scholarly journals Incidence of Malocclusion among Young Patients with Gingival Recessions—A Cross-Sectional Observational Pilot Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Darius Tomina ◽  
Smaranda Buduru ◽  
Cristian Mihail Dinu ◽  
Andreea Kui ◽  
Cătălina Dee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Anterior Guidance ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Gingival Phenotype ◽  
Mandibular Movements

Background and Objectives: Dental occlusion and gingival recession have been studied over the past years especially because of the increasing incidence of occlusal interferences in young patients. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate any association between occlusal dysfunctions and gingival recessions. Data on gingival phenotype and previous orthodontic treatment were also collected to assess any correlation with the presence of gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy subjects, without signs of periodontitis and with gingival recessions, were included in the study. The following parameters were determined: location and extent of the gingival recession, gingival phenotype and functional occlusion by means of observing and registering the occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation position, protrusive and lateral guidance. Results: Premolars were mostly affected in cases of working-side interferences during lateral guidance (71.19% of the affected teeth during left and 75% during right mandibular movements). The chi-squared exact test applied for the analysis of contingency tables revealed statistically significant associations between excursive interferences during lateral guidance and anterior guidance and the presence of gingival recession on the involved group of teeth. Conclusions: The results suggest that most gingival recessions might be associated with working-side interferences, the highest number of gingival recessions being associated with active interferences during lateral guidance.

scholarly journals Association of Visual Defects and Occlusal Molar Class in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Caruso ◽  
Roberto Gatto ◽  
Mario Capogreco ◽  
Alessandro Nota
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the presence of any correlations between dysfunctions related to visual impairments and dental occlusion. Methods. The test group included 34 subjects (21 males and 13 females; mean age 11 ± 2 years) randomly selected with the following inclusion criteria: absence of any diagnosis for problems at visual level except those related to refractive defects, visual acuity of at least 1.0, absence of any syndrome or malformation in the craniofacial area, good general health, and absence of any systemic disease able to influence the vision or the craniofacial growth. They underwent visual clinical tests to evaluate the presence of fusional vergence defects and amplitude. Each patient underwent an orthodontic clinical exam and the occlusal molar relationship of each subject was recorded and considered as occlusal variable. A statistical analysis with Chi-Squared test was performed in order to analyze the associations between the visual defects and the occlusal variable. Results. A statistically significant association between the molar occlusal relationship and the occurrence of exodeviations was observed. The percentage of subjects presenting fusional amplitudes with convergence lower of the cut-off value was statistically significantly higher in the group of occlusal molar second class. Conclusions. The results obtained show that there is an association between occlusal second molar class and fusional vergence defects.

scholarly journals Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

scholarly journals Self-medication among participants of an Open University of the Third Age and associated factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Adriana Nancy Medeiros dos Santos ◽  
Dulcinéia Rebecca Cappelletti Nogueira ◽  
Caroline Ribeiro de Borja-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Open University ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Articular Pain

Abstract Objective: to identify the prevalence of self-medication, the therapeutic classes used without medical prescription, the symptoms treated with such medication and associated factors among participants of an Open University of the Third Age (OU3A). Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out, the sample of which was composed of 138 OU3A attendees. To estimate the association between the variables, prevalence ratios (PR), confidence intervals (95% CI), the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: the majority were aged 60-69 years (61.6%), were female (75.4%), had a health plan (63%) and claimed to self-medicate (59.4%, 95% CI, 0-64.8). The most frequently mentioned therapeutic classes were analgesics (31.9%), muscle relaxants (13.8%), anti-inflammatories (13.0%) and first-generation antihistamines (7.2%). The most commonly reported self-medication symptoms were muscle and joint pain (21.0%), headaches (10.1%) and colds and flu (8.7%). There was a significant association (p = 0.049) among those who self-medicated more frequently and anti-inflammatory use (PR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.10-1.99). The complaint of muscular and articular pain exhibited a significant association with the diagnosis of arthrosis (p = 0.003, RP = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.07-6.76) and hypothyroidism (p = 0.002, RP = 2.77 ; 95% CI = 1.50-5.10). Conclusion: the most frequently mentioned reasons for self-medicating were previous experience using the drug and the certainty that it is safe. Most of the above medications are potentially inappropriate for the elderly. However, the elderly consider them safe and are unaware of the risks to which they expose them. They may also be unaware that pain treated by self-medication may be related to pre-existing diseases, which require the appropriate professional and treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Level of Awareness about the Transmission of Echinococcosis and Toxocariasis between Pet Owners and Non-Pet Owners in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kantarakia ◽  
Maria E. Tsoumani ◽  
Antonis Galanos ◽  
Alexander G. Mathioudakis ◽  
Eleni Giannoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Chi Squared

Ζoonotic parasitic diseases that can occur through animal contact pose risks to pets, their owners and to their bond. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about zoonoses, specifically echinococcosis and toxocariasis, among cat/dog owners and non-pet owners in Greece. Multiple-choice questionnaires were designed to obtain data regarding the knowledge of pet and non-pet owners on echinococcosis and toxocariasis, including signs and symptoms of these zoonoses, ways of transmission and precautions that need to be taken into account in order to avoid it. A total of 185 questionnaires were retrieved and data was expressed as absolute (Ν) and relative frequencies (%). Associations between pet ownership, residence and outcome variables were evaluated using the Fisher exact test and Chi-squared test, respectively. Multifactorial linear regression analysis was used to investigate the cross-sectional association between demographic characteristics and the awareness of helminthic zoonoses. All tests were two-sided and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Our study revealed a disturbing lack of awareness of echinococcosis and toxocariasis (mean zoonotic knowledge score 8.11 ± 3.18) independently of pet ownership. Surprisingly, in some cases the ignorance of pet owners exceeded that of non-pet owners. Given the progressive impact of toxocariasis in public health and the high prevalence of echinococcosis in the Mediterranean region, measures should be taken to inform people about zoonoses and eliminate their putative transmission.

scholarly journals Prognostic Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Meningioma: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ahmad Sharifuddin ◽  
Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif ◽  
Hasnan Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor in adults. In addition to the extent of tumor surgical resection and WHO grade, angiogenesis is a prognostic factor that is influenced by MMP-2. Our study examined the association of these prognostic factors with MMP-2 expression in meningioma. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with meningioma between January 2008 and December 2017 was conducted. All samples were re-reviewed and subjected to immunohistochemical staining for Ki67, MMP-2, and CD34. Pearson’s chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used to examine the association of MMP-2 expression with the WHO grade and microvascular density (MVD). Results: The study included 99 patients aged 23–75. Most patients were female (73.7%). This study included 85 cases of low-grade meningioma (grade I) and 14 cases of high-grade meningioma (grade II, 11; grade III, 3). The most common subtypes were meningothelial, transitional, and fibroblastic. In total, 62 of 85 patients with low-grade meningioma and 10 of 14 patients with high-grade meningioma exhibited high MMP-2 expression, and the difference in the rates between the groups was not significant. Most patients in this study displayed MVD scores of 1+ (54/99) and 2+ (33/99). Of the 54 patients with an MVD score of 1+, 42 exhibited high MMP-2 expression. MMP-2 was expressed by all patients with meningioma. Conclusion: In the future, more samples are required, in high-grade tumors, to prevent bias, and more specific immunohistochemical markers should be used to evaluate angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and co-infection of schistosomiasis/hepatitis B among rural populations in endemic areas in Hubei, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zhang ◽  
Yaofei Xie ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Xuyu Chen ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and schistosomiasis are important public health problems in China. Concurrent infection between HBV and schistosomiasis is often observed in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis and HBV in schistosomiasis-affected areas, to explore whether schistosomiasis patients are more susceptible to HBV and to determine if the prevalence of HBV in high-endemic areas of schistosomiasis is higher than in low-endemic areas. Methods A total of 6526 participants from 13 villages in Hubei province were included in a cross-sectional study and blood samples were collected and examined. Qualitative variables were compared between groups using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Results Of the 6526 participants, the overall prevalence was 8.27% for schistosomiasis and 2.67% for HBV. The prevalence of hepatitis B among participants who were Schistosoma antibody positive (25.37%) was higher than the prevalence in participants who were Schistosoma antibody negative (0.62%; χ2=1169.358, p&lt;0.001, odds ratio 54.659). We also observed that there was no difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B between males and females in areas where schistosomiasis was endemic (χ2=1.827, p=0.177), but the prevalence of hepatitis B in middle-aged people was higher than in other age groups (χ2=47.877, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions There was an association between schistosomiasis and HBV infection. However, more work is needed to find the causal relationship between schistosomiasis and HBV infection.

scholarly journals Point prevalence survey of antibiotic consumption across three hospitals in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah ◽  
Kwame Ohene Buabeng ◽  
Alex Owusu-Ofori ◽  
Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng ◽  
Katri Hämeen-Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract Background Actionable data on antimicrobial use is important when planning strategic interventions such as antimicrobial stewardship to address the challenge of drug resistance, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Objectives To assess the prevalence of antibiotic use, the pattern of commonly used antibiotics and patient factors that may be associated with the increased use of antibiotics in the study hospitals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using the WHO Methodology for Point Prevalence Surveys in hospitals. Chi-squared analysis, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were employed to analyse statistically the data obtained. Results The overall prevalence of antibiotic use in the hospitals was 60.5%. The commonest indications for antibiotic recommendations were community-acquired infections (36.5%), surgical prophylaxis (26.1%) and hospital-acquired infections (15.7%), among others. Very few (2.7%) of the patients had their samples taken for culture and susceptibility testing to guide therapy. Penicillins (48.7%), cephalosporins (23.5%) and fluoroquinolones (17.4%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Concurrent malaria infection [adjusted OR (AOR) 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.94, P = 0.04] and increasing age (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.02) were associated with lower risk of antibiotic use. Conclusions The prevalence of antibiotic consumption in the hospitals was lower than that reported in similar studies in Ghana, but high relative to some reports from high-income countries. Most antibiotic therapy was empirical and not guided by culture and susceptibility testing. There is the need for application of the WHO AWaRe classification for the selection of antibiotics and increased use of culture and susceptibility data to guide infectious disease therapy.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Continued Occurrence of Chorioretinopathy in Working Sheep Dogs in New Zealand in 2010

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Adam B. O’Connell ◽  
A. Craig Irving ◽  
Paul L. Hughes ◽  
Naomi Cogger ◽  
Boyd R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
South West ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Relationship

A study in conducted 1987 by Hughes et al., found that 39% of working sheep dogs had multifocal retinitis. One of the identified causes was ocular larval migrans, which were a result of migrating ascarid larvae. Since that paper was published, anthelmintic use in farm dogs has been highly recommended. There has been no follow-up study to determine if fundic lesions are still present. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chorioretinopathy in working sheep dogs in the South-West, Waikato, New Zealand. This was a cross-sectional study of 184 working sheep dogs and 51 owners, undertaken in 2010 with owners sampled from New Zealand’s South-West Waikato and Tux North Island Dog Trial Championship. Two-way tables were used to explore the relationship between variables. Significance of association was assessed using a Chi-squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Overall prevalence of chorioretinopathy in the working sheep dogs was 44/184 (24%). A significantly higher prevalence of chorioretinopathy was shown in dogs with increasing age, from 2 years to >8 years (p = 0.0007) and in males (p < 0.0001). This study concluded that lesions of chorioretinopathy are still present in working sheep dogs in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Work accidents and self-esteem of nursing professional in hospital settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Valverde Marques dos Santos ◽  
Flávia Ribeiro Martins Macedo ◽  
Luiz Almeida da Silva ◽  
Zelia Marilda Rodrigues Resck ◽  
Denismar Alves Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Work Accidents

Abstract Objective: to analyze the occurrence of work accidents and the self-esteem of nurses in hospitals of a municipality of Minas Gerais. Method: descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study developed with 393 nursing professionals from three hospitals of a municipality in southern Minas Gerais. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a questionnaire to characterize the population and work accidents were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using Person's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, Cronbach's alpha, odds ratio and logistic regression. Results: of the professionals studied, 15% had suffered an accident at work and 70.2% presented high self-esteem. Through the analysis, it was observed that smoking, religious belief and an outstanding event in the career were significantly associated with work accidents. In relation to self-esteem, family income, length of time working in the profession and an outstanding event in the career presented significant associations. Conclusion: factors such as smoking, religious belief, family income, length of time working in the profession and an outstanding event in the career can cause professionals to have accidents and/or cause changes in self-esteem, which can compromise their physical and mental health and their quality of life and work.

scholarly journals Self-medication and adherence to drug treatment: assessment of participants of the Universidade do Envelhecer (the University of Aging) program

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Antonio Leonardo de Freitas Garcia ◽  
Andréia Naomi Madoz Kaya ◽  
Eduardo Antonio Ferreira ◽  
Eliana Fortes Gris ◽  
Dayani Galato
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Aging Program ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The University ◽  
Continuous Use

Abstract Objectives : to evaluate the use of medication (for continuous use and self-medication) and adherence to treatment among elderly and non-elderly participants of the Universidade do Envelhecer (UniSer). Method : an observational, quantitative and cross-sectional study, using the interview technique, was carried out at UniSer with 215 subjects. A structured instrument was used for the collection of sociodemographic variables and self-medication data. The 1986 Morisky-Green-Levine Scale (MGL) and the Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) regimen screening tool were used to assess adherence. Descriptive analyzes of the data were performed, and the chi-squared Test and Fisher’s Exact Test were applied to evaluate the association between variables of interest. Results : of the participants, 127 (59.1%) were elderly (< 60 years old), of whom 81.9% were women. Regarding self-medication, 22.9% of elderly and 21.7% of non-elderly persons practiced it in the previous seven days (p=0.848), even if they considered it dangerous (p=0.472). A total of 45.8% of the elderly and 55.6% of the non-elderly irrationally self-medicated within the analyzed period, while 76.4% of the elderly and 64.8% of the non-elderly used medications of continuous use (p=0.063). A total of 78.8% of the elderly and 76.1% of the non-elderly were not adherent to treatment (p=0.719) according to the MGL scale, while the BMQ Regimen Screen found that 36.7% of the elderly and 41.1% of the non-elderly were not adherent (p=0.595). Conclusion : these findings demonstrate that there were no significant differences between the groups studied and health education actions should be carried out with an emphasis on guidelines on adherence and the rational use of medicines.

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