The Milk Thistle Seed Cakes and Hempseed Cakes are Potential Feed for Poultry

The aims of this work were to summarize the nutritional value of the milk thistle seed cakes and hempseed cakes and describe the influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and animal health from inclusion of these non-traditional feeds into diets. It seems more appropriate to apply the extract of the bioactive substances complex to the livestock diets than addition of expellers or other forms of plants processing. The seed expellers, etc. mostly worsened the chickens’ performance parameters with higher doses in diets, while most of the work using the extract yields had positive results on animal performance.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Activity in Bee Products: A Review

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Marianna Martinello ◽

Franco Mutinelli

Keyword(s):

Analytical Methods ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Royal Jelly ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Current State ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Antioxidant Characteristics

Bee products have been used since ancient times both for their nutritional value and for a broad spectrum of therapeutic purposes. They are deemed to be a potential source of natural antioxidants that can counteract the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases. In view of the growing interest in using bioactive substances from natural sources to promote health and reduce the risk of developing certain illnesses, this review aims to update the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant capacity of bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, beeswax, royal jelly and bee venom, and on the analytical methods used. The complex, variable composition of these products and the multitude of analytical methods used to study their antioxidant activities are responsible for the wide range of results reported by a plethora of available studies. This suggests the need to establish standardized methods to more efficiently evaluate the intrinsic antioxidant characteristics of these products and make the data obtained more comparable.

Download Full-text

168 The effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and performance in feedlot bulls and steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 15-16

Author(s):

Courtney McNeff ◽

Justin Talley ◽

Colton A Robison ◽

Blake K Wilson

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Block Design ◽

Animal Health ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Stable Fly ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Avoidance Behaviors ◽

Fly Control

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and animal performance in a feedlot setting. Angus bulls (n = 64; BW = 281 ± 36.2 kg) and steers (n = 36; BW = 475 ± 40.4 kg) were blocked by sex and BW and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (7 pens/treatment; 4 bulls/pen; 3 steers/pen). Treatments included: control (CON; no fly control), abamectin, piperonyl butoxide, and zetacypermethrin insecticide tags (FT; Tri-Zap®, Y-Tex Corporation, Cody, WY), permethrin and piperonyl butoxide pour on (PO; Permectrin® CDS, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS), or a garlic-powder top dress (GR) administered at 0.28 g •-1 animal •-1d. The experiment was conducted between June and September. Horn and stable fly abundance (FA) and fly avoidance behaviors (FAB; i.e. tail-flicks, stomping, head-tossing) were recorded by trained personnel. Both FA and FAB were recorded once/wk on days with similar temperatures, humidity, wind speed, and without precipitation based on Oklahoma Mesonet data (Stillwater site). There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for horn FA with differences in treatments occurring at wk 1, 2, 8, and 14. There was no treatment × time interaction for stable FA or FAB, however both were affected by time (P < 0.001). There were no differences in final BW (P = 0.34), overall ADG (P = 0.30), overall DMI (P = 0.53), or overall G:F (P = 0.39). There was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for GR to have decreased BW on d 28 and decreased ADG from d 0 to 28 compared to FT and PO. There was also a tendency (P = 0.09) for decreased DMI from d 0 to 56 for GR compared to CON and FT. Overall FA was less than expected (mean = 1 to 17 flies/animal) throughout the experiment and overall animal performance was unaffected by fly control strategy.

Download Full-text

Bromatology of Tifton 85 Grass Irrigated with Two Qualities of Water and under Organic Fertilization

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n11p172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Maria Teresa Cristina Coelho do Nascimen ◽

Joelma Sales dos Santos ◽

Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽

Vera Lucia Antunes de Lima ◽

Rubens Barrichello Gomes Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Set Up ◽

Higher Doses

The reuse of solid and liquid wastes has become a viable practice for the sustainability of agricultural production, because it meets the nutritional needs of crops and also allows the use of nutrients present in these residues. The objective of this work was to analyze the nutritional value of Tifton 85 irrigated with treated domestic wastewater and fertilized with nitrogen doses from poultry bed in four successive cuts, with frequency of 35 days. The experiment was set up in a protected environment, arranged in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Five doses of nitrogen were tested through organic fertilization from avian beds (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N ha-1) and two irrigation water qualities (treated domestic well and artesian well). After the cuts the material was dried and sent to the laboratory to determine the following parameters: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Tifton 85 acid detergent fiber (ADF). The highest values of crude protein were obtained using the domestic wastewater treated in the irrigation, as well as using the higher doses of nitrogen from poultry litter. Just as the NDF and ADF contents presented the best values when treated domestic wastewater and the highest nitrogen doses. Indicating that irrigation with wastewater and the use of organic fertilizer may substitute for conventional manures by promoting satisfactory levels of concentrations for fodder.

Download Full-text

The Glucosamine Controversy; A Pharmacokinetic Issue

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j3xg6f ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi ◽

Fakhreddin Jamali

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Animal Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Assessment Metrics ◽

Disease Modifying ◽

Clinical Trial Results ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Positive Results ◽

Rule Out

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring aminosugar that is widely used to treat osteoarthritis despite controversial clinical trial results. Animal studies, on the other hand, unequivocally suggest anti-inflammatory and disease modifying effects for GlcN. Many explanations have been offered as to the root of the controversy. They include superiority of a crystalline sulphate salt over HCl, industry bias, insensitive assessment metrics and poor methodology. Herein, we rule out a difference in bioequivalence between GlcN salts and that of chemically equivalent doses and suggest additional factors; i.e., inconsistency in the chemical potency of some products used, under-dosing of patients as well as variable and erratic bioavailability indices for the lack of GlcN efficacy observed in some studies. Clinical trials using higher doses of pharmaceutical grade GlcN or formulations with greater bioavailability should yield positive results. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Download Full-text

Effects of Dietary Defatted Meat Species on Metabolomic Profiles of Murine Liver, Gastrocnemius Muscle, and Cecal Content

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10120503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 503

Author(s):

Rise Nakata ◽

Mikako Sato ◽

Shozo Tomonaga

Keyword(s):

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Animal Health ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chicken Breast ◽

Major Protein ◽

Cecal Content ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Murine Liver ◽

Meat Species

In both humans and animals, meat not only constitutes one of the sources of protein, but also includes various water-soluble bioactive substances such as imidazole peptides (carnosine and anserine) and taurine. Previous studies demonstrated that dietary meat species could differently affect physiological functions; however, the mechanisms of this remain unclear. To explore the physiological effects of dietary defatted meat species, especially on metabolism, we investigated their influence on the metabolomic profiles of the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and cecal content in mice. Casein (control) or a defatted meat species (beef leg, pork leg, chicken leg, or chicken breast) was supplied as the major protein source in the diet for four weeks, and metabolism-related molecules were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We found that various metabolite levels in tissues and cecal content differed according to the types of dietary protein consumed. Specifically, differences in carnosine, 1,5-anhydro-glucitol, inositol, butyric acid, and propionic acid were clearly observed. Among them, the highest carnosine intake by dietary pork leg was clearly related to the highest carnosine level in the liver. In addition, taurine intake was suggested to be linked to some metabolic pathways including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism in cecal content. These results provide additional knowledge of the effects of different dietary meat species on human and animal health.

Download Full-text

The effect of antisteroid antibodies upon the mating performance of early lambing mule ewes also treated with progestagen sponges and PMSG

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600034656 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1987 ◽

pp. 24-24

Author(s):

D.N. Logue ◽

A. Gill ◽

B.J. Keeling ◽

M.E. King ◽

G.J. Gunn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Dose Response ◽

Animal Health ◽

Ovulation Rate ◽

Considerable Reduction ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Mating Performance ◽

Reliable Increase

The importance of a high lambing percentage in early lambing flocks is well recognised as is the variability of the dose response to PMSG of early lambing ewes. It was hoped that the integration of the immunogen ovandrotone-albumin (Fecundin ® Coopers Animal Health) into such a system would give a reliable increase in ovulation rate without the danger of superovulation caused by higher doses of PMSG. Unfortunately, last year Logue, Gill and McClelland (1986) and Keeling, King and Gunn (1986) independently reported that although Fecundin treatment in early lambing flocks (using progestagen sponges with and without PMSG)gave an increased litter size over controls there was a considerable reduction infertility which negated this advantage. These groups employed a regime of a sensitising injection, a boosting injection 28-30 days later, and ram introduction to an induced oestrus after a further 28 days(i.e. a Boost Tupping Interval (BTI) of 28 days) for the second group and 35 days for the first.

Download Full-text

Products of plant origin – benefits and the potential risk for the consumer

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/jms.2017.143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Monika Karasiewicz ◽

Anna Bogacz ◽

Jana Krzysztoszek ◽

Daniel Pędziwiatr ◽

Bogusław Czerny

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Diet Supplements ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Higher Doses

Phytochemical compounds are widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many ailments. In recent years, an increasing interest is observed in the use of new natural bioactive substances and whole standardized extracts in the prevention and therapy of diseases. Some of these are the components of the diet, diet supplements or at higher doses are used as herbal medicines. Many phytochemicals have documented a beneficial effect on health, but they must be used properly. Therefore, it is important to inform about differentiating between herbal medicine and dietary supplement. Further, the possibility of interactions with synthetic drugs and the mechanisms of these effects is necessary to describe for the safety of phytotherapy. The goal of our paper is to show high prophylactic and medicinal potential of natural active compounds of plant origin. We also want to draw attention to the safety of their use by the consumer. Therefore, we present some studies on the benefical properties of natural active compounds, mainly in the prevention and treatment of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The results of the described studies are extensively discussed and their suitability for further testing in vivo and in clinical trials is examined. At the same time we show selected interaction of common medicinal plants or their raw materials with synthetic drugs.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF BIN-HEATING ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RAPESEED FED TO MICE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas72-062 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 517-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. M. BELL ◽

P. M. GIOVANNETTI ◽

C. G. YOUNGS

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Brassica Campestris ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Protein Levels

Undamaged and bin-heated rapeseed (Brassica campestris) were either: ground; ground and dry-cooked for 30 min at 110 C; ground and autoclaved for 30 min at 1.2 kg/cm2, then dried at 100 C; ground, autoclaved, partially extracted with petroleum ether; or ground, autoclaved, extracted, steam-stripped, and dried. These meals were incorporated at 8, 12, 16, and 20% levels, seed basis, in approximately isocaloric, isonitrogenous mouse diets containing about 20% protein. Bin-heated rapeseed contained no glucosinolates, no myrosinase, and only a trace of hydroxynitriles, but had lost 65, 52, 28, 23, and 15% of its original tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, and threonine, respectively. Mycotoxins were not detected. The odor of the meal derived from heated rapeseed was rated by a panel and found to be generally pleasant. Growth rates and feed utilization by mice fed bin-heated rapeseed were normal. Dietary protein levels were too high to allow the amino acid changes to be reflected in animal performance.

Download Full-text

Experimental Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Pomace of Siberian Beet and Carrot

Food Processing Techniques and Technology ◽

10.21603/2074-9414-2021-1-179-187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Anastasia Kozhemayko ◽

Irina Sergeeva ◽

Irina Dolgolyuk

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Industrial Processing

Introduction. With the development of the food and processing industry, the matter of environmental pollution is becoming more and more acute. Environmental protection is based on the principle of rational use of natural resources and sustainable technology. Vegetable pomace is a secondary raw material; its amount depends on the production technology and equipment. The observed positive trend in the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground can increase the number of vegetable processing enterprises and the capacity of existing enterprises. Eventually, waste will start accumulating at processing sites, and it will have to be used as raw materials. The present paper features the content of biologically active substances in pomace of carrots and beets grown on the territory of the Siberian region and introduces options for their further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The research featured carrot pomace of the varieties Losinoostrovskaya, Nantskaya, and Queen of Autumn, as well as beet pomace of varieties Cylinder and Bordeaux. All the samples were harvested in the Kemerovo region in 2019. Determination of physical and chemical parameters was carried out using standard methods. Carotenoids, flavonoids, β-cyanine were studied using spectrometry and photocolorimetric method. Results and discussion. The experiment featured the content of bioactive substances in pomace of carrots and beets obtained during industrial processing. The content of carotenoids in carrots (mg of β-carotene per 100 g of dry weight): for Losinoostrovskaya variety – 23.56 ± 0.23; Nantskaya – 25.32 ± 0.18; Queen of Autumn – 20.78 ± 0.25. Flavonoid content (mg of catechol equivalent per 100 g of dry weight): Losinoostrovskaya – 12.02 ± 0.37; Nantskaya – 13.45 ± 0.56; Queen of Autumn – 11.50 ± 0.48. The content of β-cyanine in beets (mg per 100 g of dry weight): Cylinder – 100.0 ± 8.5; Bordeaux – 35.0 ± 1.8. The nutritional value of carrot and beet pomace with a mass fraction of moisture was 10%. The nutritional value of vegetable pomace is due to the high content of dietary fiber; therefore, the raw materials can be considered for functional food production. The content of biologically active substances in vegetable pomace (flavonoids, carotenoids, β-cyanines) can enhance the functional orientation of this secondary raw material when used in food technologies for the production of food of high nutritional value. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to use the biochemical potential of plant raw materials in many aspects, as well as to obtain new functional food products, thereby expanding the range of healthy foods.

Download Full-text

Insights into dog owner perspectives on risks, benefits, and nutritional value of raw diets compared to commercial cooked diets

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10383

Author(s):

Alysia Empert-Gallegos ◽

Sally Hill ◽

Philippa S. Yam

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Animal Health ◽

Nutrition Risk ◽

Raw Meat ◽

Diverse Backgrounds ◽

The World ◽

Dog Owners ◽

Repeated Words

Background The practice of feeding a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) to dogs is a topic of increasing interest to owners and veterinary professionals alike. Despite the research around the practice, particularly about the risk of nutritional imbalances and microbial contamination, an increasing number of dog owners are adopting a raw diet for their dogs. This study expands the research into owner motivations for feeding RMBDs and cooked diets and asks them their opinions about risk and nutritional value. Methods An anonymized, online, internationally accessible questionnaire was developed to ascertain owner perspectives on the risks, benefits, and nutritional value of commercially prepared and homemade RMBDs as compared with commercially prepared cooked diets (CCDs). Results The questionnaire was completed by 419 dog owners of diverse backgrounds across the world. Of the participants, 25.3% fed RMBDs. Just over 70.0% of all participants had spoken to their veterinarian about their dog’s nutrition. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked their veterinarian’s knowledge lower and their own knowledge of canine nutrition higher than owners who fed CCDs. They rated commercial and homemade RMBDs as highly nutritious 83.5% and 73.6% of the time, respectively, while only 12.5% rated CCDs as highly nutritious. Owners who fed CCDs ranked RMBDs as highly nutritious less often, but also only ranked CCDs as highly nutritious 52.7% of the time. All participants agreed that CCDs were low risk to human health. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked raw diets as highly risky to human or dog health under 20.0% of the time but deemed CCDs risky to animal health over 65.0% of the time. When asked about benefits of raw diets, the most repeated words offered by owners were “health”, “better”, “coat” and “teeth”. The most repeated risks presented were “bacteria”, “nutrition”, “risk” and “Salmonella”. Owners who fed RMBDs tended to use vague terminology like “health” and “better” when asked why they fed a raw diet. Owners who did not feed RMBDs used more specific terminology like “expensive”, “time” and “risk” when asked why they did not feed a raw diet. Overall, the two groups differed in their perceptions around RMBD and CCD feeding, which highlights the need for a better line of communication and education between veterinarians and owners.

Download Full-text