scholarly journals Geographical Isolation, Buried Depth, and Physicochemical Traits Drive the Variation of Species Diversity and Prokaryotic Community in Three Typical Hypersaline Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxing Chen ◽  
Yao Xu ◽  
Libby Helfant
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Prokaryotic Community ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Salt Mines

The prokaryotic community composition, species diversity and the distribution patterns at various taxonomic levels in a salt lake (Chaka salt lake), solar salterns (Taipei saltworks and Dongfang saltworks), and salt mines (Yuanyongjing salt mine, Xiangyan salt mine, and Dinyuan salt mine) were investigated using clone library or Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The clone library approach revealed that the salt lake harbors low species diversity (H’ = 0.98) as compared to the solar saltern (H’ = 4.36) and salt mine (H’ = 3.57). The dominant group in the salt lake is a species from the genus Haloparvum which constitutes about 85% of the total sequences analyzed. The species diversities in salt salterns and salt mines are richer than in the salt lake, and the dominant group is less significant in terms of total percentage. High-throughput sequencing showed that geographical isolation greatly impacted on the microbial community (phyla level) and species diversity (operational taxonomic units (OTUs) level) of salt mines. Species of the genus Natronomonas are found in all three types of environments investigated. In addition, the microbial community and species diversity of different stratums of the salt mine are very similar. Furthermore, species of the genus Halorubrum flourish in the newest stratum of salt mine and have become the dominant group. This study provides some new knowledge on the species diversity and prokaryotic community composition of three typical hypersaline environments.

scholarly journals Microbial community in persistent apical periodontitis: a 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Zakaria ◽  
T. Takeshita ◽  
Y. Shibata ◽  
H. Maeda ◽  
N. Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clone Library Analysis

scholarly journals Do temperate tree species diversity and identity influence soil microbial community function and composition?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 7965-7974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Khlifa ◽  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Christian Messier ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Alison D. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Function ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Community Function

scholarly journals The therapeutic effect of a person staying in a salt mine due to the low background level of atomic radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Gayaz H. Harisov ◽  
Aleksander G. Zavorotny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
Low Levels

The therapeutic effect of people staying in salt mines is currently explained by the fact that people inhale salt spray particulates. Based on an experimental study, the article proves that this therapeutic effect is the result of super-low levels of atomic radiation in the space of salt mines.

Opal-A and associated microbes from Wairakei, New Zealand: the first 300 days

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Y. Smith ◽  
S. J. Turner ◽  
K. A. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractAll samples of silica sinter, <2 y old taken from the discharge drain of the Wairakei geothermal power station and the Rainbow Terrace of Orakei Korako, consist of non-crystalline opal-A. This silica phase deposits directly upon the concrete drain wall and filamentous templets, extending from this wall, afforded by the microbial community present in the drain, whose nature was determined by a culture- independent strategy that entailed construction, fingerprinting and sequencing of a 16S clone library. The bacterial community is dominated by five major groups of organisms, present in approximately equal proportions, and which account for ∼50% of the community. None of the 16S sequences from these dominant groups yielded a perfect match with 16S sequences for named organisms in the international databases. However one dominant group clusters withHydrogenophilus thermoluteus,a thermophilic filamentous bacterium, and two cluster with putatively thermophilic members of theCyanobacteriaand green non-sulphur bacteria respectively. Initial opal-A deposits rapidly as agglomerations of silica nanospheres that, in turn, form chains of coalesced, oblate, microspheres <0.4 x 0.2 mm about the barbicel-like filaments, to produce a mat of fine woven strands. The majority of individual filaments are <8 μm long and 0.8 mm wide but may be up to 55 mm long by 1 mm wide. Where laminar flow dominates, most strands develop parallel to the drain current but some strands crisscross while others protrude above the mat surface. Where flow is turbulent, strands lack preferred orientation and some adopt a helical form. In general, following deposition, the values of the scattering broadband at half (FWHM) and three quarters (FWTM) of the maximum intensity decrease with increasing sample age. The behaviour of the band at one quarter maximum intensity (FWQM) is less consistent, but, in general, the youngest sinters possess the highest FWQM, FWHM and FWTM values that prove independent of fabric type. Opal-A silica matures following its removal from the parent fluid, especially where the sinter surface is filmed by water. A continual movement of silica is shown by a second generation of microspheres formed on the silica mat surface, by an increase in size of the initial microspheres, and by an increase in maximum intensity of the X-ray scattering broadbands. Similar silica aging behaviour occurs among young sinters developed upon microbial mats at Orakei Korako. The deposition and aging processes accord with the known behaviour of juvenile opaline silica in both natural and artificial systems whose pH, temperature and dissolved salt content are similar to Wairakei and Rainbow terrace: gelling of silica is favoured by the high pH (∼8.3) and temperature (∼60°C) of the Wairakei discharge fluid but the high dissolved salt content of the water (Na+= 930 μg/g, Ca2+= 12 μg/g, Cl = 1500 μg/g) and abundant microbial community facilitate rapid and copious flocculation of solid silica within the drain, in contrast to the slower accumulation on the natural sinter terrace at lower temperature (30—45°C) from less saline dilute bicarbonate-chloride waters (Na+= 180 μg/g, Ca2+= 0.2 μg/g, Cl = 400 μg/g, pH = 8.1).

Detection of mantle CO2 in an underground salt mine via long-term and high-resolution monitoring by laser-based isotope techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Axel Zimmer ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Isotope System

&lt;p&gt;Salt deposits may be affected by post-depositional CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; intrusions. In central Germany, such CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contributions from the mantle may originate from Tertiary Rh&amp;#246;n- and Vogelsberg-volcanism. The intrusion of those gases may cause technical and operational implications for storage caverns and salt mines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbon isotope compositions of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are useful tools to differentiate between sources and are expressed as &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values in &amp;#8240; versus an international standard known as the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). Typical average endmember values for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from the mantle are -5.1 &amp;#8240;, while background air and anthropogenic influences range around averages of -11.9 &amp;#8240; and -29.8&amp;#8240;. Detection of fluctuations between these endmembers can be challenging with discrete sampling. This can be overcome by high-temporal resolution and long-term monitoring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Towards this purpose, a laser-based isotope system was set up in an active underground salt mine in central Germany. For 34 days, continuous measurements of &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and concentrations of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were generated close to a site where mantle CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; intrusions were suspected. A timer regularly switched intakes from two capillaries, of which one was placed inside a borehole and the other in ambient air of the mine. Measured CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations ranged between 700 and 1600 ppmV, while &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values ranged between -21.5 &amp;#8240; and -11.5 &amp;#8240;. Lower concentrations coincided with more positive isotope values and occurred around weekends when anthropogenic influences in the mine were less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While influences of fresh air venting may have caused these weekly shifts, the admixture of mantle CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; seemed to play a continuous role. This is because small differences between the capillary from the borehole and the one with ambient air existed throughout the time series. Our results indicate that short-term dynamics on the order of hours to days are overlain by admixtures mantle gas intrusions of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Virioplankton Community Structure in Tunisian Solar Salterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (20) ◽  
pp. 7429-7437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Boujelben ◽  
Pablo Yarza ◽  
Cristina Almansa ◽  
Judith Villamor ◽  
Sami Maalej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Metagenomic Dna ◽  
Solar Salterns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Saturation Systems

ABSTRACTThe microbial community inhabiting Sfax solar salterns on the east coast of Tunisia has been studied by means of different molecular and culture-dependent tools that have unveiled the presence of novel microbial groups as well as a community structure different from that of other coastal hypersaline environments. We have focused on the study of the viral assemblages of these salterns and their changes along the salinity gradient and over time. Viruses from three ponds (C4, M1, and TS) encompassing salinities from moderately hypersaline to saturated (around 14, 19, and 35%, respectively) were sampled in May and October 2009 and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Additionally, for all three October samples and the May TS sample, viral metagenomic DNA was cloned in fosmids, end sequenced, and analyzed. Viral concentration, as well as virus-to-cell ratios, increased along the salinity gradient, with around 1010virus-like particles (VLPs)/ml in close-to-saturation ponds, which represents the highest viral concentration reported so far for aquatic systems. Four distinct morphologies could be observed with TEM (spherical, tailed, spindled, and filamentous) but with various proportions in the different samples. Metagenomic analyses indicated that every pond harbored a distinct viral assemblage whose G+C content could be roughly correlated with that of the active part of the microbial community that may have constituted the putative hosts. As previously reported for hypersaline metaviromes, most sequences did not have matches in the databases, although some were conserved among the Sfax metaviromes. BLASTx, BLASTp, and dinucleotide frequency analyses indicated that (i) factors additional to salinity could be structuring viral communities and (ii) every metavirome had unique gene contents and dinucleotide frequencies. Comparison with hypersaline metaviromes available in the databases indicated that the viral assemblages present in close-to-saturation environments located thousands of kilometers apart presented some common traits among them in spite of their differences regarding the putative hosts. A small core metavirome for close-to-saturation systems was found that contained 7 sequences of around 100 nucleotides (nt) whose function was not hinted at byin silicosearch results, although it most likely represents properties essential for hyperhalophilic viruses.

Biodegradation of Lindane and Lignocellulose by Microbial Community

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Chang Li Liu ◽  
Zong Jun Cui ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rdna Clone Library ◽  
Rdna Clone

In order to investigate the capability of degradation lindane and lignocellulose of a microbial community, the gas chromatography(GC) was used to determine the concentration of lindane. After 18 days cultured, lindane reduced 6.25% more than the control. And the result of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) showed that the species and quantum of fermentation productions changed much in different phase. In order to determine the bacterial composition of the community, clone library was used to clarified bacterial composition. Constructed 16S rDNA clone library showed 60% closest relative among them were known the detailed information. Strain of closest relative of Clostridium may be main contribute to lignocellulose degradation, and closest relative of Proteobacterium may be the main contribute to degradation organochlorine pesticide (lindane).

Terrestrial algae of hypersaline environments of the Central Syvash islands (Kherson Region, Ukraine)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Vinogradova ◽  
Tatyana Darienko
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Terrestrial Algae ◽  
Oxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Original Drawings

AbstractIn hypersaline environments of the Churiuk and Kuyuk-Tuk islands located in Central Syvash lagoon (Ukraine) 93 species of oxygenic phototrophs (49 Cyanoprokaryota, 29 Chlorophyta, 12 Bacillariophyta, 2 Xanthophyta, 1 Streptophyta, 1 Eustigmatophyta) are recorded. The sites studied represent four basic types of habitats: semi-terrestrial ecotone (littoral heavy-loam solonchak free of vascular plants), wet gleyic solonchak covered by sparce halophytic vegetation, gleyic solonetz under saline meadow vegetation, and chestnut solonetzic soil with Steppa salsuginosa formation. They differ in the taxonomic composition and species diversity of algae. The highest species diversity is observed at sites of wet gleyic solonchaks (71 species of five divisions), the lowest diversity (23 species belonging to three divisions) in the harsh littoral ecotone. The distribution and abundance of species in the four habitats are discussed with reference to their ecology. Descriptions and original drawings of noteworthy taxa of Chlorophyta and Xanthophyta are presented.

scholarly journals Conditionally rare taxa contribute but do not account for prokaryotic community changes in soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kaminsky ◽  
Sergio E. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Prokaryotic Community ◽  
Rare Taxa ◽  
Community Turnover ◽  
Total Community ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Filters

AbstractConditionally rare taxa (CRT) are thought to greatly impact microbial community turnover across many environments, but little is known about their role in soils. Here, we investigate the contribution of CRT to whole community variation over space and time in a series of geographically distinct soils dedicated to three agricultural practices of differing intensities and sampled over a full seasonal cycle. We demonstrate that soil CRT do not account for observed total community changes, but that these rare taxa can be modified by spatiotemporal filters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document