scholarly journals The Recovery of Metallic Tin from an Industrial Tin-Bearing By-Product Containing Na2SO4 by Reduction Smelting Process

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Jongshin Chang ◽  
Hosang Sohn
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Silicate Slag ◽  
Reduction Smelting ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Slag Temperature ◽  
Tin Content

Tin was recovered in metal from an industrial tin-bearing byproduct containing Na2SO4 by carbothermic reduction smelting, and the effects of basicity (Na2O/SiO2), temperature, and reaction time on the recovery of tin were studied. Na2SO4 was reduced by carbon and formed into sodium silicate slag (Na2O–SiO2) in the presence of SiO2. Tin content in slag decreased with the increase of Na2O/SiO2 ratio in slag, temperature, and reaction time, but the recovery of tin was affected by volatilization of tin in high temperature and high silica region of basicity. In this study, the maximum recovery rate of tin was 94.8% at the experimental condition of 1200 °C, 2 h, and 0.55 of Na2O/SiO2 ratio. The major impurities in produced metal were Bi, Pb, Cu, Fe, and most of Bi, Pb, Cu were distributed to the metal phase, but the distribution of Fe was closely related to basicity.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Clean Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Slag (YPS): Activation and Preparation of Granular Rice Fertilizer

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
Cuihong Hou ◽  
Luyi Li ◽  
Lishuang Hou ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Shouyu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Yellow Phosphorus ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Reduction Smelting ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Yellow phosphorus slag (YPS) is a typical industrial solid waste, while it contains abundant silicon micronutrient required for the growth of rice. The key scientific problem to use the YPS as rice fertilizer is how to activate the slag efficiently during the phosphorite reduction smelting process. In this work, an alkaline rice fertilizer from the activated YPS was successfully prepared to use the micronutrients. Thermodynamic analyses of SiO2-CaO, SiO2-CaO-Al2O3, and SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO systems were discussed to optimize the acidity for reduction smelting. Results showed that the reduction smelting followed by the water quenching process can realize the reduction of phosphorite and activation of YPS synchronously. Ternary acidity m(SiO2)/(m(CaO) + m(MgO)) of 0.92 is suitable for the reduction smelting and activation of the slag. After smelting, the molten YPS can be effectively activated by water quenching, and 78.28% P, 90.03% Ca, and 77.12% Si in the YPS are activated, which can be readily absorbed by the rice roots. Finally, high-strength granular rice fertilizers with a particle size of Φ2–4 mm were successfully prepared from the powdery nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) and activated YPS mixture.

An Electrodeless Melter for Vitrification of Nuclear Waste

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Freidberg ◽  
A. J. Shajii ◽  
K. W. Wenzel ◽  
J. R. Lierzer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Waste Loading

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a new concept for a high-temperature, electrodeless melter for vitrifying radioactive wastes. Based on the principles of induction heating, it circumvents a number of difficulties associated with existing technology. The melter can operate at higher temperatures (1500–2000°C vs 1150°C), allowing for a higher quality, more durable glass which reduces the long-term leaching rate. Higher processing temperatures also enable conversion from borosilicate to high-silica glass which can accommodate 2 to 3 times as much radioactive waste, potentially halving the ultimate required long-term disposal space. Finally, with high temperatures, conversion of nuclear waste into ceramics can also be considered. This too leads to higher waste loading and the reduction of repository space. The melter is toroidal, linked by an iron core transformer that allows efficient electrical operation even at 60 Hz. One-dimensional electrical and thermal analyses are presented.

scholarly journals Reaction Behaviors of Associated Minerals in Molten Salt Smelting of Stibnite and Kilogram-Class Trials

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Zhen Ouyang ◽  
Longgang Ye ◽  
Chaobo Tang ◽  
Yuntao Xin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Unstable Intermediate

The molten salt metallurgy of Sb, which involves the smelting of stibnite in a binary NaCl-Na2CO3 salt with sulfur-fixing and the addition of a reductant, has been proposed as a clean method for Sb extraction. However, the reacting behaviors of the minerals associated with stibnite (Sb2S3) during the smelting are still unclear, and industrial tests have not been conducted. This study investigated the behaviors of PbS, FeS2, SiO2, and CaCO3, which are the main minerals associated with stibnite, during reducing smelting by using the NaCl-Na2CO3 molten salt. The results showed that PbS could react with Na2CO3 to generate metallic Pb at 950 °C. FeS2 and SiO2 formed stable NaFeS2 and Na2SiO3 with the molten salt at a high temperature, respectively. CaCO3 formed an unstable intermediate product of Na2Ca(CO3)2 at 675 °C and decomposed with increasing temperature. Kilogram-class trials were also performed using 50 kg of concentrate and more than 300 kg of mixture material, and the results showed that the direct recovery rate of Sb and Au reached maximum values of 93.22% and 92.06% at temperature 920 °C in eutectic Na2CO3-NaCl molten salt, respectively, while the total sulfur-fixing ratio reached 99.49%. Thus, the associated minerals consumed the molten salt, and the feasibility of molten salt smelting was verified by this kilogram-class pilot experiment.

Research on Preparation of Ti(C,N) by the Carbon and Nitrogen Treatment of the Deep Reduced Slag

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1463-1471
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xing Ping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Theoretical Amount

The carbonitriding treatment of deep reduced slag obtained in the smelting process of the non blast furnace with the vanadic titanomagnetite from PanZhiHua were carried out in a high temperature carbolic pipe furnace with nitrogen gas in order to obtain Ti(C,N). The results are found: there are a few of Ti (C, N) presented in the carbonitriding reaction production with theoretical amount of carbon at 1400°C; the content of Ti (C, N) increases with temperature; the carbonitriding reaction tends to finish at 1500°C; the average size of Ti(C,N) particles are 7.8452μm and the maximum is 21μm above 1600°C; the content of N in the Ti (C, N) decrease with temperature below 1400°C and that of N increase and the change of C content is opposite above 1400°C; To increase appropriately carbon amount can promoto the carbonitride reaction which is benefit for the formation and grow of the Ti (C, N); when the amount of carbon beyond the theoretical value, the maximum and average size of grains obtained is smaller. It shows that the bigger Ti(C,N) grains can be obtained and the high temperature is very important for the carbonitride treatment of the deep reduced slag to obtain Ti (C, N).

INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON Al(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 COMPOSITE PARTICLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE-GUANG SONG ◽  
LIAN-MENG ZHANG ◽  
JUN-GUO LI ◽  
JIAN-RONG SONG
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Coating Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Properties ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Solution Reaction ◽  
Co Precipitation

Although Zirconium diboride ( ZrB 2) is a desirable combination with some good properties, it is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air to impact high-temperature properties, which dwindles the applied range. In order to decrease oxidization and improve the high-temperature properties of ZrB 2, the surface of ZrB 2 is coated with Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3 to synthesize Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles. In this paper, the conditions of synthesizing Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles by the co-precipitation method are investigated. Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles are synthesized under different conditions, but the conditions of synthesizing Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles with the better coating quality require pH = 9, the appropriate concentration ( Al 3+ = 0.017 mol/L , Y 3+ = 0.01 mol/L ) of composite solution, reaction time of 60 min, titration speed of 0.05 ml/s, using the dispersant in the ZrB 2 suspension and the ultrasonic dispersion, respectively.

Improve the Temperature Resistance of Guar Gum by Silanization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

For gelating agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, the temperature resistance is required. To improve the temperature resistance of Guar gum (GG), it was modified by silanization. The reaction conditions were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as following: the reaction temperature of 85°C, 5: 1 molar ratio of guar gum to TMS-Cl and 4-6 h of reaction time. The viscosity of silanized guar gum (SGG) aqueous gel was greatly improved even high temperature at 80°C.

The Influence of the Hydrothermal Conditions on the Morphologies of β-Ni(OH)2

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 and nanoflakes have been successfully synthesized with nickel nitrate as nickel source and stronger ammonia water as precipitant via the hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphologies of the samples have been characterized and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscope), respectively. XRD shows that the phase of the samples is β-Ni(OH)2. SEM confirms that The low reaction temperature is propitious to the synthesis of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2, and with the increase of the reaction time the nanoflakes of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 become much thinner. However, The high temperature is in favor of the synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2 nanosflakes, and with the further increase of the reaction temperature.

scholarly journals High efficiency extractions of V, Cr, Ti, Fe and Mn from vanadium slag by microwave heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
B. Tan ◽  
S. Wu ◽  
L.-J. Wang ◽  
K.-C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Speed Up

The vanadium slag (V-slag) is generated from smelting vanadium titanomagnetite ore, which contains valuable elements, such as V, Ti, Cr, Fe and Mn. The traditional methods were mainly focused on the extractions of V and Cr by oxidation or reduction processes. In the present work, chlorination method was adopted to keep the valence state of each elements as original state. In order to speed up the diffusion of elements and reduce volatility of molten salt, microwave heating has been examined in the current paper. The results indicated that it only took 30 min to chlorinate V-slag at 800 ?C, and the chlorination ratios of V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Ti could reach to 82.67%, 75.82%, 92.96%, 91.66% and 63.14%, respectively. Compared with the results by conventional heating for 8 h, this extraction rate by microwave heating shows greater advantages. In addition, microwave heating can reduce effectively volatilization of AlCl3 by shortening the reaction time. The volatilization ratio of AlCl3 in this microwave heating was 3.92% instead of 8.97% in conventional heating (1h). The mechanism of efficient chlorination can be summarized as the enhancement of ions diffusion process and enhanced chemical reaction due to local high temperature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document