scholarly journals Tailored Polymer-Based Selective Extraction of Lipid Mediators from Biological Samples

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Yohannes Abere Ambaw ◽  
Sandra Rinne Dahl ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Tyge Greibrokk ◽  
Elsa Lundanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymeric Sorbents ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Lipid mediators, small molecules involved in regulating inflammation and its resolution, are a class of lipids of wide interest as their levels in blood and tissues may be used to monitor health and disease states or the effect of new treatments. These molecules are present at low levels in biological samples, and an enrichment step is often needed for their detection. We describe a rapid and selective method that uses new low-cost molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymeric sorbents for the extraction of lipid mediators from plasma and tissue samples. The extraction process was carried out in solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, manually packed with the sorbents. After extraction, lipid mediators were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MSMS). Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were evaluated to achieve optimal recovery and to reduce non-specific interactions. Preliminary tests showed that MIPs, designed using the prostaglandin biosynthetic precursor arachidonic acid, could effectively enrich prostaglandins and structurally related molecules. However, for other lipid mediators, MIP and NIP displayed comparable recoveries. Under optimized conditions, the recoveries of synthetic standards ranged from 62% to 100%. This new extraction method was applied to the determination of the lipid mediators concentration in human plasma and mouse tissues and compared to other methods based on commercially available cartridges. In general, the methods showed comparable performances. In terms of structural specificity, our newly synthesized materials accomplished better retention of prostaglandins (PGs), hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE), HEPE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETrE), and PUFA compounds, while the commercially available Strata-X showed a higher recovery for dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETrEs). In summary, our results suggest that this new material can be successfully implemented for the extraction of lipid mediators from biological samples.

In situ remediation of arsenic-rich mine tailings using slag zero valence iron

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-434
Author(s):  
Tingting Yue ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
X Ray

AbstractArsenopyrite (FeAsS) and realgar (As4S4) are two common arsenic minerals that often cause serious environmental issues. Centralised treatment of arsenic-containing tailings can reduce land occupation and save management costs. The current work examined the remediation schemes of tailings from Hunan Province, China, where by different tailings containing arsenopyrite and realgar were blended with exogenous slag zero valence iron (ZVI). Introducing Fe-oxidising bacteria (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) recreates a biologically oxidative environment. All bioleaching experiments were done over three stages, each for 7 days and the solid phase of all tests was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and selective extraction analyses. The results showed that the mixture group reduced arsenic release by 72.9–74.7% compared with the control group. The addition of 0.2 g ZVI clearly decreased arsenic release, and the addition of 4.0 g ZVI led to the lowest arsenic release among all tests. The decrease of arsenic released from the tailings was due to the adsorption and uptake of arsenic by secondary iron-containing minerals and Fe–As(V) secondary mineralisation. The addition of large amounts of ZVI reduced the arsenic detected in the amorphous Fe precipitates. Therefore, a low cost and integrated strategy to reduce arsenic release from tailings is to mix two typical tailings and apply exogenous slag ZVI, which can apply to the in situ remediation of two kinds or more arsenic-containing tailings.

scholarly journals A Modified Fluorimetric Method for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Homovanillic Acid Oxidation Principle

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Paital
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Multiple Samples

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level in biological samples is used as an important index in various studies. Quantification of H2O2level in tissue fractions in presence of H2O2metabolizing enzymes may always provide an incorrect result. A modification is proposed for the spectrofluorimetric determination of H2O2in homovanillic acid (HVA) oxidation method. The modification was included to precipitate biological samples with cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 5% w/v) followed by its neutralization with K2HPO4before the fluorimetric estimation of H2O2is performed. TCA was used to precipitate the protein portions contained in the tissue fractions. After employing the above modification, it was observed that H2O2content in tissue samples was ≥2 fold higher than the content observed in unmodified method. Minimum 2 h incubation of samples in reaction mixture was required for completion of the reaction. The stability of the HVA dimer as reaction product was found to be >12 h. The method was validated by using known concentrations of H2O2and catalase enzyme that quenches H2O2as substrate. This method can be used efficiently to determine more accurate tissue H2O2level without using internal standard and multiple samples can be processed at a time with additional low cost reagents such as TCA and K2HPO4.

Innovative Solutions for the Isolation of Vitamins from Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni D’Orazio ◽  
Alessandra Gentili ◽  
Salvatore Fanali ◽  
Chiara Fanali ◽  
Chiara Dal Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Sample Processing ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Microextraction Techniques ◽  
Neoteric Solvents

BACKGROUND: Isolation of vitamins from complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical and biological samples, is a demanding task. Progresses in material science are revolutionizing sample preparation, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive and selective analytical methods. In particular, the evolution of solid-phase extraction towards miniaturized techniques is closely related to the introduction of nanomaterials as new sorbents. Microextraction techniques, both solid-based and liquid-based, allow for the reduction of solvent and sample volumes, as well as the sample processing times. In many cases these procedures are also environmentally friendly. Moreover, the substitution of traditional organic solvents with the neoteric ones is another current trend in analytical chemistry. The aim of this review is to introduce readers to the innovative solutions available for the extraction of vitamins from matrices of different complexity. METHODS: Research papers in the literature of last five years are reviewed, providing a critical description of the most original and interesting sample preparation approaches devoted to vitamin isolation. RESULTS: Among the last 5 years literature concerning the analysis of vitamins in the clinical and pharmaceutical sectors, only 40% of works applied some innovative or green approaches to sample preparation. However, a general trend is the reduction of solvent volumes and sample processing times. CONCLUSION: The great potential of microextraction techniques based on nanomaterials and neoteric solvents has not been fully exploited yet in the clinical and pharmaceutical fields. Considering the high cost of carbon-based nanomaterials, it can be foreseen that the most promising solution for sample preparation in the near future are the liquid microextraction techniques based on neoteric solvents. Thanks to their low cost, environmental compatibility, simplicity, speediness and high enrichment factor, these extractive techniques are particularly attractive for vitamin analysis.

scholarly journals Biomass-Derived Adsorbent for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) from Food Samples Prior to ICP-MS Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7792
Author(s):  
Taghrid S. Alomar ◽  
Mohamed A. Habila ◽  
Najla AlMasoud ◽  
Zeid A. Alothman ◽  
Mohamed Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ms Detection ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Separation And Preconcentration

A biomass-derived adsorbent was simply prepared and applied as efficient and low-cost solid-phase supports. The adsorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The amorphous structure of the prepared adsorbent was indicated from the XRD. The prepared adsorbent exhibited surface functional groups such as carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, which enhance the application of DSPE. An accurate separation and preconcentration of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) prior to ICP-MS detection was achieved using the biomass-derived adsorbent. The extraction process was performed at pH 4 using 1 mL of 0.5 N nitric acid for elution and recovery of ions. The prepared biomass-derived adsorbent showed efficient performance for extraction application, exhibiting a preconcentration factor of 50 and LODs of 1.4, 2.4, 1.9 and 3.0 µg.L−1 for Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively, while the LOQs were reported as 4.1, 7.3, 5.7 and 8.9 µg.L−1 for Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The DSPE procedure presented was successfully applied to the determination of the Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) contamination in some food samples.

The Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers to Solid-Phase Extraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Hong Ying Pei ◽  
Gui Jun Shen ◽  
Yu Du
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Structural Analogues ◽  
Environmental And Biological Samples

A benefit of imprinted polymers is the possibility to prepare sorbents with selectivity pre-determined for a particular substance, or group of structural analogues. The application most close to a wider acceptance is probably that of solid phase extraction for clean-up of environmental and biological samples. The technique of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid phase extraction (MISPE) is performance and high selectively, compared with traditional sorbents. In this paper, the preparation and application of MIPs would be reviewed.

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