scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella in the Cattle Production in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Laetitia Bonifait ◽  
Amandine Thépault ◽  
Louise Baugé ◽  
Sandra Rouxel ◽  
Françoise Le Gall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Salmonella Serotype

Salmonella is among the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide, and can lead to acute gastroenteritis. Along with poultry, cattle production is recognized as an important source of human infection. Salmonella transmission from cattle to humans can occur through the environment, or through close contact with sick animals or their derived products. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal carriage of Salmonella spp. within French cattle production. A total of 959 cattle intestinal samples, from one of the largest French slaughterhouses, were analyzed. Isolated strains were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a sub-selection was taken by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Twenty-nine samples were positive for Salmonella spp., yielding an estimated prevalence of 3% in cattle production. Eight different Salmonella serotypes were found: Montevideo was the most prevalent (34%), followed by Mbandaka (24%) and Anatum (14%). PFGE genotyping allowed the clustering of Salmonella isolates according to their serotype. Within the clusters, some isolates presented 100% similarity. To investigate potential epidemiological links between them, WGS and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) were used, revealing identical profiles between isolates originating from different areas and/or different animal breeds. This investigation provides new insights on Salmonella serotype epidemiology in cattle production in France.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Fresh Produce Marketed in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANKER P. REDDY ◽  
HUA WANG ◽  
JENNIFER K. ADAMS ◽  
PETER C. H. FENG
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Data Program

ABSTRACT Salmonella continues to rank as one of the most costly foodborne pathogens, and more illnesses are now associated with the consumption of fresh produce. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Microbiological Data Program (MDP) sampled select commodities of fresh fruit and vegetables and tested them for Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Listeria. The Salmonella strains isolated were further characterized by serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. This article summarizes the Salmonella data collected by the MDP between 2002 and 2012. The results show that the rates of Salmonella prevalence ranged from absent to 0.34% in cilantro. A total of 152 isolates consisting of over 50 different serotypes were isolated from the various produce types, and the top five were Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana, S. enterica subspecies arizonae (subsp. IIIa) and diarizonae (subsp. IIIb), and S. enterica serotypes Newport, Javiana, and Infantis. Among these, Salmonella serotypes Newport and Javiana are also listed among the top five Salmonella serotypes that caused most foodborne outbreaks. Other serotypes that are frequent causes of infection, such as S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis, were also found in fresh produce but were not prevalent. About 25% of the MDP samples were imported produce, including 65% of green onions, 44% of tomatoes, 42% of hot peppers, and 41% of cantaloupes. However, imported produce did not show higher numbers of Salmonella-positive samples, and in some products, like cilantro, all of the Salmonella isolates were from domestic samples. About 6.5% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to the antimicrobial compounds tested, but no single commodity or serotype was found to be the most common carrier of resistant strains or of resistance. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the produce isolates showed similarities with Salmonella isolates from meat samples and from outbreaks, but there were also profile diversities among the strains within some serotypes, like Salmonella Newport.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusadee Phongaran ◽  
Seri Khang-Air ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified according to the ISO 6579:2002. Salmonella-positive isolates were identified using serotyping and challenged with nine antimicrobial agents: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), and tetracycline (TET, 30 μg). Isolates of the predominant serovar Salmonella Typhimurium were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Salmonella was detected in 18.05% of broiler isolates and 37.54% of pig isolates. The most common serovars were Kentucky, Give, and Typhimurium in broilers and Rissen, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden in pigs. Among broilers, isolates were most commonly resistant to antibiotics, NAL, AMP, TET, AMC, and CIP. Pig isolates most commonly exhibited antimicrobial resistance against AMP, TET, and SXT. Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. Conclusion: The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, broilers, pigs, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Salmonella isolates obtained from various sources in Russia 2010–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Sofia Sh. Rozhnova ◽  
Konstantin V. Kuleshov ◽  
Anastasia S. Pavlova ◽  
Anna N. Guseva ◽  
Tatiana A. Kozhakhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Transmission Factors

Aim: the goal of the study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of the Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical specimens and various environmental sources in the Russian Federation during the period 20112019. Materials and methods. The data of 3076 non-typhoid isolates of Salmonella obtained from sporadic and outbreak cases of salmonellosis (n = 2518), food and water samples (n = 558) were used. These isolates were serotyped according to the KaufmanWhite scheme and genotyped by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI and BlnI restriction endonucleases according to a standard PFGE-protocol developed by PulseNet International Network. Results. The studied Salmonella isolates were differentiated into 73 serotypes and 601 PFGE types. A comparative analysis of isolates from various sources made it possible to identify subtypes that differed significantly in their prevalence in humans and potential transmission factors (sources). A significant proportion of chicken, turkey, and pork meat samples contained PFGE-subtypes which did not occur in clinical samples. Regional differences in the heterogeneity of the Salmonella spp. were also identified. Conclusions. Genetic heterogeneity of the Salmonella population from humans and other sources shows significant variability of virulent properties and indicates the necessity of differentiated assessment of their epidemiological potential.

Presence of Salmonella in the Red Meat Abattoir Lairage after Routine Cleansing and Disinfection and on Carcasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SMALL ◽  
C. JAMES ◽  
S. JAMES ◽  
R. DAVIES ◽  
E. LIEBANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Cull Cow

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, may remain in abattoir lairages after cleansing and pose a risk of transfer and contamination from one processing day to the next. These organisms may be transferred to the outer surface of animals held in lairage facilities, and the skin or hide may be a significant source of microbial contamination on the red meat carcasses subsequently produced. Sponge samples were taken from various sites in the lairage (n = 556), and single-pass sponge samples were taken from one side of red meat carcasses (n = 1,050) at five commercial abattoirs in Southwest England and tested for the presence of Salmonella. Of these, 6.5% of lairage samples were positive, containing estimated numbers of up to 104 Salmonella organisms per sampled area (50 by 50 cm). Salmonella was found on 9.6% of 240 lamb carcasses, 12.7% of 330 beef carcasses, 31% of 70 pig carcasses, 20% of 80 calf carcasses younger than 14 days of age, and none of 330 cull cow and bull carcasses. Subtyping divided the 137 isolates into seven serogroups and three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters, and sensitivity testing against a bank of 16 antimicrobials indicated that 47 isolates had resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents. These results indicate that Salmonella contamination can persist in the lairage environment from one processing day to the next and that Salmonella is present on red meat carcasses, although the implications of residual lairage contamination on carcass meat microbiology are not clear from this study. Abattoir owners should take steps to reduce the level of contamination in their premises to prevent contamination from being carried over from one processing day to the next.

scholarly journals Genotype Analysis of Escherichia coliStrains Isolated from Children and Chickens Living in Close Contact

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kariuki ◽  
C. Gilks ◽  
J. Kimari ◽  
A. Obanda ◽  
J. Muyodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Endonuclease Digestion

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli isolates from rectal swabs from 62 chickens and stools from 42 children living in close contact with chickens on the same farms in Kiambu district, Kenya, were compared for their genetic relatedness. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles broadly categorized isolates from the children and from the chickens into two separate clusters: the majority (144; 85.5%) of the E. coli isolates from children were multidrug resistant, while the majority (216; 87.1%) of the E. coli isolates from chickens were either fully susceptible or resistant only to tetracycline. Sixty- and 100- to 110-MDA plasmids were found to encode the transferable resistance to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline.HindIII restriction endonuclease digestion of the 60- and 100- to 110-MDA plasmids produced four distinct patterns for isolates from children and three distinct patterns for isolates from chickens.XbaI digestion of genomic DNA followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis produced 14 distinct clusters. There were six distinct PFGE clusters among the isolates from children, while among the isolates from chickens there were seven distinct clusters. Only one PFGE cluster contained isolates from both children and chickens, with the isolates displaying an approximately 60% coefficient of similarity. This study showed that although several different genotypes of E. coli were isolated from children and chickens from the same farms, the E. colistrains from these two sources were distinct.

scholarly journals Infection of Hickman Catheter byPseudomonas (formerly Flavimonas)oryzihabitans Traced to a Synthetic Bath Sponge

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4577-4579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Marı́n ◽  
Darı́o Garcı́a de Viedma ◽  
Pablo Martı́n-Rabadán ◽  
Marta Rodrı́guez-Créixems ◽  
Emilio Bouza
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hickman Catheter ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
First Time

Pseudomonas (formerly Flavimonas)oryzihabitans is an uncommon pathogen that may cause catheter-associated infections. Although it has occasionally been isolated from the environment, the source of human infection has not previously been documented. We describe an AIDS patient who developedPseudomonas oryzihabitans bacteremia due to colonization of a Hickman catheter. The patient reported having strictly followed the recommendations for catheter hygiene. The only flaw detected was the use of a synthetic bath sponge in the shower. The sponge was cultured and yielded P. oryzihabitans among other nonfermentative, gram-negative bacilli. To determine the prevalence of P. oryzihabitans in sponges, we cultured 15 samples from unrelated households. The microorganism was isolated from 3 of the 15 samples. Molecular typing by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) was performed with the environmental and clinical isolates. Three different profiles were obtained for the six isolates analyzed from the patient's sponge. The strain from the AIDS patient was identical to one of those from his sponge and was different from all the remaining strains. The AP-PCR typing results were subsequently confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. It can be concluded that sponges are occasionally colonized by P. oryzihabitans. For the first time a probable source of an indwelling catheter contamination with this bacterium has been found. Patients carrying these devices should avoid using sponge-like materials, as these are suitable environments for nonfermentative, gram-negative bacilli.

Characterizing Salmonella Contamination in Two Rendering Processing Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gong ◽  
Xiuping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Finished Meal

ABSTRACT A microbiological investigation on Salmonella contamination was conducted in two U.S. rendering plants to investigate the potential cross-contamination of Salmonella in the rendering processing environment. Sampling locations were predetermined at the areas where Salmonella contamination may potentially occur, including raw materials receiving, crax (rendered materials before grinding process) grinding, and finished meal loading-out areas. Salmonella was either enumerated directly on xylose lysine Tergitol 4 agar plates or enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis and tetrathionate broths. The presumptive Salmonella isolates were confirmed using CHROMagar plating and latex agglutination testing and then characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, serotyping, and biofilm-forming determination. Among 108 samples analyzed, 79 (73%) samples were Salmonella positive after enrichment. Selected Salmonella isolates (n = 65) were assigned to 31 unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, with 16 Salmonella serotypes, including Typhimurium and Mbandaka, identified as predominant serotypes and 10 Salmonella strains determined as strong biofilm formers. Our results indicated that the raw materials receiving area was the primary source of Salmonella and that the surfaces surrounding crax grinding and finished meal loading-out areas harbor Salmonella in biofilms that may recontaminate the finished meals. The same Salmonella serotypes found in both raw materials receiving and the finished meal loading-out areas suggested a potential of cross-contamination between different areas in the rendering processing environment.

Enrichment, Amplification, and Sequence-Based Typing of Salmonella enterica and Other Foodborne Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM EDLIND ◽  
JEFFREY D. BREWSTER ◽  
GEORGE C. PAOLI
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Detection of Salmonella enterica in foods typically involves microbiological enrichment, molecular-based assay, and subsequent isolation and identification of a pure culture. This is ideally followed by strain typing, which provides information critical to the investigation of outbreaks and the attribution of their sources. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the “gold standard” for S. enterica strain typing, but its limitations have encouraged the search for alternative methods, including whole genome sequencing. Both methods typically require a pure culture, which adds to the cost and turnaround time. A more rapid and cost-effective method with sufficient discriminatory power would benefit food industries, regulatory agencies, and public health laboratories. To address this need, a novel enrichment, amplification, and sequence-based typing (EAST) approach was developed involving (i) overnight enrichment and total DNA preparation, (ii) amplification of polymorphic tandem repeat–containing loci with electrophoretic detection, and (iii) DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify related strains. EAST requires 3 days or less and provides a strain resolution that exceeds serotyping and is comparable to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Evaluation with spiked ground turkey demonstrated its sensitivity (with a starting inoculum of ≤1 CFU/g) and specificity (with unique or nearly unique alleles relative to databases of >1,000 strains). In tests with unspiked retail chicken parts, 3 of 11 samples yielded S. enterica–specific PCR products. Sequence analysis of three distinct typing targets (SeMT1, SeCRISPR1, and SeCRISPR2) revealed consistent similarities to specific serotype Schwarzengrund, Montevideo, and Typhimurium strains. EAST provides a time-saving and cost-effective approach for detecting and typing foodborne S. enterica, and postenrichment steps can be commercially outsourced to facilitate its implementation. Initial studies with Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli suggest that EAST can be extended to these foodborne pathogens.

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