Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Air(Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) SecaraIn Vitro

Cholesterol is a natural substance that has physical properties similar to fat but has the formula steroids. Cholesterol belongs to the non-hydrolyzed lipid group and is the main sterol in body tissues. When cholesterol levels increase, it can cause blockages in blood vessels. Several studies have explained that one of the compounds that can reduce cholesterol is flavonoid compounds, one of the plants containing flavonoid compounds is guava leaf (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston). The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and percent reduction in cholesterol levels and the EC50 value of the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 665 nm. Anticholesterol activity analysis was carried out using Lieberman-Burchard reagent with a test solution series of 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 ppm. The results showed that the greater the concentration, the lower the absorbance produced and the higher the percent reduction in cholesterol levels. At a concentration of 750 ppm cholesterol decreased by 58.74%. And the obtained EC50 value of 462 ppm, which means at that concentration the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) can reduce 50% of the initial cholesterol.Keywords:Cholesterol, Guava leaf, In Vitro, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis, Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston. AbstrakKolesterol merupakan suatu zat alami yang memiliki sifat fisik hampir sama dengan lemak tetapi memiliki rumus steroida. Kolesterol adalah sterol utama yang ada pada jaringan tubuh dan termasuk dalam golongan lipid yang tidak terhidrolisis. Apabila kadar kolesterol mengalami kenaikan, dapat menyebabkan penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah. Dari beberapa penelitian dijelaskan bahwa salah satu senyawa yang dapat menurunkan kolesterol adalah flavonoid, salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid adalah daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterol serta nilai EC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 665 nm. Analisis aktivitas antikolesterol dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi Lieberman-Burchard dengan seri larutan sampeli 150; 300; 450; 600; dan 750 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar konsentrasi, absorbansi yang dihasilkan adalah semakin rendah dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterolnya semakin tinggi. Pada konsentrasi 750 ppm terjadi penurunan kolesterol sebesar 58,74%. Dan diperoleh nilai EC50 sebesar 462 ppm yang artinya pada konsentrasi tersebut ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) dapat menurunkan 50% dari kolesterol awal.Kata kunci: Daun jambu air;Kolesterol;In Vitro;Spektrofotometri UV-Vis;Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston

Effectiveness of Guava Leaf Steep water against the bacterial growth of S. Mutans with Microdillution Method

Indonesia is famously known for its rich plant biodiversity with medicinal properties. Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is one of medicinal plants which can be used as alternative for treating diseases. Guava leaf contains flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, that can act as inhibitors against bacteria, antioxidants, and antibacterial. Numerous dental and oral diseases are caused by bacteria, one of which is dental caries. Principally, dental caries can be prevented by maintaining the oral cavity hygiene, chemically or mechanically, using antiseptics possessing antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of guava leaves steep water against S. Mutans bacterium using microdilution method. The aim also included the investigation of inhibition concentration of guava leaves steep water. This research was experimental in nature, by using the guava leaves steep water as the sample with various concentrations (0.753%, 1.563%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%). S. Mutans was obtained from the laboratory of veterinary Universitas Syiah Kuala (Unsyiah). The results of this research revealed that the guava leaves steep water was effective in inhibiting S. Mutans with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 6.25% In conclusion, we would like to investigate the guava leaves steep water as a mouthwash in our research with a preclinical trial.

Sustainable Education with Local-Wisdom Based Natural Reagent for Green Chemical Analysis with a Smart Device: Experiences in Thailand

To minimize chemical waste and protect the environment, our team has used green analysis with natural reagents. In this work, we designed a natural-reagent assay kit for iron determination and implemented it in chemistry education in Thailand. The iron assay method was adapted from Thai local wisdom of testing water quality using guava leaves. The guava leaf powder served as a natural reagent in the assay. The kit included equipment, standard and buffer solutions and a manual. A smart device with a built-in camera was used as a detector. Educators in six universities in Thailand implemented the kit in laboratories with modifications depending on their learning outcomes. The kit implementation was evaluated using a survey with questions in four aspects: usability, learning achievement, green chemistry and portability. The high average scores for all questions (> 4.00 of 5.00 points), with the average overall score of 4.53 ± 0.60, indicated satisfaction regarding in all aspects. Using a locally available bio-resource as a natural reagent for green analysis in chemistry education supported sustainable education in Thailand, in terms of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and environmental sustainability (SDG 6—Clean water and sanitation, 12—Responsible consumption and production and 14—Life be-low water).

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Guava Leaf on Hypercholesterolemia-Diabetes of White Rats Male Induced by High Fat Feed and Streptozotocin

This study aims to determine the effect of guava leaf extract (Psidiium guajava L) on hypercholesterolemia-diabetes and the effective dose for reducing cholesterol and blood glucose levels. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 rats divided into 6 test animals. the treatment group, each group consisted of 5 rats. Group I was normal control, group II negative control was given Na-CMC suspension, group III positive control was given simvastatin group IV dose 150 mg / kg BW, group V dose 250 mg / kg BW and group VI dose 350 mg / kg BW. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves had an effect on reducing blood glucose levels of male white rats with an effective dose of 250mg / kg BW with an average reduction of 119 mg/dL and effectively reduce cholesterol levels at a dose of 150 mg /kg BW with an average reduction of 28,33 mg/dL.

THE APPLICATION OF GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT (Psidium guajava Linnaeus) AS IMMUNOSTIMULANT OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) INFECTED BY MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA

This study aims to analyze the effect of the various concentration of guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava Linnaeus) on the prevention of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). In a total of 150 common carp, length 9-11 cm with a density of 10 carps/aquarium. This study used a completely randomized design through 5 treatments, each treatment has 3 replications, namely (K+) consists of without guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts and without bacteria-infection Aeromonas hydrophila, (K-) consists of without guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts with bacteria-infection Aeromonas hydrophila, (A) the application of 125 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts, (B) the application of 250 ppm guava leaf extracts, (C) the application of 500 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts for 23 days. The parameters observed total of leukocytes, differensial leukocytes, hematocrit levels, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, phagocytic activity (AF), phagocytic index (IF), relative percent survival (RPS), survival rate (SR) and water quality. Data were analyzed with Anova 95% confidence interval and continued with Duncan test. The parameter also showed a significant result (P<0,05) with the application of guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts to the total leukocytes, differensial leukocytes, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and relative percent survival. The results of this research indicate the concentration of 250 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts is the optimum application to increase common carp non-spesific immune responses.

The Potential Treatment of Guava Leaf (Psidium guajava Linn.) For Diarrhea in Children

Diarrhea is one of the common health problems which is causes death in children especially in a developed country. Not everybody can access the diarrhea treatment suggested by WHO. Some people decided to utilize alternative treatment, such as the medicinal plant in their environment. It is cheaper and easier to get. One of herb plant that uses is guava leaf (Psiidium guajava Linn.). It contains some active ingredients such as quercetin, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols which have the potential to antidiarrheal activity. To date no death or unusual behavior reported. Guava leaf (Psiidium guajava Linn.) extract can be provided as potential antidiarrheal in children.

Tannins Compound In Soga Tingi Bark (Ceriops Tagal) As Natural Dyes

<p>In general, natural dyes for textile materials are obtained from extracts part of the plants such as roots, wood, leaves, seeds, and flower. Textile industry especially batik craftsman, have known many plants that can dye textile materials, such as indigo (<em>indigofera</em><em>)</em>, soga tingi bark (<em>Ceriops tagal</em><em>)</em>, tegeran wood (<em>Cudraina javanensis</em><em>)</em>, turmeric (<em>Curcuma</em>), tea (<em>The</em>), noni root (<em>Morinda citrifelia</em>), soga jambal bark <em>(Pelthophorum ferruginum</em>), kesumba (<em>Bixa orelana</em>), and guava leaf (<em>Psidiumguajava</em>). Soga tingi bark chosen because it can produce tannins which can be used as natural dyes. The purpose of this research was to obtained tannin content in soga tingi bark as qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis carried out is FTIR and HPLC method. FTIR analysis carried out to determine of the compounds contained in the soga tingi bark extraction. Based on FTIR analysis it can be seen that there are O-H and N-H group in the wavenumber 3375,13 cm^-1. C=O bond at wavenumber 1739,16 cm^-1. C=C bond at wavenumber 1624,31 cm^-1. C-H bond at wavenumbers 2970,72 cm^-1, 1456,39 cm^-1, and 1365,74 cm^-1. NO₂ bond at wavenumber 1365,74 cm^-1. C-N bond at wavenumbers 1228,69 cm^-1 and 1217,34 cm^-1. And C-O bond at wavenumbers 1228,69 cm^-1, 1217,34 cm^-1, and 1052,3 cm^-1. While HPLC analysis carried out to determine contains tannin level in the soga tingi bark extraction. HPLC conditions used are Flowrate: 1 mL/min, Mobile phase: MeOH : H₂O (50:50), λ: 271 nm and Column: C18, 250 mm. Based on HPLC analysis it is known that the contains tannin level in the soga tingi bark extraction is 22,44 ppm.</p>

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS EMBRIO, DAYA TETAS, DAN SALEABLE ITIK HIBRIDA

This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion of hybrid duck eggs using guava leaf extract at different concentrations on embryo mortality, hatchability, and saleable duck. The research was conducted in March - April 2020. Guava leaf extract was made at the Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The dyeing and hatching treatments were carried out in Hajimena Village, Natar District, South Lampung. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, namely without immersing guava leaf extract (P0), immersing with guava leaf extract concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3). The results showed that the percentage of embryo mortality without dyeing and immersing guava leaf extract concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% were 40.00%, 24.00%, 16.00%, and 28.00%, respectively. Hatchability of hybrid duck eggs in the treatment without immersion and immersion in guava leaf extract concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% were 60.00, 76.00, 84.00, and 72%, respectively. Saleable duck duck eggs without immersion 93.34% and immersion in guava leaf extract with concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% respectively were 100.00%. It was concluded that immersion of hybrid duck eggs using guava leaf extract at concentrations of 10.00, 20.00, and 30.00% decreased the percentage of mortality, increased hatchability, and increased the salable duck. Keywords: Hybrid duck, Guava leaves extract, Embryonic mortality, Hatchability, Saleable duck

Psidium Guajava L. Extract Against Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Staphylococcus Aureus

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects on the growth of Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria in vitro of antibacterial activity of guayava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) and guavava leaf extract impact on the growth of staphylococcus Aureus bacteria at different laboratory concentrations. In this experiment, S. Aureus bacteria are being treated to guava leaf extract to identify the lowest inhibitory power for well techniques, and the results have been recorded. The Guava leaf extract (Psidium Guajava L) against Staphylococcus aureus was found to have an inhibitory zone diameter of mm in the absence of tetracycline, and DMSO as a negative control. Findings were observed using the disk diffusion technique or paper disc with concentrations of 1 percent, 3 percent, 5 percent, and 7 percent. Saponins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids found in guava leaves are responsible for their antibacterial effects. Saponins have the potential to disturb the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. This results in bacterial cell membrane destruction, releasing essential components from the cell

Preparation of Anti-immunodeficiency pills by the Herbal solution

Background: In Indian medical treatments, the extracts from plants and leaves played major role in pharmaceuticals drugs. Objective of the present study is to find the anti-immunodeficiency pills by the herbal solution. Methods: Natural medicine in this is to prepare the anti-immunodeficiency tablet from the neem leaf, guava leaf and the high vitamin content pomegranate leaf. The mixed extract of all three leaf phytochemicals and which can use as an anti-immunodeficiency tablet. To extract the ingredients from the leaves the process of infusion has been followed and then the extract converted to powder as per standard procedure. Result and Conclusion: The produced herbal combinations have been characterized by the FTIR, XRD, FESEM with EDAX (EDS) and antimicrobial testing and the results is analysed.