not have any relation with fetal outcome but in certain occasions it is associated with intrauterine fetal demise as in present case presented here. Risk factors include long umbilical cord, polyhydramnios, small fetus, male fetus, etc.

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Hydranencephaly: A rare case report

Indian Journal of Case Reports ◽

10.32677/ijcr.v7i11.3136 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 491-493

Author(s):

Nalini Sharma ◽

Vinayak Jante ◽

Rituparna Das ◽

Subrat Panda ◽

Mandeep Sagar

Keyword(s):

Rare Case ◽

Fetal Mri ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Pregnant Patient ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

Common Features ◽

Brain Malformations ◽

The Family ◽

Rare Case Report

Hydranencephaly (HE) is a rare condition occurring in <1/10,000 births worldwide. It is one of the recognized forms of brain malformations that are usually associated with intrauterine fetal demise rarely seen in postnatal life. HE can often be misdiagnosed due to certain common features with other neurological abnormalities such as hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, and porencephaly. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old pregnant patient at 34 weeks who was referred with ultrasonography finding of HE which was confirmed by fetal MRI. The decision to deliver the baby was taken expecting an extremely poor outcome after discussing with the family.

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Tracheal Agenesis: A Challenging Prenatal Diagnosis—Contribution of Fetal MRI

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2015/456028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Charline Bertholdt ◽

Estelle Perdriolle-Galet ◽

Pascale Bach-Segura ◽

Olivier Morel

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Airway Obstruction ◽

Antenatal Diagnosis ◽

Fetal Mri ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Tracheal Agenesis ◽

Upper Airways ◽

Female Ratio

Tracheal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. The prevalence is less than 1 : 50 000 with a male to female ratio of 2 : 1. This anomaly may be isolated but, in 93% of cases, it is part of polymalformative syndrome. The most evocative diagnosis situation is the ultrasonographic congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Dilated airways, enlarged lungs with flattened diaphragm, fetal ascites and severe nonimmune hydrops can be observed. In the absence of a congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, the antenatal diagnosis of tracheal agenesis is difficult. Tracheal agenesis should be suspected in the presence of an unexplained polyhydramnios associated with congenital malformations. The fetal airway exploration should then be systematically performed by fetal thoracic magnetic resonance imaging. A case of Floyd’s type II tracheal agenesis, detected during the postnatal period, is reported here. The retrospective reexamination of fetal magnetic resonance images showed that the antenatal diagnosis would have been easy if a systematical examination of upper airways had been performed. Prenatal diagnosis of tracheal agenesis is possible with fetal MRI but the really challenge is to think about this pathology.

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Tubocutaneous Fistula

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2015/104360 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Krishnaveni Nayini ◽

Clive Gie

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Fistulous Tract ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Child Birth ◽

The Right

Introduction. Tubocutaneous fistula is a very rare condition; most cases described in the literature are secondary to endometriosis, tuberculosis, and complications of child birth and gynecological operations.Case Presentation. We report a case of 40-year-old woman who presented with tubocutaneous fistula secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease which was diagnosed in the setting of persistent discharging wound in the right groin.Conclusion. Tubocutaneous fistula is a rare condition. Salpingectomy and resection of fistulous tract is the treatment of choice as is treating the underlying cause. Early diagnosis and treatment of these patients are essential for avoiding long term complications.

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Extensive Extraneural Metastases of Cerebral Glioblastoma in a Pediatric Patient: An Extreme Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000515348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kadir Oktay ◽

Dogu Cihan Yildirim ◽

Arbil Acikalin ◽

Kerem Mazhar Ozsoy ◽

Nuri Eralp Cetinalp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Extreme Case ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Extraneural Metastases

Introduction: Extraneural metastases of glioblastoma are very rare clinical entities, especially in pediatric patients. Because of their rarity, they can be confused with other pathological processes. Case Presentation: We report a case of 16-year-old boy with extensive extraneural metastases of glioblastoma. Lung, liver, cervical lymph nodes, skin, and bone metastases were detected in the patient. Conclusion: We describe the presentation, evaluation, and diagnosis of this rare condition with regard to pertinent literature.

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Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum with duodenal diverticulosis in an elderly patient: a case report

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s40792-019-0769-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takeshi Ueda ◽

Tetsuya Tanaka ◽

Takashi Yokoyama ◽

Tomomi Sadamitsu ◽

Suzuka Harada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Exploratory Laparotomy ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Free Air ◽

Spontaneous Pneumoperitoneum ◽

Upper Abdominal ◽

Emergent Laparotomy

Abstract Background Pneumoperitoneum commonly occurs as a result of a viscus perforation and usually presents with peritoneal signs requiring emergent laparotomy. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is a rare condition characterized by intraperitoneal gas with no clear etiology. Case presentation We herein report a case in which conservative treatment was achieved for an 83-year-old male patient with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum that probably occurred due to duodenal diverticulosis. He had stable vital signs and slight epigastric discomfort without any other signs of peritonitis. A chest radiograph and computed tomography showed that a large amount of free gas extended into the upper abdominal cavity. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal diverticulosis but no perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum, and conservative treatment was selected. His medical course was uneventful, and pneumoperitoneum disappeared after 6 months. Conclusion In the management of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum, recognition of this rare condition and an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms and clinical imaging might contribute to reducing the performance of unnecessary laparotomy. However, in uncertain cases with peritoneal signs, spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is difficult to differentiate from free air resulting from gastrointestinal perforation and emergency exploratory laparotomy should be considered for these patients.

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Case report: Diagnosis and emergency surgery on a young patient with extensive aortic dissection without any risk factors

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02216-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Shafiee ◽

Mohsen Shafiee ◽

Noorollah Tahery ◽

Omid Azadbakht ◽

Zeinab Nassari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Case Presentation ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Type A aortic dissection is a very dangerous, fatal, and emergency condition for surgery. Acute aortic dissection is a rare condition, such that many patients will not survive without reconstructive surgery. Case presentation We present a case 24-year-old male who came with symptoms of shortness of breath and cough. The patient underwent ECG, chest radiology, and ultrasound, where the patient was found to have right pleural effusion while his ECG was normal. In the history taken from the patient, he had no underlying disease, no history of heart diseases in his family. For a better diagnosis, ETT and aortic CT angiography was performed on the patient which confirmed the evidence of dissection. Immediately after the diagnosis, necessary arrangements were made for open heart surgery and the patient was prepared for surgery. The patient was admitted in the cardiac surgery ICU for 5 days and his medication was carefully administered. After the conditions were stabilized, the patient was transferred to the post-cardiac surgery ICU ward. The patient was discharged from the hospital one week after the surgery and returned to the office as an OPD one week after his discharge. Conclusion Various risk factors can play a role in creating aortic dissection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to patients’ history for achieving a quick and definitive diagnosis. Therefore, to control the complications of placing the cannula as well as the duration of the surgery, it is very important to reduce the duration of pumping on the patient and to be very careful during the cannula placement.

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Lobectomy for lung cancer with a displaced left B1 + 2 and an anomalous pulmonary vein: a case report

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽

10.1186/s13019-021-01392-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shinichi Sakamoto ◽

Hiromitsu Takizawa ◽

Naoya Kawakita ◽

Akira Tangoku

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

Rare Condition ◽

3D Ct ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Anomalous Pulmonary Vein

Abstract Background A displaced left B1 + 2 accompanied by an anomalous pulmonary vein is a rare condition involving complex structures. There is a risk of unexpected injuries to bronchi and blood vessels when patients with such anomalies undergo surgery for lung cancer. Case presentation A 59-year-old male with suspected lung cancer in the left lower lobe was scheduled to undergo surgery. Chest computed tomography revealed a displaced B1 + 2 and hyperlobulation between S1 + 2 and S3, while the interlobar fissure between S1 + 2 and S6 was completely fused. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) revealed an anomalous V1 + 2 joining the left inferior pulmonary vein and a branch of the V1 + 2 running between S1 + 2 and S6. We performed left lower lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery, while taking care with the abovementioned anatomical structures. The strategy employed in this operation was to preserve V1 + 2 and confirm the locations of B1 + 2 and B6 when dividing the fissure. Conclusion The aim of the surgical procedure performed in this case was to divide the fissure between S1 + 2 and the inferior lobe to reduce the risk of an unexpected bronchial injury. 3D-CT helps surgeons to understand the stereoscopic positional relationships among anatomical structures.

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McCune-Albright Syndrome with Exophthalmos: A Case Report

10.21203/rs.2.83/v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jinrong Zhao ◽

Jinguo Yu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Fibrous Dysplasia ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Skeletal Deformity ◽

Mccune Albright Syndrome ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Fibrous Dysplasia Of Bone ◽

Albright Syndrome ◽

Mccune Albright

Abstract Background: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease defined by the triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, skin spots, and precocious puberty. No available treatment is effective in changing the course of fibrous dysplasia of bone, but symptomatic patients require the rapeutic support to reduce bone pain and prevent fractures and deformities.we reported 1 case of McCune-Albright syndrome with exophthalmos in clinical practice. Case presentation:A 35-year-old female was admitted to our hospital who complained about “skin pigmentation for 35 years, vaginal bleeding for 30 years and progressive skeletal deformity for 28 years and exophthalmos for 2 years. And after the examination, she was been diagnosed with“McCune-Albright syndrome with exophthalmos”.We highlighted the pathogenesis and development of the disease in this rare condition. Conclusion: McCune-Albright syndrome with exophthalmos due to multiple fibrous dysplasia is rare but can be seen in clinical practice.

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Female with Vaginal Bleeding

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine ◽

10.5811/cpcem.2020.8.48627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 636-637

Author(s):

Mark Quilon ◽

Alec Glucksman ◽

Gregory Emmanuel ◽

Josh Greenstein ◽

Barry Hahn

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Emergency Physician ◽

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Point Of Care ◽

First Trimester ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

Case Presentation

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old pregnant female presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding. A point-of-care ultrasound demonstrated a calcified yolk sac. Discussion: When identified, calcification of the yolk sac in the first trimester is a sign of fetal demise. It is important for an emergency physician to be aware of the various signs and findings on point-of-care ultrasound and be familiar with the management of these pathologies.

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