scholarly journals Strength and Fracture Toughness of Hardox-400 Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzioba ◽  
Pała
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Stretch Zone Width

This paper presents results of strength and fracture toughness properties of low-carbon high-strength Hardox-400 steel. Experimental tests were carried out for specimens of different thickness at wide temperature range from −100 to 20 °C. The dependences of the characteristic of material strength and fracture toughness on temperature based on experimental data are shown. Numerical calculation of the stress and strain distributions in area before crack tip using the finite element method (FEM) was done. Based on results of numerical calculation and observation of the fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the critical local stress level at which brittle fracture takes place was assessed. Consideration of the levels of stress and strain in the analysis of the metal state at the tip of the crack allowed to justify the occurrence of the brittle-to-ductile fracture mechanism. On the basis of the results of stretch zone width measurements and stress components, the values of fracture toughness at the moment of crack initiation were calculated.

ASTM A710

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bethlehem Steel Corporation ◽  
Strength Alloy ◽  
Carbon Precipitation

Abstract ASTM A710 is a low-carbon, precipitation hardening high-strength alloy steel plate. It is well suited to critical applications. This datasheet provides information on composition and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating and joining. Filing Code: SA-446. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

BETHSTAR 60

Alloy Digest ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bethlehem Steel Corporation ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract BethStar 60 steel plate is a high-strength product with a 60,000 psi minimum yield strength. It contains low carbon and low sulfur and has outstanding toughness, weldability and formability. It provides the design engineer with a an economical high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) grade that can be fabricated readily. Applications include weight-sensitive components subject to high stress such as frames for large off-highway haulers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-421. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Expulsion Intensity Monitoring and Modeling in Resistance Spot Welding Based on Electrode Displacement Signals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jun Xia ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Lang Zhou ◽  
Yong-Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Spot Welding ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Electrode Displacement

Abstract Weld expulsion is one of the most common welding defects during resistance spot welding (RSW) process especially for high strength steels (HSS). In order to control and eventually eliminate weld expulsion in production, accurate assessment of the expulsion severity should be the first step and is urgently required. Among the existing methods, real-time monitoring of RSW-related process signals has become a promising approach to actualize the online evaluation of weld expulsion. However, the inherent correlation between the process signals and the expulsion intensity is still unclear. In this work, a commonly used process signal, namely the electrode displacement and its instantaneous behavior when expulsion occurs are systematically studied. Based upon experiments with various electrodes and workpieces, a nonlinear relation between the weight of expelled metal and the sudden displacement drop accompanied by the occurrence of weld expulsion is observed, which is mainly influenced by electrode tip geometry but not by material strength or sheet thickness. The intrinsic relationship between this specific signal feature and the magnitude of expulsion is further explored through geometrical analysis, and a modified analytical model for online expulsion evaluation is finally proposed. It is shown that the improved model could be applied to domed electrodes with different tip geometries and varying workpieces ranging from low carbon steel to HSS. The error of expulsion estimation could be limited within ±20.4 mg (±2σ) at a 95% confidence level. This study may contribute to the online control of weld expulsion to the minimum level.

Mechanical Properties of a “Simple Panel Structure” Manufactured of an Ultra High Strength Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Kananen ◽  
Antti Järvenpää ◽  
Matias Jaskari ◽  
Kari Mäntyjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Bending Resistance

Corrugated core panels contain a formed, corrugated core bonded between two skin sheets. These panels are typically used in applications, where a low weight is required with integrity in stiffness. This paper demonstrates the mechanical properties of a simple panel structure (SPS), constructed using strips of work-hardened, austenitic stainless steel (ASS) grade 1.4310 (type 301) with the yield strength (YS) of ~1200 MPa. The 0.5 mm thick strips were formed into a C-shape and subsequently laser welded together by lap joints to form a SPS. The thickness of the SPS was 50 mm. The bending tests for the SPS were carried out transverse and 45-degrees related to the orientation of the web sheet. The results showed that the SPS, as loaded in the transverse direction, has about the same bending stiffness prior yielding as that of the previously tested 6 mm thick, low carbon S355 plain steel sheets, but the SPS is three times lighter than 6mm thick plain steel sheet. Compared with a corrugated core panel made of an annealed ferritic stainless steel (SS-panel) with the YS ~ 250 MPa, the weight of the both panels are roughly the same, but the bending resistance of the SPS is 45% higher. Experimental tests also verified that the benefit in the stiffness is quickly reduced if the load direction differs from transverse. In the 45-degrees loading direction, the SPS and the SS-panel had almost the same bending strength. On the other hand, the SPS and the SS-panel stiffnesses are much better than that of the carbon steel (the YS ~ 300 MPa) panel (CS-panel) in the both loading directions – the SPS being twice as stiff as the CS-panel.

Investigation on Friction Conditions during a Severe Bending Deformation on a Thick Plate

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Antonello D'Annibale ◽  
Mohamad El Mehtedi ◽  
Antoniomaria Di Ilio ◽  
Filippo Gabrielli ◽  
Lorenzo Panaccio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Thick Plate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Machining Operations

In this paper, the friction behaviour in a severe bending process of a thick plate was investigated, taking into account both dry and lubricated conditions. Early experimental tests were performed to obtain mechanical properties of the low carbon steel AISI 1006, to be used as input in FE solver. Besides a 3D thermo-mechanical model based on FEM was developed to predict stress and strain distributions and final component dimensions. The second experimental series was composed of a coining process and a forming operation to reach the size of the final part. The analysis and the control of the friction conditions has permitted to obtain a product of higher quality that permitted to avoid all the secondary machining operations previously required.

Expulsion Intensity Monitoring and Modeling in Resistance Spot Welding Based on Electrode Displacement Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jun Xia ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Lang Zhou ◽  
Yong-Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Spot Welding ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Electrode Displacement

Abstract Weld expulsion is one of the most common welding defects during the resistance spot welding (RSW) process, especially for high strength steels (HSS). In order to control and eventually eliminate weld expulsion in production, accurate assessment of the expulsion severity should be the first step and is urgently required. Among the existing methods, real-time monitoring of RSW-related process signals has become a promising approach to actualize the online evaluation of weld expulsion. However, the inherent correlation between the process signals and the expulsion intensity is still unclear. In this work, a commonly used process signal, namely, the electrode displacement and its instantaneous behavior when expulsion occurs are systematically studied. Based upon experiments with various electrodes and workpieces, a nonlinear correlation between the weight of expelled metal and the sudden displacement drop accompanied by the occurrence of weld expulsion is observed, which is mainly influenced by electrode tip geometry but not by material strength or sheet thickness. The intrinsic relationship between this specific signal feature and the magnitude of expulsion is further explored through geometrical analysis, and a modified analytical model for online expulsion evaluation is finally proposed. It is shown that the improved model could be applied to domed electrodes with different tip geometries and varying workpieces ranging from low carbon steel to HSS. The error of expulsion estimation could be limited within ±20.4 mg (±2σ) at a 95% confidence level. This study may contribute to the online control of weld expulsion to the minimum level.

CARPENTER CUSTOM 455

Alloy Digest ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Yield Strength

Abstract Carpenter Custom 455 is a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel that responds to precipitation-hardening. The single aging treatment produces exceptionally high yield strength with good ductility and toughness. It is suitable for applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures up to 800 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-193. Producer or source: Carpenter.

BISALLOY STRUCTURAL 60

Alloy Digest ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Fracture ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract Bisalloy Structural 60 steel (60 ksi minimum yield strength) is a low-carbon, low-alloy, high-strength structural steel exhibiting excellent cold formability and low-temperature fracture toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition and shear strength. It also includes information on forming and joining. Filing Code: SA-839. Producer or source: Bisalloy Steels Group Limited.

Evolution of Carbides during Prestrain and Tempering

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Wen Hong Ding ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Chao Lei Zhang ◽  
Ya Zheng Liu ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Energy State ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Energy State ◽  
Two Stages

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the microstructural evolution of low carbon micro-alloyed high strength steel was studied by combining prestrain with tempering (PST) in this paper. It was found that the prestrain causes the dislocation to plug up around the grain boundary and carbide, resulting in carbide boundary fragmentation. Moreover, it breaks the thermo-dynamic equilibrium between the matrix and carbide, induces the dissolution of carbon in the high energy state, and then changes the distribution of carbon in the matrix. In the subsequent tempering process, the precipitation regularity of carbide was changed, which promoted the precipitation carbide at low temperature. The influence of carbide precipitation on dislocation can be divided into two stages: the first stage was precipitation induced creep, which promoted stress relaxation; the second stage was precipitation pinning dislocation, which improved material strength and inhibited stress relaxation.

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