Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration

Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces in a rat model of a diaphyseal femoral fracture. Methodological approaches of surface modification of the Ti implants via the usual joining methods (e.g., grit blasting and acid etching) and advanced physicochemical coating via a self-assembled dip-coating method were used. The biomimetic procedure used multi-substituted hydroxyapatite (ms-HAP) HAP-1.5wt%Mg-0.2wt%Zn-0.2wt%Si nanoparticles (NPs), which were functionalized using collagen type 1 molecules (COL), resulting in ms-HAP/COL (core/shell) NPs that were embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and finally covered with COL layers, obtaining the ms-HAP/COL@PLA/COL composite. To assess the osseointegration issue, first, the thickness, surface morphology and roughness of the BC coating on the Ti implants were determined using AFM and SEM. The BC-coated Ti implants and uncoated Ti implants were then used in Wistar albino rats with a diaphyseal femoral fracture, both in the absence and the presence of high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic shortwave (HF-PESW) stimulation. This study was performed using a bone marker serum concentration and histological and computer tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 2 and 8 weeks after surgical implantation. The implant osseointegration was evaluated through the bone–implant contact (BIC). The bone–implant interface was investigated using FE-SEM images and EDX spectra of the retrieved surgical implants at 8 weeks in the four animal groups. The obtained results showed significantly higher bone–implants contact and bone volume per tissue volume, as well as a greater amount of newly formed bone, in the BC-coated Ti implants than in the uncoated Ti implants. Direct bone–implant contact was also confirmed via histological examination. The results of this study confirmed that these biomimetic composite coatings on Ti implants were essential for a significant enhancement of osseointegration of BC-coated Ti implants and bone regeneration. This research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of bone fractures with possible orthopedic applications.

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Radix Dipsaci extract protects against Rosiglitazone induced bone loss

International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22192/ijcrcps.2021.08.09.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Khalid A Asseri ◽

◽

Yahya I Asiri ◽

Ali Alqahtani ◽

Krishnaraju Venkatesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Diabetic Osteoporosis

The dried root of Dipsacus asperoides is known as Radix Dipsaci extract(RDE). It's a kidney-toning herbal medication with a lengthy track record of safe usage in the treatment of bone fractures and joint disorders. The drug rosiglitazone (RSG) causes an imbalance in bone remodelling, which results in increased apoptotic death of osteogenic cells and decreased bone production. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of RDE on RSGinduced bone loss in diabetic rats in a systematic way. Five groups of six Wistar albino rats were studied: control (vehicle therapy), Streptozotocin (diabetes) group, RDE group, Rosiglitazone, and Rosiglitazone +RDE group. Insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover markers in the blood were all detected using ELISA tests. When compared to diabetic control rats, RDE therapy significantly raised insulin and osteocalcin levels. RDE may be able to prevent diabetic osteoporosis by boosting osteogenesis and lowering oxidative stress in the bone.These findings support the use of RDE as a bone loss inhibiting in diabetics. Well-designed clinical trials are likely to yield further scientific evidence on its bone-protective effects and safety. Keywords: Radix Dipsaci, Diabetic osteoporosis, Rosiglitazone.

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Mechanical flexural ex vivo study of osteotomized swine femurs stabilized with two types of polyamide 12 rods

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160757 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Scarpa da Silveira Almeida ◽

Débora de Oliveira Garcia ◽

Renato Camargo Bortholin ◽

Carlos Amaral Razzino ◽

Cristiane dos Santos Honsho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Fracture Site ◽

Medullary Canal ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Long Bone ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Polyamide 12 ◽

Implant System

ABSTRACT: Long bone fractures are commonly in surgery routine and several bone imobilization techniques are currently available. Technological progress has enabled to use low cost materials in surgical procedures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of polyamide 12 rods, solid and hollow in swine femurs, comparing them through flexion strength. This study had as second aim to fix the locking errors, commom place in interlocking nails, once polyamide 12 allows perforation in any direction by orthopaedic screw. Six groups were used: G1 - eight whole swine femurs; G2 - eight whole swine femurs with drilled medullary canal; G3 - two solid polyamide 12 rods; G4 - two hollow polyamide 12 rods; G5 - eight osteotomized drilled swine femurs with a solid polyamide 12 rod implanted in the medullary canal and locked by four 316L stainless steel screws; and G6 - similar to G5 but using hollow rods instead of solid ones. No significant differences were observed for the modulus of rupture between solid and hollow rods, demonstrating that both rods had similar performances. These results led to the speculation that the addition of other polymers to the hollow rods could increase their strength and thus the bone-implant system. Furthermore, the comparison between G1, G5 and G6 could be analyzed using the finite element method in future. New polymeric materials may be developed based on the data from this study, strengthening the bone-implant system and making possible screws to be placed in any direction, nullifying the detrimental forces on the fracture site.

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Strontium-Loaded Nanotubes of Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn Alloys for Biomedical Implantation

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2021.3160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1812-1823

Author(s):

Fei Liu ◽

Xinyu Wang ◽

Shujun Li ◽

Yiheng Liao ◽

Xinxin Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Contact Rate ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Tissue Slices ◽

Bone Implant ◽

P Elements ◽

Low Elastic Modulus ◽

Bone Implant Contact

Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn (Ti2448) alloys, with a relatively low elastic modulus and unique mechanical properties, are desirable materials for oral implantation. In the current study, a multifaceted strontium-incorporating nanotube coating was fabricated on a Ti2448 alloy (Ti2-NTSr) through anodization and hydrothermal procedures. In vitro, the Ti2-NTSr specimens demonstrated better osteogenic properties and more favorable osteoimmunomodulatory abilities. Moreover, macrophages on Ti2-NTSr specimens could improve the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. In vivo, dense clots with highly branched, thin fibrins and small pores existed on the Ti2-NTSr implant in the early stage after surgery. Analysis of the deposition of Ca and P elements, hard tissue slices and the bone-implant contact rate (BIC%) of the Ti2-NTSr implants also showed superior osseointegration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Ti2-NTSr coating may maximize the clinical outcomes of Ti2448 alloys for implantation applications.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Zein/Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Surfaces ◽

10.3390/surfaces3020018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 237-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yusra Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Yasir ◽

Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Sem Images ◽

Taguchi Design Of Experiments ◽

Hydrophilic Nature ◽

Strong Adhesion ◽

Steel Substrates

Stainless steel is renowned for its wide use as a biomaterial, but its relatively high corrosion rate in physiological environments restricts many of its clinical applications. To overcome the corrosion resistance of stainless steel bio-implants in physiological environments and to improve its osseointegration behavior, we have developed a unique zein/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coating on a stainless steel substrate by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD). The EPD parameters were optimized using the Taguchi Design of experiments (DoE) approach. The EPD parameters, such as the concentration of bio-ceramic particles in the polymer solution, applied voltage and deposition time were optimized on stainless steel substrates by applying a mixed design orthogonal Taguchi array. The coatings were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wettability studies. SEM images and EDX results indicated that the zein/HA coating was successfully deposited onto the stainless steel substrates. The wettability and roughness studies elucidated the mildly hydrophilic nature of the zein/HA coatings, which confirmed the suitability of the developed coatings for biomedical applications. Zein/HA coatings improved the corrosion resistance of bare 316L stainless steel. Moreover, zein/HA coatings showed strong adhesion with the 316L SS substrate for biomedical applications. Zein/HA developed dense HA crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid, which confirmed the bone binding ability of the coatings. Thus the zein/HA coatings presented in this study have a strong potential to be considered for orthopedic applications.

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Vertical Bone Implant Contact Around Anterior Immediate Implants and Their Stability After Using Either Alloplast or L-PRF or Both in Peri-Implant Gap: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery ◽

10.1007/s12663-020-01426-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Shahbaz Alam ◽

Arjun Dhiman ◽

Veena Jain ◽

Ongkila Bhutia ◽

Gunjan Pruthi

Keyword(s):

Randomized Trial ◽

Prospective Randomized Trial ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Immediate Implants

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In VivoMicroCT Monitoring of Osteomyelitis in a Rat Model

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/587857 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Vincent A. Stadelmann ◽

Inga Potapova ◽

Karin Camenisch ◽

Dirk Nehrbass ◽

R. Geoff Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Bone Changes ◽

Bone Fraction ◽

Microct Imaging

Infection associated with orthopedic implants often results in bone loss and requires surgical removal of the implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of bone adjacent to a bacteria-colonized implant, with the aim of identifying temporal patterns that are characteristic of infection. In anin vivostudy with rats, bone changes were assessed usingin vivomicroCT at 7 time points during a one-month postoperative period. The rats received either a sterile orStaphylococcus aureus-colonized polyetheretherketone screw in the tibia. Bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and bone changes (quiescent, resorbed, and new bone) were calculated from consecutive scans and validated against histomorphometry. The screw pullout strength was estimated from FE models and the results were validated against mechanical testing. In the sterile group, bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and mechanical fixation increased steadily until day 14 and then plateaued. In the infected group, they decreased rapidly. Bone formation was reduced while resorption was increased, with maximum effects observed within 6 days. In summary, the model presented is capable of evaluating the patterns of bone changes due to implant-related infections. The combined use of longitudinalin vivomicroCT imaging and image-based finite element analysis provides characteristic signs of infection within 6 days.

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Anodisation Increases Integration of Unloaded Titanium Implants in Sheep Mandible

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/857969 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Warwick J. Duncan ◽

Min-Ho Lee ◽

Tae-Sung Bae ◽

Sook-Jeong Lee ◽

Jennifer Gay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Implant ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Stability ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Implant Stability Quotient ◽

Phosphate Ions ◽

Surface Control ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

The Subject ◽

Clinically Significant

Spark discharge anodic oxidation forms porous TiO2films on titanium implant surfaces. This increases surface roughness and concentration of calcium and phosphate ions and may enhance early osseointegration. To test this, forty 3.75 mm × 13 mm titanium implants (Megagen, Korea) were placed into healed mandibular postextraction ridges of 10 sheep. There were 10 implants per group: RBM surface (control), RBM + anodised, RBM + anodised + fluoride, and titanium alloy + anodised surface. Resonant frequency analysis (RFA) was measured in implant stability quotient (ISQ) at surgery and at sacrifice after 1-month unloaded healing. Mean bone-implant contact (% BIC) was measured in undemineralised ground sections for the best three consecutive threads. One of 40 implants showed evidence of failure. RFA differed between groups at surgery but not after 1 month. RFA values increased nonsignificantly for all implants after 1 month, except for controls. There was a marked difference in BIC after 1-month healing, with higher values for alloy implants, followed by anodised + fluoride and anodised implants. Anodisation increased early osseointegration of rough-surfaced implants by 50–80%. RFA testing lacked sufficient resolution to detect this improvement. Whether this gain in early bone-implant contact is clinically significant is the subject of future experiments.

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