scholarly journals Evolution of Microstructure and Hardness of High Carbon Steel under Different Compressive Strain Rates

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Hossain ◽  
Farshid Pahlevani ◽  
Veena Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Industrial Grade

Understanding the effect of high strain rate deformation on microstructure and mechanical property of metal is important for addressing its performance as high strength material. Strongly motivated by the vast industrial application potential of metals having excellent hardness, we explored the phase stability, microstructure and mechanical performance of an industrial grade high carbon steel under different compressive strain rates. Although low alloyed high carbon steel is well known for their high hardness, unfortunately, their deformation behavior, performance and microstructural evolution under different compressive strain rates are not well understood. For the first time, our investigation revealed that different strain rates transform the metastable austenite into martensite at different volume, simultaneously activate multiple micromechanisms, i.e., dislocation defects, nanotwining, etc. that enhanced the phase stability and refined the microstructure, which is the key for the observed leap in hardness. The combination of phase transformation, grain refinement, increased dislocation density, formation of nanotwin and strain hardening led to an increase in the hardness of high carbon steel.

scholarly journals Laser Welding Dissimilar High-Strength Steel Alloys with Complex Geometries

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Efthymiadis ◽  
Khalid Nor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Metallurgical Defects

Laser welding of dissimilar high-strength steels was performed in this study for two different geometries, flat and circular samples with material thicknesses of 5 and 8 mm. The material combinations were a low carbon to a medium or high carbon steel. Three different welding systems were employed: a Nd:YAG, a CO2 and a fiber laser. The process stability was evaluated for all the experiments. The resulting full penetration welds were inspected for their surface quality at the top and bottom of the specimens. Cross sections were taken to investigate the resulting microstructures and the metallurgical defects of the welds, such as cracks and pores. Significant hardening occurred in the weld region and the highest hardness values occurred in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of the high carbon steel. The occurrence of weld defects depends strongly on the component geometry. The resulting microstructures within the weld were also predicted using neural network-simulated Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams and predicted the occurrence of a mixture of microstructures, such as bainite, martensite and pearlite, depending on the material chemistry. The thermal fields were measured with thermocouples and revealed the strong influence of component geometry on the cooling rate which in term defines the microstructures forming in the weld and the occurring hardness.

Reliability Increase of Dissimilar Steel Welded Joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chevakinskaya ◽  
Aelita Nikulina ◽  
Natalia Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon

In this paper combined Hadfield steel - stainless steel - rail steel compounds are considered. Structural studies and estimation of mechanical properties showed that using an intermediate layer of low-carbon steel with 0.2 C wt. % and 5-20 mm thick between high-carbon steel and chromium-nickel steel in the formation of welded joints increases the reliability of connections by reducing the amount of high-strength zones as compared to compounds without a barrier layer.

Process design of high-strength bolt of fully pearlitic high-carbon steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 210 (14) ◽  
pp. 1870-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chul Lee ◽  
Young-Gwan Jin ◽  
You-Hwan Lee ◽  
Il-Heon Son ◽  
Duk-Lak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Process Design ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Strength Bolt

Wedge tension test of a high-strength bolt of fully pearlitic high-carbon steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chul Lee ◽  
Young-Gwan Jin ◽  
Sun-Kwang Hwang ◽  
Ki-Ho Jung ◽  
Yong-Taek Im
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Strength Bolt

Designing, Processing and Isothermal Transformation of Al-Si Medium Carbon Ultrafine High Strength Bainitic Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sherif Ali Abd El Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Shash ◽  
Mohamed K. El-Fawkhry ◽  
Ahmed Zaki Farahat ◽  
Taha Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Stability

Medium-carbon, silicon-rich steels are commonly suggested to obtain a very fine bainitic microstructure at a low temperature slightly above Ms. Thereby, the resulted microstructure consists of slender bainitic-ferritic plates interwoven with retained austenite. The advanced strength and ductility package of this steel is much dependent on the fineness of bainitic ferrite, as well as the retained austenite phase. In this article, the aluminum to silicon ratio, and the isothermal transformation temperature have been adopted to obtain ultra-high strength high carbon steel. Optical and SEM investigation of the produced steels have been performed. XRD has been used to track the retained austenite development as a result of the change in the chemical composition of developed steels and heat treatment process. Mechanical properties in terms of hardness and microhardness of obtained phases and structure were investigated. Results show that the increment of aluminum to silicon ratio has a great effect in promoting the bainitic transformation, in tandem with improving the stability and the fineness of retained austenite. Such an advanced structure leads to enhancement in the whole mechanical properties of the high carbon steel.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Notched High Strength Materials Under Tension, Torsion and Impact Loading.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Abdulkareem ◽  
Ridwan Busari ◽  
Lateef Fashola ◽  
Ikechukwu Madu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Steel Aisi

High carbon steel (AISI 1065) and stainless steel (AISI 304) are high strength materials that are mostly used as wear resistance materials because of there high hardness and toughness. These two materials are widely used for applications in which high strength, hardness and wear resistance are required, these requirement are fund in cutting tools, springs and surgical instruments. Nevertheless, the presence of notch in these materials do affect their service life. This paper reports on the characteristics of notched high carbon steel and stainless steel materials investigated under tensile, torsion and impact loads. The behaviour of the materials were examined under different notch parameters of angle 30°, 45° and 60° and notch base radius of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. The tensile, torsion and impact test samples were prepared according to ASTM E8M, ASTM F383-15 and ASTM E23-16b  respectively. Examination on the tensile and torsion tests were carried out on Testometric Universal Testing Machine (TUTM), while Avery-Denison Izod impact testing machine was used for impact test. The results obtained for the two materials showed that there is increase in absorption energy and resistance to twisting failure as notch tip radius and notch angle increase.

Cold Fusion Experimental Research on Repairing Shaft of Automatic Transmission

2011 ◽  
Vol 63-64 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Yan ◽  
Jiang Ying Li ◽  
Feng Bin Liu ◽  
Min Qu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Matrix

The cold fusion at room temperature is used to repair the shaft of automatic transmission. In the experiment, the low-carbon steel, the high-carbon steel and 65Mn steel were selected as restorative materials. The microstructures of shaft repaired with different materials were observed by the scanning electric microscope (SEM) after the shafts were repaired. The results show that the microstructure of shaft which was repaired by the high-carbon steel and 65Mn steel is martensite that has high hardness and better wear resistance. The interface of the matrix and filled material is metallurgic combine. The cold fusion can improve the surface properties of the matrix when the suitable material is selected as restorative material.

scholarly journals Automobile Tires’ High-Carbon Steel Wire

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-870
Author(s):  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Alexey Stolyarov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Automobile Tires

It is a well-known fact that to manufacture an automobile tire more than 200 different materials are used, including high-carbon steel wire. In order to withstand the affecting forces, the tire tread is reinforced with steel wire or other products such as ropes or strands. These ropes are called steel cord. Steel cord can be of different constructions. To ensure a good adhesive bond between the rubber of the tire and the steel cord, the cord is either brass-plated or bronzed. The reason brass or bronze is used is because copper, which is a part of these alloys, makes a high-strength chemical composition with sulfur in rubber. For steel cord, the high carbon steel is usually used at 0.70–0.95% C. This amount of carbon ensures the high strength of the steel cord. This kind of high-quality, unalloyed steel has a pearlitic structure which is designed for multi-pass drawing. To ensure the specified technical characteristics, modern metal reinforcing materials for automobile tires, metal cord and bead wire, must withstand, first of all, a high breaking load with a minimum running meter weight. At present, reinforcing materials of the strength range 2800–3200 MPa are increasingly used, the manufacture of which requires high-strength wire. The production of such wire requires the use of a workpiece with high carbon content, changing the drawing regimes, patenting, and other operations. At the same time, it is necessary to achieve a reduction in the cost of wire manufacturing. In this context, the development and implementation of competitive processes for the manufacture of high-quality, high-strength wire as a reinforcing material for automobile tires is an urgent task.

scholarly journals On the Unique Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-High Carbon Bearing Steel Alloyed with Different Aluminum Contents

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Bai ◽  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Yuhui Wang ◽  
Cunyu Wang ◽  
Xingpin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Density ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

In this study, ultra-high-carbon steels with 1.4% carbon content alloyed with three different aluminum contents, 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0%, were studied on their tempering stability and temperature resistance. The results showed that the addition of Al significantly enhanced the tempering stability and temperature resistance of ultra-high-carbon steel. The addition of Al inhibited the transformation of ε-carbide to cementite, suppressed the transition of martensite to ferrite and thus, endowed ultra-high carbon steels to maintain very high hardness during tempering within a wide range of temperature up to 500 °C. The present work provides a useful basis on which to develop bearing steel materials with low density and high hardness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document