scholarly journals Phase Formation, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg67Ag33 as Potential Biomaterial

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Konrad Kosiba ◽  
Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth ◽  
Sergio Scudino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Equilibrium Phase Diagram ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Equilibrium Phases

The phase and microstructure formation as well as mechanical properties of the rapidly solidified Mg67Ag33 (at. %) alloy were investigated. Owing to kinetic constraints effective during rapid cooling, the formation of equilibrium phases is suppressed. Instead, the microstructure is mainly composed of oversaturated hexagonal closest packed Mg-based dendrites surrounded by a mixture of phases, as probed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A possible non-equilibrium phase diagram is suggested. Mainly because of the fine-grained dendritic and interdendritic microstructure, the material shows appreciable mechanical properties, such as a compressive yield strength and Young’s modulus of 245 ± 5 MPa and 63 ± 2 GPa, respectively. Due to this low Young’s modulus, the Mg67Ag33 alloy has potential for usage as biomaterial and challenges ahead, such as biomechanical compatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial properties are outlined.

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

scholarly journals Ti–Zr–Si–Nb Nanocrystalline Alloys and Metallic Glasses: Assessment on the Structure, Thermal Stability, Corrosion and Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Camelia Gabor ◽  
Daniel Cristea ◽  
Ioana-Laura Velicu ◽  
Tibor Bedo ◽  
Andrea Gatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Input Power ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase

The development of novel Ti-based amorphous or β-phase nanostructured metallic materials could have significant benefits for implant applications, due to improved corrosion and mechanical characteristics (lower Young’s modulus, better wear performance, improved fracture toughness) in comparison to the standardized α+β titanium alloys. Moreover, the devitrification phenomenon, occurring during heating, could contribute to lower input power during additive manufacturing technologies. Ti-based alloy ribbons were obtained by melt-spinning, considering the ultra-fast cooling rates this method can provide. The titanium alloys contain in various proportions Zr, Nb, and Si (Ti60Zr10Si15Nb15, Ti64Zr10Si15Nb11, Ti56Zr10Si15Nb19) in various proportions. These elements were chosen due to their reported biological safety, as in the case of Zr and Nb, and the metallic glass-forming ability and biocompatibility of Si. The morphology and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while the structural features (crystallinity, phase attribution after devitrification (after heat treatment)) were assessed by X-ray diffraction. Some of the mechanical properties (hardness, Young’s modulus) were assessed by instrumented indentation. The thermal stability and crystallization temperatures were measured by differential thermal analysis. High-intensity exothermal peaks were observed during heating of melt-spun ribbons. The corrosion behavior was assessed by electrocorrosion tests. The results show the potential of these alloys to be used as materials for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Processing and properties of Ti-15Zr-15Mo-(1-3)Ag alloys for applications as biofunctional materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuliene Elen Torrento ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini ◽  
Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Silver Addition ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Arc Melting

Titanium (Ti) is employed as a biomaterial because of its superior biocompatibility and favorable mechanical properties that can be changed with the addition of alloying elements, such as zirconium and molybdenum. Silver is an alloying element recognized for its antibacterial action, which can improve the mechanical strength and decrease Young’s modulus of Ti. This work studies the effect of silver addition (1 and 3 wt%) on the crystalline structure, microstructure, Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus of Ti-15Zr-15Mo (wt%) alloy, targeting for a potential application as a biofunctional material. The ingots were produced by argon arc melting and subsequently subjected to a heat treatment of homogenization, hot-rolling and solubilization heat treatment. Chemical composition indicated good quality on the processing of the alloy. Crystalline structure and microstructure analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed only titanium’s β phase. Finally, mechanical properties studied by Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus measurements presented that the addition of low content of silver did not significantly modify the alloy’s mechanical properties, but it can include antibacterial properties on the bulk.

Investigation of the Influence of Ti-Nb Alloy Composition on the Structure of the Ingots Produced by Arc Melting

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Sharkeev ◽  
Zhanna G. Kovalevskaya ◽  
Qi Fang Zhu ◽  
Margarita A. Khimich ◽  
Evgeniy A. Parilov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Α Phase

The results of investigation of the structure, physical and mechanical properties of the Ti-Nb alloy ingots with different composition obtained by arc melting are presented. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses were used. Microhardness was measured and the Young’s modulus of the alloys was evaluated. When the content of niobium in the alloy changes from 10 to 40 mass.%, phase composition of the alloy varies from α-and α'-phase (10 mass.% of Nb) to α'-, α''- and β-phases (25 mass.% of Nb), to the β-phase (40 mass.% of Nb). The alloy containing 40 mass.% Nb has the lowest Young’s modulus.

Stress Transfer Analyses In Cellulose Nanofiber/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites With X-Ray Diffraction And Investigation On Effects of Chemical Interaction Between Cellulose Nanofiber And Montmorillonite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
Sunichi Mori ◽  
Takuya Ohashi ◽  
Takashi Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Cellulose nanofiber is one of the promising materials for its eco-friendliness as well as high mechanical performance and high functionalities. Nanocomposites with cellulose nanofiber matrixes and inorganic nanofillers also possess more excellent mechanical properties by the reinforcement effects of the nanofillers. The mechanical reinforcement effects depend in a large part on the interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the cellulose matrixes and the dispersion of the nanofiller in the nanocomposites. The quantitative evaluation of the reinforcement effects is insufficient, which is desired for the material design of industrial use of the cellulose composites. In this study, we used nanocomposites of cellulose nanofibers and montmorillonite with various surface properties. Their mechanical properties were investigated through tensile tests and the stress transfer to the nanofillers in nanocomposites with various combinations of cellulose nanofibers and nanofillers was analyzed through the X-ray diffraction method. The strong correlation between Young’s modulus and stress transfer coefficients was revealed. In particular, the composites of TEMPO-oxide cellulose nanofiber and ion-exchanged montmorillonite possessed not only the highest Young’s modulus but also the largest stress transfer coefficients. The large mechanical reinforcement effect of the loaded montmorillonite filler was observed and was attributed to the electrostatic interaction of the interface between the cellulose matrix and the montmorillonite filler.

scholarly journals The Effect of Interface Morphology on the Electro-Mechanical Properties of Ti/Cu Clad Composites Produced by Explosive Welding

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 750-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Paul ◽  
Wojciech Skuza ◽  
Robert Chulist ◽  
Magdalena Miszczyk ◽  
Aleksander Gałka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Phase Diagram ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
The Waves

Abstract The effect of interfacial microstructure on the electro-mechanical properties of explosively welded titanium and copper plates is discussed. Mechanical testing proved that using detonation velocities ranging from 2000 to 3000 m s−1 and stand-off distances from 1.5 to 9.0 mm, joints that satisfy the strength criteria for a good quality clad were produced. Scanning electron microscopy images show that all interfaces exhibit a wave character. It was noticed that as the stand-off distances and detonation velocities increase, the amplitude and period of the waves, as well as the quantity of the melt zones, increase as well. Also, as the interface waviness and volume fraction of the melt zones increase, the resistivity increases substantially. The experimental data demonstrate that the bonding between both metals is always achieved by surface melting of several tenths of a nanometer, which can be detected only by transmission electron microscopy. Most of the phases that form within the melt zones do not appear in the equilibrium phase diagram and show an amorphous/nano-grained structure. Only a very small amount of equilibrium phases such as CuTi3, Cu3Ti, Cu4Ti3 was revealed employing synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals X-ray Diffraction Analysis and Williamson-Hall Method in USDM Model for Estimating More Accurate Values of Stress-Strain of Unit Cell and Super Cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite, Confirmed by Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Test

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Marzieh Rabiei ◽  
Arvydas Palevicius ◽  
Amir Dashti ◽  
Sohrab Nasiri ◽  
Ahmad Monshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulse Echo

Taking into account X-ray diffraction, one of the well-known methods for calculating the stress-strain of crystals is Williamson-Hall (W–H). The W-H method has three models, namely (1) Uniform deformation model (UDM); (2) Uniform stress deformation model (USDM); and (3) Uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The USDM and UDEDM models are directly related to the modulus of elasticity (E). Young’s modulus is a key parameter in engineering design and materials development. Young’s modulus is considered in USDM and UDEDM models, but in all previous studies, researchers used the average values of Young’s modulus or they calculated Young’s modulus only for a sharp peak of an XRD pattern or they extracted Young’s modulus from the literature. Therefore, these values are not representative of all peaks derived from X-ray diffraction; as a result, these values are not estimated with high accuracy. Nevertheless, in the current study, the W-H method is used considering the all diffracted planes of the unit cell and super cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite (HA), and a new method with the high accuracy of the W-H method in the USDM model is presented to calculate stress (σ) and strain (ε). The accounting for the planar density of atoms is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, the ultrasonic pulse-echo test is performed for the validation of the novelty assumptions.

scholarly journals Influence of Beam Power on Young’s Modulus and Friction Coefficient of Ti–Ta Alloys Formed by Electron-Beam Surface Alloying

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Stefan Valkov ◽  
Dimitar Dechev ◽  
Nikolay Ivanov ◽  
Ruslan Bezdushnyi ◽  
Maria Ormanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Surface Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Beam Surface

In this study, we present the results of Young’s modulus and coefficient of friction (COF) of Ti–Ta surface alloys formed by electron-beam surface alloying by a scanning electron beam. Ta films were deposited on the top of Ti substrates, and the specimens were then electron-beam surface alloyed, where the beam power was varied from 750 to 1750 W. The structure of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Young’s modulus was studied by a nanoindentation test. The coefficient of friction was studied by a micromechanical wear experiment. It was found that at 750 W, the Ta film remained undissolved on the top of the Ti, and no alloyed zone was observed. By an increase in the beam power to 1250 and 1750 W, a distinguished alloyed zone is formed, where it is much thicker in the case of 1750 W. The structure of the obtained surface alloys is in the form of double-phase α’and β. In both surface alloys formed by a beam power of 1250 and 1750 W, respectively, Young’s modulus decreases about two times due to different reasons: in the case of alloying by 1250 W, the observed drop is attributed to the larger amount of the β phase, while at 1750 W is it due to the weaker binding forces between the atoms. The results obtained for the COF show that the formation of the Ti–Ta surface alloy on the top of Ti substrate leads to a decrease in the coefficient of friction, where the effect is more pronounced in the case of the formation of Ti–Ta surface alloys by a beam power of 1250 W.

scholarly journals First principles computation of composition dependent elastic constants of omega in titanium alloys: implications on mechanical behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salloom ◽  
S. A. Mantri ◽  
R. Banerjee ◽  
S. G. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Stabilizer Concentration

AbstractFor decades the poor mechanical properties of Ti alloys were attributed to the intrinsic brittleness of the hexagonal ω-phase that has fewer than 5-independent slip systems. We contradict this conventional wisdom by coupling first-principles and cluster expansion calculations with experiments. We show that the elastic properties of the ω-phase can be systematically varied as a function of its composition to enhance both the ductility and strength of the Ti-alloy. Studies with five prototypical β-stabilizer solutes (Nb, Ta, V, Mo, and W) show that increasing β-stabilizer concentration destabilizes the ω-phase, in agreement with experiments. The Young’s modulus of ω-phase also decreased at larger concentration of β-stabilizers. Within the region of ω-phase stability, addition of Nb, Ta, and V (Group-V elements) decreased Young’s modulus more steeply compared to Mo and W (Group-VI elements) additions. The higher values of Young’s modulus of Ti–W and Ti–Mo binaries is related to the stronger stabilization of ω-phase due to the higher number of valence electrons. Density of states (DOS) calculations also revealed a stronger covalent bonding in the ω-phase compared to a metallic bonding in β-phase, and indicate that alloying is a promising route to enhance the ω-phase’s ductility. Overall, the mechanical properties of ω-phase predicted by our calculations agree well with the available experiments. Importantly, our study reveals that ω precipitates are not intrinsically embrittling and detrimental, and that we can create Ti-alloys with both good ductility and strength by tailoring ω precipitates' composition instead of completely eliminating them.

scholarly journals Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy

The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe–O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of etot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young’s modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young’s modulus of about 48–49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.

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