scholarly journals Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy

The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe–O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of etot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young’s modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young’s modulus of about 48–49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.

Investigations on Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Behavior of Aged and Ultrafine Grained Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Hu ◽  
Si Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu He ◽  
Zhen Yang Liu ◽  
Rolf Berghammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

An aged Al-5Zn-1.6Mg alloy with fine η' precipitates was grain refined to ~100 nm grain size by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Microstructure evolution during SPD and mechanical behaviour after SPD of the alloy were characterized by electron microscopy and tensile, compression as well as nanoindentation tests. The influence of η' precipitates on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al-Zn-Mg alloy is discussed with respect to their effect on dislocation configurations and deformation mechanisms during processing of the alloy.

The Structure and the Mechanical Properties of a Newly Fabricated Cellulose-Nanofiber/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 1621 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Yukako Oishi ◽  
Atsushi Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Aspect Ratios

ABSTRACTCellulose nanofibers (Cel-F) were extracted by a simple and harmless Star Burst (SB) method, which produced aqueous cellulose-nanofiber solution just by running original cellulose beads under a high pressure of water in the synthetic SB chamber. By optimizing the SB process conditions, the cellulose nanofibers with high aspect ratios and the small diameter of ∼23 nm were obtained, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the structural analysis of the Cel-F/PVA composite by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the Cel-F were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix. Considering the high molecular compatibility of the cellulose and PVA due to the hydrogen bonding, a good adhesive interface could be expected for the Cel-F and the PVA matrix. The influences of the morphological change in Cel-F on the mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. The Young’s modulus rapidly increased from 2.2 GPa to 2.9 GPa up to 40 SB treatments (represented by the unit Pass), whereas the Young’s modulus remained virtually constant above 40 Pass. Due to the uniform dispersibility of the Cel-F, the Young’s modulus of the 100 Pass composite at the concentration of 5 wt% increased up to 3.2 GPa. The experimental results corresponded well with the general theory of the composites with dispersed short-fiber fillers, which clearly indicated that the potential of the cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement materials for hydrophilic polymers was sufficiently confirmed.

Development of Biomedical Near β Titanium Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Tao Yu ◽  
Gui Wang ◽  
Xi Qun Ma ◽  
Matthew S. Dargusch ◽  
Jian Ye Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alloy Chemistry ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Strength And Plasticity ◽  
Hot Rolled

The effects of alloy chemistry and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-Sn near  type titanium alloys have been investigated. Near β titanium alloys consisting of non-toxic alloying elements Mo, Nb, Zr, Sn possess a low Young’s modulus, and moderate strength and plasticity. As the hot rolled TLM alloy (Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn) possesses high strength and low Young’s modulus a detailed investigation is performed for this alloy. Solution treatment of the hot rolled TLM alloy reduces strength and increases ductility without affecting the Young’s modulus. Ageing of the solution treated TLM alloy reduces elongation and increases the Young’s modulus with little change in strength. Both solution treated and aged conditions show features of two stage yielding associated with a strain induced martensitic transformation.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O Alloy

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Danut Cojocaru ◽  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Alexandru Dan ◽  
Raluca Irimescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Β Phase

The influence of complex thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) on the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O bio-alloy was investigated in this study. The proposed TMP program involves a schema featuring a series of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and solution treatment (STs). The purpose of this study was to find the proper parameter combination for the applied TMP and thus enhance the mechanical strength and diminish the Young’s modulus. The proposed chemical composition of the studied β-type Ti-alloy was conceived from already-appreciated Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys with high β-stability by replacing the expensive Ta with more accessible Fe and O. These chemical additions are expected to better enhance β-stability and thus avoid the generation of ω, α’, and α” during complex TMP, as well as allow for the processing of a single bcc β-phase with significant grain diminution, increased mechanical strength, and a low elasticity value/Young’s modulus. The proposed TMP program considers two research directions of TMP experiments. For comparisons using structural and mechanical perspectives, the two categories of the experimental samples were analyzed using SEM microscopy and a series of tensile tests. The comparison also included some already published results for similar alloys. The analysis revealed the advantages and disadvantages for all compared categories, with the conclusions highlighting that the studied alloys are suitable for expanding the database of possible β-Ti bio-alloys that could be used depending on the specific requirements of different biomedical implant applications.

scholarly journals Texture and Young's Modulus Anisotropy in Nanostructured Copper

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Alexandrov ◽  
V. N. Serebryany ◽  
L. N. Sarvarova ◽  
M. V. Alexandrova ◽  
R. Z. Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

It was shown that in ultrafine-grained nanostructured Cu processed by severe plastic deformation and subjected to cold rolling and annealing, the level and character of Young's modulus anisotropy is significantly different from values corresponding to cold rolled and annealed coarse-grained Cu. The crystallographic texture formation processes are investigated in these states in parallel. The comparative study of the elastic behaviour and crystallographic texture lets us draw conclusions concerning the leading role of not only developing crystallographic texture but a specific defect structure of grain boundaries as well in the formation of unusual elastic properties of ultrafine-grained materials processed by severe plastic deformation.

scholarly journals Engineering and Characterization of Antibacterial Coaxial Nanofiber Membranes for Oil/Water Separation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamouda M. Mousa ◽  
Husain Alfadhel ◽  
Emad Abouel Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes

In the present study, a coaxial nanofiber membrane was developed using the electrospinning technique. The developed membranes were fabricated from hydrophilic cellulose acetate (CA) polymer and hydrophobic polysulfone (PSf) polymer as a core and shell in an alternative way with addition of 0.1 wt.% of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The membranes were treated with a 2M NaOH solution to enhance hydrophilicity and thus increase water separation flux. Chemical and physical characterizations were performed, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and surface wettability was measured by means of water contact angle (WCA), mechanical properties, surface morphology via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microscopy energy dispersive (EDS) mapping and point analysis. The results show higher mechanical properties for the coaxial nanofiber membranes which reached a tensile strength of 7.58 MPa, a Young’s modulus of 0.2 MPa, and 23.4 M J.m−3 of toughness. However, treated mebranes show lower mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.25 MPa, Young’s modulus of 0.01 MPa, and 0.4 M J.m−3 of toughness). In addition, the core and shell nanofiber membranes showed a uniform distribution of coaxial nanofibers. Membranes with ZnO NPs showed a porous structure and elimination of nanofibers after treatment due to the formation of nanosheets. Interestingly, membranes changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic (the WCA changed from 90 ± 8° to 14 ± 2°). Besides that, composite nanofiber membranes with ZnO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the water flux for the modified membranes was improved by 1.6 times compared to the untreated membranes.

Experimental and multiscale quantum mechanics modeling of the mechanical properties of PVC/graphene nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (29) ◽  
pp. 4575-4590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite

In current work, we developed mechanical properties of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)/graphene nanocomposite theoretically and experimentally. In our theoretical model, a multi-scale finite element model was used to predict Young’s modulus of the stated nanocomposite. The molecular structure of pristine graphene was treated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. By assuming graphene as a space-frame structure that preserves the discrete nature of graphene, they were modeled by the use of three-dimensional elastic beam elements for the Carbon-Carbon covalent bonds and point mass elements for the atoms. Then interfacial van der Waals interaction that exists between PVC and graphene was modeled using the general form of Lennard–Jones potential and simulated by a nonlinear truss rod model. The Lennard–Jones parameters and van der Waals forces were determined versus separation distance for the stated nonlinear truss rod via the DFT method. Finally, we prepared PVC/graphene samples with different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets experimentally using the melt-mixing procedure. Our computational modeling demonstrated that the magnitudes of Young’s modulus PVC/graphene were close to the experimentally obtained results until 1 wt% with an average difference of about 25%. Finally, we justified the obtained mechanical results by investigating the morphology of experimental samples using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images.

scholarly journals Structure and Elastic Modulii of Silicon Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Verma ◽  
Keya Dharamvir ◽  
V.K. Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
Silicon Nanotubes

Based on the assumption that sp3 hybridization is more stable in bulk silicon, this study is a step forward in understanding the structures and mechanical properties of silicon nanotubes (SiNT). Using the well tested form of Tersoff potential we have calculated cohesive energy and other parameters for SiNT of various diameters and chiralities. Using this potential, the results obtained for bulk silicon are satisfactory, so we expect that the same potential would work well with SiNT as well. We calculated Young’ modulus and shear modulus for SiNT. Young’s modulus lies in the range of 100- 200 GPa which is about 10-20 times lower than CNT and shear modulus lies between 200-300 GPa. This work shall motivate further theoretical and experimental work in the field of nanostructures.

Investigating the Effect of Stone-Wales Defect on Young Modulus of Armchair Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rezaei Nejad ◽  
M. Ghasemi ◽  
A. Shahabi ◽  
S. M. Mirnouri Langroudi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Effective Elastic Modulus ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Fortran Code ◽  
Wales Defect

Effect of Stone-Wales percentage defect on effective elastic modulus of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is investigated. The Stone-Wales defect is a crystallographic defect that happens in nanotubes and is believed to affect the nanotubes mechanical properties. In order to calculate the mechanical properties of SWCNTs under axial tension, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Morse potential is performed. An in house FORTRAN code is developed and utilized. The Young’s modulus of the perfect SWCNTs and those with different defect percentage is obtained using the classical elasticity theory. It is observed that for low percentage of defect (less than 8%) as the diameter increases the Young’s modulus of SWCNTs slightly increases. However, for high percentage of defect (more than 8%) as diameter increases the Young modulus clearly decreases.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti-Mo-Zr Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
X.N. Zhang ◽  
Peng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zr Alloy

Recently there is increasing demand for the development of new -type titanium with a low elastic modulus for surgical orthopaedic implant applications. In this paper, we developed a new Ti-Mo-Zr alloy based on the d-electron alloy design theory. The designed Ti-12Mo-5Zr (at%) alloy was then produced using ingot metallurgy and evaluated pertaining to the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The alloy exhibited a relatively low Young’s modulus similar to some typical  orthopaedic titanium alloys. Yield strength, tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the alloy decreased after solid solution treatment. The mechanism by which heat treatment affects the mechanical properties is discussed.

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