scholarly journals Fusarium Species in Mangrove Soil in Northern Peninsular Malaysia and the Soil Physico-Chemical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Wafa S. Mohamed Zubi ◽  
Masratul Hawa Mohd ◽  
Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor ◽  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mangrove Soils

Fusarium genus comprises important saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi and is widespread in nature. The present study reports the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in soils from two mangrove forests in northern Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed physico-chemical properties of the mangrove soil. Based on TEF-1α sequences, nine Fusarium species were identified: Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) (n = 77), Fusarium verticillioides (n = 20), Fusarium incarnatum (n = 10), Fusarium proliferatum (n = 7), Fusarium lateritium (n = 4), Fusarium oxysporum (n = 3), Fusarium rigidiuscula (n = 2), Fusarium chlamydosporum (n = 1), and Fusarium camptoceras (n = 1); FSSC isolates were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined TEF-1α and ITS sequences revealed diverse phylogenetic affinities among the FSSC isolates and potentially new phylogenetic clades of FSSC. Soil analysis showed varied carbon content, pH, soil moisture, and salinity, but not nitrogen content, between sampling locations. Regardless of the physico-chemical properties, various Fusarium species were recovered from the mangrove soils. These were likely saprophytes; however, some were well-known plant pathogens and opportunistic human pathogens. Thus, mangrove soils might serve as inoculum sources for plant and human pathogenic Fusarium species. The present study demonstrates the occurrence of various Fusarium species in the extreme environment of mangrove soil, thereby contributing to the knowledge on species diversity in Fusarium.

scholarly journals Biostimulation Potentials of Cow Dung on a Crude Oil Polluted Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Okunwaye, Iris ◽  
Ogboghodo, Ikponmwosa ◽  
Ewansiha, Sylvester ◽  
Oriakpono, Obemeata
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

This field study was conducted to investigate the biostimulation effect of the application of cow dung to crude oil polluted soils. Four rates of crude oil (0, 100, 200 and 300 mL) and four rates of cow dung (0, 20, 40 and 60 g) were used respectively. It comprised of sixteen (16) treatment combinations replicated thrice, for a total of forty eight (48) plots with each plot measuring 1m x 1m. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. Bacteria, fungi and Physico-chemical properties of the soils were determined before pollution, two weeks after pollution and at the end of the experiment. The results for the physicochemical properties of soil indicate an increase in pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (N) while Phosphorus (P) decreased as the level of crude oil increased despite remediation with cow dung. There was an increase in the bacterial count for both the control and the treatment groups. The result range from 1.3 X104 to 77.2 X104. The genus of bacteria identified were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Clostridium and Nocardia species. Four isolates were gram-positive while 2 were gram negative. Five were rod-shaped while one was coccus in form, while the fungal isolates are Cladosporium, Pichia, Aspergillus, Fusarium species. Soil analysis during the experiment revealed a general negative correlation coefficient implying enhanced remediation during the trial periods.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Analysis of Mangrove Soil, Kundapura, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Vijaya Kumar Kallushettihalli Mallappa ◽  
Vijaya Kumara
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present study was carried out to determine the periodic variation in physico-chemical characteristics of mangrove soil samples. The soil samples had been accrued from four distinctive places of Kundapura mangrove areas in three seasons, monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Soil analysis pertaining to various variables such as total Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, pH and Electrical conductivity. Soil pH is assorted from 3.84 to 6.66. Electrical conductivity is assorted from 0.02 dSm-1 to 9.60 dSm-1. Available nitrogen is assorted from 30.7 kg/ha to 323 kg/ha. Available phosphorus concentration has ranged between 1.37 kg/ha and 47.27 kg/ha. Available potassium is differed from 117.43 kg/ha to 537.63 kg/ha. The results confirmed variations in all of the analyzed parameters of the soils amassed from four stations.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil physico-chemical properties and total viable bacterial counts in Sunderban mangrove forests, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zabed Hossain ◽  
Chaman Binta Aziz ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Although soil bacterial communities are one of the important biotic components that influence decomposition and nutrient mineralization in the terrestrial ecosystems, factors driving this biotic community in the Sunderban mangrove forests are not well studied. The present study examined the importance of soil physico?chemical properties in driving soil bacterial communities in the Sunderban mangrove forests, Bangladesh. Soils were collected from 12 locations under four sites, namely Koromjal, Kotka, Hironpoint, and Dublarchar of Sunderban forests. Results showed a large range of variation in total bacterial colony counts (7.65 × 104 ? 14.5 × 104 cfu/g soil), soil moisture (9.0 ? 27.0%), total nitrogen (0.057 ? 0.158%), available nitrogen (0.504 ? 2.016 ?g/g soil), soil salinity (20.99 ? 34.99 mg chloride/g soil), and organic carbon (0.460 ? 0.885%). Data of the present study revealed that the number of total viable bacterial count was significantly and positively correlated only with total nitrogen content in soil indicating that total nitrogen content is the major driving factor of bacterial communities in the Sunderban mangrove forest soils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i2.11515 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 21(2): 169-175, 2012 (July)

scholarly journals Spatial Variability and Relationship of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter to Organic Carbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pasicha Chaikaew ◽  
Suchana Chavanich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Mangrove Soils ◽  
Relationship Of

Degradation and destruction of mangrove forests in many regions have resulted in the alteration of carbon cycling. Objectives of this study were established to answer the question regarding how much soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in wetland soils in part of the upper northeastern Gulf of Thailand and to what extent SOC is related to organic matter (OM). A total of 29 soil samples were collected in October 2015. Soil physiochemical analyses followed the standard protocol. Spatial distributions were estimated by a kriging method. Linear regression and coefficient were used to determine the suitable conversion factor for mangrove soils. The results showed that surface soil (0–5 cm) contained higher SOC content as compared to subsurface soil (5–10 cm). Considering a depth of 10 cm, this area had a high potential to sequester carbon with a mean ± standard deviation of5.59±2.24%. The spatial variability of OM and SOC revealed that organic matter and carbon decreased with the distance from upstream areas toward the gulf. Based on the assumption that OM is 50% SOC, the conversion factor of 2 is recommended for more accuracy rather than the conventional factor of 1.724.

scholarly journals Depth Integrated Microbial Community and Physico-Chemical Properties in Mangrove Soil of Sundarban, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Das ◽  
Minati De ◽  
Dipnarayan Ganguly ◽  
Tushar Kanti Maiti ◽  
Abhishek Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Fungal Community Composition and Enzyme Activity in Different Type Bark of Pinus koraiensis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Yu-Lian Wei ◽  
Qiu-Shi Li ◽  
Zhen Bai ◽  
Qing-Xue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. is an endemic and dominant tree in temperate zone needle broad-leaf mixed forest and has great economic and ecological value. As the barrier, pine bark has many important functions. However, the ecological functions and forming mechanism of bark fungal community are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to reveal the fungal community of Korean pine bark from Changbai Nature Reserve of Northeast China. Based on Illumina Hiseq2000 platform with five different types from three sites, the results showed that the bark types and collecting sites have strong influence on the fungal community structure. CCA demonstrates the physico-chemical properties of barks and sample collecting height are important factors. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between dominant ASVs and these factors showed the impact in detail. Dominant ASVs in living and dead tree bark are animal or plant pathogens mainly, and they are negative with the total N and P. Meanwhile, wood saprotroph and other undefined saprotroph fungi occur in the bark near the ground and they prefer the substrate with higher total N and P content. Furthermore, enzymes activities including lignin-related oxidoreductases, cellulose and hydrolytic enzyme are affected significantly by the bark’s physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Organic Carbon Stabilization Mechanisms in Mangrove Soils: A Review

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morimaru Kida ◽  
Nobuhide Fujitake
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Mangrove Soils ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Mangrove Roots ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mangrove Peat

Despite the recognized organic carbon (OC) sequestration potential of mangrove forests, the ongoing climate change and anthropogenic disturbances pose a great threat to these ecosystems. However, we currently lack the ability to mechanically understand and predict the consequences of such impacts, primarily because mechanisms underlying OC stabilization in these ecosystems remain elusive. Research into OC stabilization has focused on terrestrial soils and marine sediments for decades, overlooking the vegetated coastal ecosystems including mangroves. In terrestrial soils and marine sediments, it is widely accepted that OC stabilization is the integrated consequence of OM’s inherent recalcitrance, physical protection, and interactions with minerals and metals. However, related discussion is rarely done in mangrove soils, and recalcitrance of roots and high net ecosystem production (high primary production and low heterotrophic respiration) have been considered as a primary OC sequestration mechanism in mangrove peat and mineral soils, respectively. This review presents the available information on the mechanisms underlying OC stabilization in mangrove soils and highlights research questions that warrant further investigation. Primary OC stabilization mechanisms differ between mangrove peat and mineral soils. In mangrove mineral soils, physico-chemical stabilization processes are important, yet grossly understudied OC stabilization mechanisms. In mangrove peat, recalcitrance of mangrove roots and the inhibition of phenoloxidase under the anoxic condition may be the primary OC stabilization mechanisms. Salinity-induced OC immobilization likely plays a role in both type of soils. Finally, this review argues that belowground production and allochthonous inputs in mangrove forests are likely underestimated. More studies are needed to constrain C budgets to explain the enigma that mangrove OC keeps accumulating despite much higher decomposition (especially by large lateral exports) than previously considered.

scholarly journals Recent Nitrogen Storage and Accumulation Rates in Mangrove Soils Exceed Historic Rates in the Urbanized San Juan Bay Estuary (Puerto Rico, United States)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathleen Wigand ◽  
Autumn J. Oczkowski ◽  
Benjamin L. Branoff ◽  
Meagan Eagle ◽  
Alana Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Storage ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Mangrove Soils

Tropical mangrove forests have been described as “coastal kidneys,” promoting sediment deposition and filtering contaminants, including excess nutrients. Coastal areas throughout the world are experiencing increased human activities, resulting in altered geomorphology, hydrology, and nutrient inputs. To effectively manage and sustain coastal mangroves, it is important to understand nitrogen (N) storage and accumulation in systems where human activities are causing rapid changes in N inputs and cycling. We examined N storage and accumulation rates in recent (1970 – 2016) and historic (1930 – 1970) decades in the context of urbanization in the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE, Puerto Rico), using mangrove soil cores that were radiometrically dated. Local anthropogenic stressors can alter N storage rates in peri-urban mangrove systems either directly by increasing N soil fertility or indirectly by altering hydrology (e.g., dredging, filling, and canalization). Nitrogen accumulation rates were greater in recent decades than historic decades at Piñones Forest and Martin Peña East. Martin Peña East was characterized by high urbanization, and Piñones, by the least urbanization in the SJBE. The mangrove forest at Martin Peña East fringed a poorly drained canal and often received raw sewage inputs, with N accumulation rates ranging from 17.7 to 37.9 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. The Piñones Forest was isolated and had low flushing, possibly exacerbated by river damming, with N accumulation rates ranging from 18.6 to 24.2 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. Nearly all (96.3%) of the estuary-wide mangrove N (9.4 Mg ha–1) was stored in the soils with 7.1 Mg ha–1 sequestered during 1970–2017 (0–18 cm) and 2.3 Mg ha–1 during 1930–1970 (19–28 cm). Estuary-wide mangrove soil N accumulation rates were over twice as great in recent decades (0.18 ± 0.002 Mg ha–1y–1) than historically (0.08 ± 0.001 Mg ha–1y–1). Nitrogen accumulation rates in SJBE mangrove soils in recent times were twofold larger than the rate of human-consumed food N that is exported as wastewater (0.08 Mg ha–1 y–1), suggesting the potential for mangroves to sequester human-derived N. Conservation and effective management of mangrove forests and their surrounding watersheds in the Anthropocene are important for maintaining water quality in coastal communities throughout tropical regions.

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
H. Gross ◽  
H. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Binding Forces

Fracturing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, p ≤ 10-9 Torr) produces membrane fracture faces devoid of contamination. Such clean surfaces are a prerequisite foe studies of interactions between condensing molecules is possible and surface forces are unequally distributed, the condensate will accumulate at places with high binding forces; crystallites will arise which may be useful a probes for surface sites with specific physico-chemical properties. Specific “decoration” with crystallites can be achieved nby exposing membrane fracture faces to water vopour. A device was developed which enables the production of pure water vapour and the controlled variation of its partial pressure in an UHV freeze-fracture apparatus (Fig.1a). Under vaccum (≤ 10-3 Torr), small container filled with copper-sulfate-pentahydrate is heated with a heating coil, with the temperature controlled by means of a thermocouple. The water of hydration thereby released enters a storage vessel.

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