scholarly journals Recent Developments of PFAS-Detecting Sensors and Future Direction: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Rodriguez ◽  
Jae-Hoon Hwang ◽  
Amirsalar R. Esfahani ◽  
A H M Anwar Sadmani ◽  
Woo Hyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Direction

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently been labeled as toxic constituents that exist in many aqueous environments. However, traditional methods used to determine the level of PFASs are often not appropriate for continuous environmental monitoring and management. Based on the current state of research, PFAS-detecting sensors have surfaced as a promising method of determination. These sensors are an innovative solution with characteristics that allow for in situ, low-cost, and easy-to-use capabilities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments in PFAS-detecting sensors, and why the literature on determination methods has shifted in this direction compared to the traditional methods used. PFAS-detecting sensors discussed herein are primarily categorized in terms of the detection mechanism used. The topics covered also include the current limitations, as well as insight on the future direction of PFAS analyses. This paper is expected to be useful for the smart sensing technology development of PFAS detection methods and the associated environmental management best practices in smart cities of the future.

scholarly journals Open-Source Electronics Platforms as Enabling Technologies for Smart Cities: Recent Developments and Perspectives

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Costa ◽  
Cristian Duran-Faundez
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Programmable Devices ◽  
Hardware Platforms

With the increasing availability of affordable open-source embedded hardware platforms, the development of low-cost programmable devices for uncountable tasks has accelerated in recent years. In this sense, the large development community that is being created around popular platforms is also contributing to the construction of Internet of Things applications, which can ultimately support the maturation of the smart-cities era. Popular platforms such as Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard and Arduino come as single-board open-source platforms that have enough computational power for different types of smart-city applications, while keeping affordable prices and encompassing many programming libraries and useful hardware extensions. As a result, smart-city solutions based on such platforms are becoming common and the surveying of recent research in this area can support a better understanding of this scenario, as presented in this article. Moreover, discussions about the continuous developments in these platforms can also indicate promising perspectives when using these boards as key elements to build smart cities.

Recent Developments in North American Aluminum Structural Design Codes

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
J. Randolph Kissell
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Strength Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Direction

Since INALCO 2013, the two main North American aluminum structural design codes – the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) S157 Strength Design in Aluminum and the Aluminum Association’s Specification for Aluminum Structures – have undergone significant changes. S157’s 2015 edition is the first significant revision of the Canadian aluminum structural standard since 2005, and the 2015 update of the Specification for Aluminum Structures is the first since 2010. This paper addresses the specific changes and their trends, viewed from a larger perspective to anticipate the future direction of these codes.

A survey of the factors affecting the future intentions of Irish dairy farmers

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O'DONNELL ◽  
B. HORAN ◽  
A. M. BUTLER ◽  
L. SHALLOO
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Future ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Future Direction

SUMMARYEU milk quota deregulation has forced many farmers to reconsider the factors that will limit milk production into the future. Factors other than milk quota such as land, labour, capital, stock, etc. will become the limiting factor for many in a post-EU milk quota scenario. While it can be postulated what the limits to production will be in a post-quota scenario, how farmers react will determine the future direction of the industry. In order to determine the future attitudes and intentions and to identify the key factors influencing farmers who intend to expand, exit, remain static or contract their businesses in the future, a survey of a large group of Irish commercial dairy farmers was carried out. The telephone survey sample was chosen randomly, based on a proportional representation of suppliers to the largest milk processor in Ireland. The sample (780 suppliers) was broken down by quota size (five quota categories, Q1–Q5), supplier region and system of production. The sample was analysed to determine the effect of key survey variables on the future intentions of dairy farmers. The survey was completed by 659 suppliers (0·82 of the sample). The proportions of farmers intending to expand were 0·28, 0·47, 0·61, 0·61 and 0·56, respectively, for Q1–Q5, while the proportions intending to exit were 0·27, 0·18, 0·08, 0·09 and 0·08, respectively. Farmers who were intent on expanding had larger total farm areas, larger milk tank capacity per litre of milk quota, more modern milking facilities, more available cow housing and more housing that could be converted at a relatively low cost and were more likely to have a successor. Of those expanding, 0·60 wanted milk quotas abolished, while 0·36 of those planning to exit wanted milk quotas abolished. The level of expansion was affected by business scale, dairy stocking rate, the additional labour required with expansion and total and milking platform farm size.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Technology Applications in Forestry and REDD+

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Calders ◽  
Inge Jonckheere ◽  
Joanne Nightingale ◽  
Mikko Vastaranta
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Close Range

Advances in close-range and remote sensing technologies drive innovations in forest resource assessments and monitoring at varying scales. Data acquired with airborne and spaceborne platforms provide us with higher spatial resolution, more frequent coverage and increased spectral information. Recent developments in ground-based sensors have advanced three dimensional (3D) measurements, low-cost permanent systems and community-based monitoring of forests. The REDD+ mechanism has moved the remote sensing community in advancing and developing forest geospatial products which can be used by countries for the international reporting and national forest monitoring. However, there still is an urgent need to better understand the options and limitations of remote and close-range sensing techniques in the field of degradation and forest change assessment. This Special Issue contains 12 studies that provided insight into new advances in the field of remote sensing for forest management and REDD+. This includes developments into algorithm development using satellite data; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); airborne and terrestrial LiDAR; as well as forest reference emissions level (FREL) frameworks.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Zhang ◽  
Yulin Cong ◽  
Yichun Huang ◽  
Xin Du
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials

With the development of nanomaterials and sensor technology, nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors have been widely employed in various fields. Nanomaterials for electrode modification are emerging one after another in order to improve the performance of electrochemical immunosensors. When compared with traditional detection methods, electrochemical immunosensors have the advantages of simplicity, real-time analysis, high sensitivity, miniaturization, rapid detection time, and low cost. Here, we summarize recent developments in electrochemical immunosensors based on nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, and quantum dots. Additionally, we discuss research challenges and future prospects for this field of study.

scholarly journals The FFC Cambridge Process for Production of Low Cost Titanium and Titanium Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bertolini ◽  
Lee Shaw ◽  
Lucy England ◽  
Kartik Rao ◽  
James Deane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
The Future ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Future Direction

The current status and recent advancements in the use of the FFC Cambridge process for the production of low cost titanium and titanium powders is presented. This will include an overview of the process, current and future process equipment and recent results in terms of chemistry, structure and properties of powder and consolidated product. The future direction and activities for the FFC Cambridge process will also be briefly discussed.

Hospitality technology progress towards intelligent buildings: a perspective article

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Leung
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
The Future ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Hotel Managers

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the past technology in hotel and forecast the future direction of technology adoption in hotels. Design/methodology/approach Academic papers not only from hospitality journals but also from technology-related journals were collected and reviewed to propose the future hospitality technology development trends. Findings The hospitality software application has moved from local-based to server-based to Web-based to cloud-based platforms. Business data analysis methods have also undergone an evolution from descriptive analysis using historical data to predictive analysis by mining big data collected from the sensors and web-crawlers, which consolidates both commercial data and macro-environment data. Future hotel buildings could provide ambient management that responses to external environments automatically to provide an eco-friendly and cosy environment to hotel guests. Responsive building envelopes, façade systems and autonomous furniture will allow hotel managers to customised the function space layout according to customers’ needs and maximise unoccupied space utilisation. Originality/value Reviewed 75 years of IT evolution and forecast future hotel intelligent building with ambient intelligence to provide customizable, eco-friendly and cosy environment for hotel guests.

A Detection Method for Botnet Based on Behavior Features

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 1512-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ming Li ◽  
Song Lin Xie ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Xiao Dong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Network Traffic ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
Correlation Rules ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Security Network ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Effective Result

How to detect Botnet has become a very important problem in security network. The existent detection methods based on network traffic and host behaviors cant handle the emergency Botnets. In this paper we present an optimized method to analyze the similarity and time period of Botnets behaviors. In the end, our method gets an effective result. Our method uses the IDS-like architecture, which develops six specific components to detect six important Botnets abnormal behaviors. And it builds correlation rules to calculate match score. Through the experiments described in the paper, we can see that our method can not only detect already known Botnets precisely, but also detect unknown Botnets to some extent. The experiments prove that our method is effective and it has some advantages compared with other methods. At last, the paper proposes the future direction and the points that need to be improved.

scholarly journals DoS Attack Detection and Path Collision Localization in NoC-Based MPSoC Architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Chaves ◽  
Siavoosh Azad ◽  
Thomas Hollstein ◽  
Johanna Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Multiprocessor System ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Low Area ◽  
On Chip

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are an increasing threat for Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) architectures. By exploiting the shared resources on the chip, an attacker is able to prevent completion or degrade the performance of a task. This is extremely dangerous for MPSoCs used in critical applications. The Network-on-Chip (NoC), as a central MPSoC infrastructure, is exposed to this attack. In order to maintain communication availability, NoCs should be enhanced with an effective and precise attack detection mechanism that allows the triggering of effective attack mitigation mechanisms. Previous research works demonstrate DoS attacks on NoCs and propose detection methods being implemented in NoC routers. These countermeasures typically led to a significantly increased router complexity and to a high degradation of the MPSoC’s performance. To this end, we present two contributions. First, we provide an analysis of information that helps to narrow down the location of the attacker in the MPSoC, achieving up to a 69% search space reduction for locating the attacker. Second, we propose a low cost mechanism for detecting the location and direction of the interference, by enhancing the communication packet structure and placing communication degradation monitors in the NoC routers. Our experiments show that our NoC router architecture detects single-source DoS attacks and determines, with high precision, the location and direction of the collision, while incurring a low area and power overhead.

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