scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Defatted Meat Species on Metabolomic Profiles of Murine Liver, Gastrocnemius Muscle, and Cecal Content

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Rise Nakata ◽  
Mikako Sato ◽  
Shozo Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Murine Liver ◽  
Meat Species

In both humans and animals, meat not only constitutes one of the sources of protein, but also includes various water-soluble bioactive substances such as imidazole peptides (carnosine and anserine) and taurine. Previous studies demonstrated that dietary meat species could differently affect physiological functions; however, the mechanisms of this remain unclear. To explore the physiological effects of dietary defatted meat species, especially on metabolism, we investigated their influence on the metabolomic profiles of the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and cecal content in mice. Casein (control) or a defatted meat species (beef leg, pork leg, chicken leg, or chicken breast) was supplied as the major protein source in the diet for four weeks, and metabolism-related molecules were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We found that various metabolite levels in tissues and cecal content differed according to the types of dietary protein consumed. Specifically, differences in carnosine, 1,5-anhydro-glucitol, inositol, butyric acid, and propionic acid were clearly observed. Among them, the highest carnosine intake by dietary pork leg was clearly related to the highest carnosine level in the liver. In addition, taurine intake was suggested to be linked to some metabolic pathways including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism in cecal content. These results provide additional knowledge of the effects of different dietary meat species on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Solid Dispersions of Anthelmintics and Plant Protection Preparations

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Salavat S. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Because of the rapid development of nanotechnologies, materials, in particular, solid dispersions (SDs), which are actively introduced into the life of modern man, have been obtained. Special progress in this area is observed in industry and medicine. The use of SDs in agriculture is lagging far behind, despite the growing number of scientific papers on this topic. At the same time, the prospects for the introduction of SDs in the agro-industrial complex are obvious. The review presents the results of research on the development of innovative preparations based on SD to protect plants from diseases and pests of cultivated plants, as well as parasiticides to protect animal health based on modern achievements of nanotechnology. One of these technologies is the methods of mechanochemistry, which improve the properties of poorly soluble biologically active substances by their joint mechanical treatment with water-soluble polymers and auxiliary substances.

scholarly journals Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Adam Mueller ◽  
Daniel A Nelson ◽  
Manuel Alexander Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Deborah Amodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

scholarly journals Useful Bioactive Substances from Wastes: Recovery of Trans-Resveratrol from Grapevine Stems

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Angelov ◽  
Lubomir Boyadzhiev ◽  
Silviya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Initial Extract ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
The Many

The methods for producing natural resveratrol are of big interest because of the many health benefits of this substance and its increasing use in functional foods, food supplements and para-pharmaceutical preparations. Generally, resveratrol is extracted from different natural sources, most of them usually produced for consumption purposes (grapes, nuts). This paper presents a method for recovery of resveratrol from a widely available raw material - grapevine stems, a by-product of vine pruning. An efficient extraction-fractionation scheme is developed, based on shifting the phase equilibrium, by which more concentrated extracts of resveratrol are obtained. After a simple extraction, the initial extract is further separated into two fractions, containing either water or ethanol-soluble compounds. Using this approach, the resveratrol’s low water solubility helps isolate it from other water-soluble substances. The resulting product is almost ten times more concentrated in trans-resveratrol than the initial total extract. Additionally, a fraction containing water-soluble polyphenols is obtained, which could be used for water-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

scholarly journals Molecular Distributions of Soluble Oxidation Products from Coals Characterized by Mass Spectrometers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xing Fan ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Soluble Species

Oxidation of three coals with rank from lignite to anthracite in NaOCl aqueous solution was investigated in this study. The oxidation products were characterized by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. The results showed that most of organic compounds in coals were converted into water-soluble species under mild conditions, even the anthracite. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and chloro-substituted alkanoic acids (CSAAs) were major products from the reactions. The products from lower rank coals consist of considerable CSAAs and most products from high rank coals are BPCAs. As coal rank increases, the yield of BPCAs with more carboxylic groups increases.

Abstract WP259: Metabolomic Analysis of Ischemic Brain Tissue to Explore Specific Metabolic Pathway Assosiated With Cerebral Ischemia

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Kohkichi Hosoda ◽  
Yasuhiro Irino ◽  
Jun Tanaka ◽  
Taichiro Imahori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Objectives: We investigated metabolic profiles of brain tissue in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats to explore the specific changes associated with acute ischemia. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats using filament occlusion of the MCA. Tissue samples from the ischemic lesion were collected before and after ischemia(0, 30, 60, 120min, n=7-10). Sham operated rats were treated in the same way except MCAO (n=10). Water-soluble metabolites were extracted and analyzed using gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry(GS/MS). The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate statistics to explore metabolic pathways associated with ischemia. The associated metabolic enzymes were investigated with RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: About ninety metabolites were identified by GC/MS. Principal component analysis and heatmap demonstrated clear separation between ischemia and control group (Figures). The most significant changes were decrease of fructose-6-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate, increase of hydroxybutyrate, and increase of GABA with time. These results suggested acceleration of pentose phosphate pathway to increase NADPH, upregulation of keton metabolism and neuroprotection by GABA. RT-PCR and Western blot did not indicate significant changes of transcription and protein level of the enzymes involved in these pathways and suggested changes of the enzyme activity by modification after transcription or translation such as phosphorylation. Conclusions: These results suggested the presence of neuroprotective metabolic change in the ischemic brain.

scholarly journals The Milk Thistle Seed Cakes and Hempseed Cakes are Potential Feed for Poultry

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Ondrej Stastnik ◽  
Leos Pavlata ◽  
Eva Mrkvicova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Results

The aims of this work were to summarize the nutritional value of the milk thistle seed cakes and hempseed cakes and describe the influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and animal health from inclusion of these non-traditional feeds into diets. It seems more appropriate to apply the extract of the bioactive substances complex to the livestock diets than addition of expellers or other forms of plants processing. The seed expellers, etc. mostly worsened the chickens’ performance parameters with higher doses in diets, while most of the work using the extract yields had positive results on animal performance.

scholarly journals Purification, Characterization, Prebiotic Preparations and Antioxidant Activity of Oligosaccharides from Mulberries

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Li ◽  
Shiyuan Yang ◽  
Yuxiao Zou ◽  
Weiwei Cheng ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Power

A water-soluble oligosaccharide termed EMOS-1a was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides purified from mulberries by column chromatography. The chemical structure of the purified fraction was investigated by ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, which indicated that galactose was the main constituent of EMOS-1a. Chemical analyses showed that the uronic acid and sulfate content of EMOS-1a were 5.6% and 8.35%, respectively, while gel permeation chromatography showed that EMOS-1a had an average molecular weight of 987 Da. The antioxidant activities of EMOS-1a were next investigated, and EMOS-1a exhibited concentration-dependent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The level of proliferation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus reached 1420 ± 16% when 4% (w/v) EMOS-1a was added, where the number of colonies in MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium with no added oligosaccharide was defined as 100% proliferation. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide EMOS-1a could be used as a natural antioxidant in prebiotic preparations.

Exopolymers from curdlan production: incorporation of glucose-related sugars by Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin W. Lee ◽  
Walter G. Yeomans ◽  
Alfred L. Allen ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Frank Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Curdlan Production

Three different exopolymers were purified from cultures of Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749 grown in a mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose at 30 °C for 5 days under aerobic culture conditions. These exopolymers were curdlan (extracellular, homo-β-(1-3)-glucan, water insoluble at neutral pH), a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer A (WSNCE-A), and a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer B (WSNCE-B). Curdlan, WSNCE-A, and WSNCE-B composed by weight 61, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the exopolymer produced from glucose. Compositions of all polymers were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The WSNCE-A is composed of glucose and galactose with lower contents of rhamnose. The WSNCE-B consists of glucose and mannose. To biosynthesize modified biopolymers, glucose-related sugars including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetylglucosamine) were fed separately as the sole carbon source. Using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 8 – 12 mol% of the curdlan repeats were 3-O-methyl-D-glucose based on GC and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. N-Acetylglucosamine was incorporated into WSNCE-A at 10 mol% based on the GC–MS but was not found in curdlan or WSNCE-B.Key words: Agrobacterium sp., curdlan, exopolymer, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

In-situ electrochemical method for detecting freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abra Penezić ◽  
Blaženka Gašparović ◽  
Draženka Stipaničev ◽  
Andrew Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Standard Addition Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Environmental context Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds found in the atmosphere, soil, sediments and water. They can bioaccumulate in marine organisms where they pose a threat to the health of the organisms. We are developing a low-cost and simple electrochemical method to monitor the concentrations of these compounds in the aquatic environment. Abstract A new sensing system for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waters is being developed. The system consists of a wafer-based device with a chip-based mercury on platinum microelectrode as a working electrode and a platinum auxiliary electrode, incorporated into a flow cell system with an external reference electrode. The Hg microelectrode was coated with a phospholipid–triglyceride mixed layer and interactions between anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene and the layer were monitored using rapid cyclic voltammetry. The layer proved sensitive to interactions with PAHs in ‘organic matter free’ seawater, with respective detection limits of 0.33, 0.35, 0.15 and 0.32μgL–1 for phenanthrene, pyrene, anthracene and fluoranthene. Tested interferences, such as sodium humate, dextran T-500 and bovine serum albumin, representing humic substances, polysaccharides and proteins, did not have an influence on the layer response. The system was also tested with a river water sample where concentrations of PAHs were determined using the standard addition method and compared with the results obtained by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentration of total PAHs obtained by the standard addition method is ~80% lower compared with the results obtained by GC-MS analysis. The difference is explained by the fact that the electrochemical method measures water-soluble and free PAHs whereas the chromatographic method measures both dissolved and particulate–organic PAHs.

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