scholarly journals Profiles of Human Papillomavirus Detection of the Multinucleated Cells in Cervical Smears

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Kaori Okayama ◽  
Toshiyuki Sasagawa ◽  
Koji Teruya ◽  
Mizue Oda ◽  
Masahiko Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Many genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may lead to morphological changes in cells, resulting in various atypical cells, such as multinucleated cells (MNCs) and koilocytes, in the cervix. However, the relationships between the profiles of HPV genotypes and MNCs are not exactly known. Thus, this study comprehensively profiles the HPV genotypes in MNCs using a microdissection method. HPV genotypes and MNCs were detected in 651 cases with an abnormal Pap smear by liquid-based cytology. Specific HPV genotypes were also detected, including HPV16, 34, and 56, which might be associated with MNCs. This result suggests that the high-risk HPV genotypes, such as HPV16 and 56, are associated with the atypical changes in MNC morphology from normal cervical cells. The results also show that MNCs may be a predictor of squamous intraepithelial lesion.

scholarly journals Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women with different degrees of cervical cytological abnormalities in Sicily (Italy)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Franchina ◽  
Carmela M. Costanzo ◽  
Raffaela Russo ◽  
Concetta I. Palermo ◽  
Guido Scalia
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiological agents of cervical cancer. In the absence of Pap smear alterations, high-risk HPV DNA can be detected in cervical samples. The prevalence of papillomavirus infection and their genotype distribution varies greatly across populations. The aims of this study were: i) to assess the prevalences of HPV genotypes in people living in Eastern Sicily (Italy) and the frequency of HPV multiple infections; ii) to evaluate the association between HPV genotypes and cervical lesions in order to improve the epidemiological knowledge useful for monitoring or treating infected women. Nested PCR and reverse dot/blot hybridization were used for the detection and typing of HPV DNA in 315 women who had had an abnormal PAP-smear. HPV DNA test was positive in 70.5% cases; the prevalence was 50% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 80.8% in low grade-, and 76.2% in high grade-squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL). The genotype distribution showed a predominance of HPV-16 (56.7%) followed by HPV-18 (12.2%), HPV-31 (9.5%) and HPV-6 (9.5%). Multiple infections were detected in 35.1% of the infected patients. High frequency of positive results for HPV was confirmed and, even in case of ASCUS, patients should be taken into account for genotyping. Our data indicate that multiple infections are consistent in women with low-grade lesions while they are less frequent in women with H-SIL. This could reinforce the theory of the multi-stage cancer model, by which one HPV type becomes predominant along with the progression of cervical lesion severity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Indian Women and Correlation With Clinico-Virological Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Lall ◽  
Lalit Dar ◽  
Neerja Bhatla ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Aashish Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Introduction and Background: Both human papillomavirus (HPV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are sexually transmitted. High-risk (HR) HPV types are a causal factor in cervical cancer. Persistent HPV infection in this subset of immunocompromised women results in faster disease progression. The study determined the prevalence of HPV genotypes in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV seropositive women and the correlation with CD4 counts and cytology.Method: One hundred, non-pregnant, HIV-positive women of 18 years of age and above were enrolled in this cross-sectional study following approval by the institutional ethical committee. A written consent, questionnaire, followed by sample collection including a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for cytology was undertaken. Cervicovaginal secretion samples were collected in the Digene® specimen transport medium (STM) (Qiagen Gaithersburg Inc., MD, USA). HPV genotyping was carried out with PCR amplification of a 65-base pair (bp) fragment in the L1 region of the HPV genome using the short PCR fragment (SPF10) primers followed by reverse hybridization by line probe assay (LPA) using the INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Extra kit (Fujirebio, Belgium). Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 viral loads (VLs) was done by real-time PCR. Results of Pap smear cytology were correlated with CD4 counts and HPV-16 and−18 VLs.Results: Mean age of the subjects was 34.9 years ± 7.2 years (median 33.0 years, range 24–60 years). HPV was detected in 62 of 93 (66.6%) samples. Twenty (32.25%) of these 62 samples harbored a single HPV genotype. Multiple genotypes (more than two) were detected in 38 (61.3%) samples. HPV-16 was the commonest genotype detected in 26 (27.9%) of all samples and 41.9% of HPV positive samples. Pap smear cytology was reported for 93 women included in the study. Women who had normal cytology were reported as negative for intraepithelial malignancy or lesion (NILM; n = 62; 71.36%), two women had a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n = 11), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; n = 12). Those smears with inadequate material were reported as scant (n = 6). The median CD4 count was 363/cu.mm (range 39–787) in HPV-positive women compared to 423/cu.mm (range 141–996) in those HPV-negative women. Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 VL was done in duplicate for samples positive by PCR reverse hybridization (INNOLiPA). Of these 20 samples (65%), 12 samples were positive by real-time PCR. The normalized HPV-16 VL ranged between 18 and 240,000 copies/cell. The normalized HPV-18 VL in cervical samples ranged between ~24 and 60,000 copies/cell.Conclusion: HIV-positive women may be infected with multiple genotypes other than HPV-16 and−18. This may have implications on the vaccines available currently which target few specific genotypes only. Studies are required to determine the predictive role of HR HPV genotypes, in significant copy numbers especially in HIV seropositive women. It would be clinically relevant if the HPV VLs, cervical cytology, and CD4 counts are considered into cervical cancer screening programs for triage and follow-up of these women.

scholarly journals Comparison between Thin Prep® Preparation (Liquid Based Cytology) and Conventional Pap Smears of Cervical Smear Cytology Lesions – A Study from Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 1611-1615
Author(s):  
Premalatha A. ◽  
Velayutham Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Pap Method

BACKGROUND The major cause of mortality among women is cancer of the uterine cervix. It is the second most common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is done as a method of cervical screening to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Early detection of these lesions prevent the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Liquid based cervical cytology was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pap smears. The main purpose of this study was to compare the profile of distribution of cervical smear cytology lesions obtained by thin prep preparation (liquid based cytology) and conventional pap method among women in the age group of 25 – 60 yrs. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among 110 women from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conventional and liquid based cytology smears were taken simultaneously from the same women and reported according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS Majority of the women included in this study fall in the age group of 41 - 50 years [65 (59.1 %)]. Women with a history of persistant vaginal infection were 13 (11.8 %). Out of the 110 pap smears taken by both conventional and liquid based methods, unsatisfactory smears were not detected in liquid based cytology and 6 (5.5 %) unsatisfactory smears were found in conventional pap method. In liquid based cytology, inflammatory smears were detected more (80 %), atrophic smears (2.7 %), smears with features of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 4.5 %, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were 3.6 %, and smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 0.9 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found to be high in liquid based cytology. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal epithelial lesions were detected more in liquid based cytology (thin prep method). The number of unsatisfactory smears were found to be decreased when compared to conventional pap method. KEY WORDS Bethesda Cervical Cytology, Cervical intraepithelial lesion, Conventional Pap Smear, Liquid Based Cytology Smear

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY AND CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Conventional Cytology ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

INTRODUCTION: This high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced by an approach that includes prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programmes. There are currently vaccines that protect against common cancer-causing types of human papilloma virus and can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. in low socioeconomic or developing countries where screening programmes are not available, diagnosing cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced at around mid-1990s as an alternative technique to process the cervical samples. After that most of the developed countries has switched from conventional Pap smear to LBC. LBC has been proposed to be beneficial than Pap smear because of less number of unsatisfactory smears MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprises of 287 cervical samples from women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1 year.  Samples were taken and divided into two parts by split-sample technique.  Material was taken from the fornix, portio, and endocervix from all women. Slides for conventional cytology and LBC were stained according to the Pap method. LBC was considered representative if the slide contained >5000 epithelial cells. Endocervical cells were considered present if the slide contained ≥2 groups of glandular/metaplastic cells with ≥5 cells each or if the slide contained ≥10 dissociated glandular/metaplastic cells RESULTS: 287 patients were included in the study. Epithelial cell abnormality was observed in 10 cases in conventional smear while in LBC it was 11. In conventional smear pap report of Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 21,193, 21, 46 and 10 cases respectively. In LBC pap report Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 15,214, 22, 44 and 13 cases respectively. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 10 (3.5%) cases by both the methods. Of these 10 cases low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was observed in 2 cases, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in one case, Squamous cell carcinoma in one case and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: There was a similar detection rate of epithelial abnormalities and infections in both the methods. US rate of CPS was 7.3% and 5.2% for LBC. Thus LBC can be a superior test as compared to conventional pap smear but has to reconsidered in the low-resource setting.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Manual Liquid-Based Cytology with the Conventional Pap Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Mandya, Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014
Author(s):  
Manjunath M.R ◽  
Sheetal Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

BACKGROUND A long pathological process for investigation of precursor lesion squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) leads to invasive cervical cancer. This SIL can be detected much earlier before the lesion progresses to invasive cancer. For greater than fifty years, screening for cancer cervix was done by conventional scrape smears and stained by Papanicolaou [Pap] stain but conventional Pap smears (CPAP) have been reported to have low sensitivity. To overcome these drawbacks manual liquid-based cytology [MLBC] was introduced. The objective of this study was to screen females for cervical cancer using CPAP and MLBC techniques and compare the results of these techniques. METHODS Cervical cytology samples were obtained from 120 non-pregnant females through specialised Uprep cytobrush with a detachable head. Thus, obtained samples were first smeared onto a clean glass slide for CPAP smear, and the whole head to cytobrush was dropped into the specialised Uprep liquid preservative medium and processed by using Uprep Cytospin machine to obtain MLBC smears. Both the smears were stained by conventional Pap stain and reported according to 2014 Bethesda system. RESULTS In this study, the CPAP method had a greater number of unsatisfactory smears than that of MLBC method which was statistically significant. MLBC identified more number of intraepithelial lesions when compared to CPAP and MLBC had an increased detection rate [IDR] of 73.68 % over CPAP. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of our results showed that MLBC had more advantages over CPAP. Since the cost effective MLBC has an improved rate of detection of abnormal lesions, MLBC can be used as a routine technique for screening of cancer cervix in India. Also, MLBC offers an important advantage of performing both human papillomaviruses deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) test and cytological analysis on a single sample. KEYWORDS Cervical Cancer, Conventional Pap Smear, Manual Liquid Based Cytology, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV DNA), Bethesda System

Characteristics of HSV-2, M.genitalium and C.trachomatis in HPV genotypes- associated Cervical Cancer and Genital Infections...

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Moharreri ◽  
Amir Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women. High Risk HPV types are known as the main agents involved in genital and cervical malignancies. There may be co pathogens like STDs that involved in enhancing the susceptibility and progression to cervical neoplasia. This study was conducted to detect HSV2, C.Trachomatis and M.Genitalium in women with and at the risk of cervical cancer related to HPV for defining their roles in facilitating and persistence of genital disorders. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 195 Liquid Based Cytology (LBCs) specimens were collected from women referred to private laboratories. Fifty, 98 and 47 samples were from women with known cervical cancer, HPV positive and HPV negative, respectively. The HSV-2, C.trachomatis, M.genitalium and HPV genotypes have been detected using multiplex TaqMan Real Time PCR and PCR hybridization. Results: A total of 148 HPV positive samples, HPVs 6 (35.13%), 16 (32.43%), 18 (21.62%), 11 (9.46%), 31 (9.46%), and 51 (9.46%) were the most common genotypes. Single, 2, 3, and more than 4 multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 46%, 29.7%, 14.2%, 15 10.1% cases, respectively. The prevalence of M.genitalium, C.trachomatis and HSV2 was 3 (1.54%), 24 (12.3%) and 1(0.5%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between these pathogens and cervical cancer (p≥ 0.05). Conclusions: HR-HPV genotypes were more prevalent in genital infections and cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Differential expression of NLRP3 inflammasome genes in HPV infected cervical cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2255-2259
Author(s):  
ROXANA STROE ◽  
CRISTINA MAMBET ◽  
ANTOANELA CURICI ◽  
FLORENTINA IVAN ◽  
LIDIA ALEXA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Study Group ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Cytological Evaluation ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
High Risk Hpv

The aim of this study was to to evaluate and correlate the expression of some actors of canonical inflammasome pathway with the degree of cervical lesions in cytologic specimens. Methods: The study group included 128 Romanian female patients aged between 16 and 68 years that were referred to Synevo laboratories for performing both a cytological evaluation and HPV genotyping. Results: Out of 128 analysed patients 112 (87.5%) had a positive HPV result (with one or more HPV genotypes), as follows: 34 (26.6%) patients with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotype(s) only, 36 (28.1%) cases with low-risk HPV (lrHPV) genotype(s) only, and 42 (32.8%) patients with combined hrHPV and lrHPV (hrHPV+lrHPV) genotypes. Our study indicate the possibility that NLRP3 inflammasome is differentially activated in HPVinfected cervical cells according to HPV oncogenic potential (hrHPV versus lrHPV) and degree of cervical lesions. Conclusion: NLRP3-independent mechanisms, such as decrease of IL1B and IL18 transcription in association with high-grade cytological lesions, could be part of the immune escape strategy used by HPV to ensure its persistence in the host cervical cells.

scholarly journals Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion (SMILE) of the Uterine Cervix: High-Risk HPV Genotype Predominance and p40 Immunophenotype

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Margareta Strojan Fležar ◽  
Neža Nedelko ◽  
Mario Poljak ◽  
Anja Oštrbenk Valenčak ◽  
Helena Gutnik
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) is a rare high-grade cervical precancerous lesion designated a variant of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in the WHO classification. We aimed to determine HPV genotypes, immunohistochemical phenotype and mucin presence in SMILE. Between 2010 and 2018, SMILE was diagnosed in 34 out of 6958 (0.5%) cervical biopsies, in 23 patients. Twenty-six tissue samples from twenty-one patients were available for further analysis, including 13 with SMILE alone, 12 with SIL and/or AIS and one with HSIL, AIS and endocervical adenocarcinoma. HPV genotyping was performed using the Seegene Anyplex II HPV 28 assay. Of the 26 samples, a single HPV genotype was identified in the majority of cases (n = 22), including 12/13 SMILEs associated with SIL/AIS. All but one were high-risk HPV genotypes (23/24; 96.8%). We identified seven different HPV genotypes, the most common being HPV16 (n = 10; 43.5%), HPV18 (n = 8, 34.8%) and HPV 31 (n = 5, 21.7%). All SMILEs showed a strong positive reaction to p16, CK7, CK19 and high Ki67 expression comparable to adjacent HSIL and/or AIS if present. SMILE showed variable mucin presence and p40-positive squamous differentiation suggesting phenotypic diversity in cervical precancerous lesions infected by single HPV.

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