scholarly journals Graphite Dendrites in Cast Iron and Their Fundamental Role in the Control of Morphology to Obtain Aero-Eutectic Graphite

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Alicia N. Roviglione ◽  
Alvaro Y. Tesio ◽  
Fernando Fungo ◽  
Ricardo W. Gregorutti
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Type A ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
New Class ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Type D ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Compact Graphite ◽  
Graphite Structure

This work analyzes the growth of graphite in the eutectic system of gray cast iron, focusing on laminar type A and undercooled type D morphology, and a modified morphology, such as vermicular or compact graphite. The objective of the study is to find an optimal graphite structure, from which a new class of lightweight materials results that has been called aero-eutectic graphite (AEG). The method to obtain AEG consists of dissolving the gray iron ferrous matrix by means of a chemical attack. From experiences of unidirectional solidification, it has been found that laminar graphite grows in a non-faceted way, coupled to austenite, while in vermicular the growth is through foliated dendrites. This characteristic allows vermicular graphite to have a higher specific intrinsic surface area. According to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, the surface of the vermicular was 106.27 m2 g−1, while those corresponding to type A and D were 83.390 m2 g−1 and 89.670 m2 g−1, respectively. AEG with graphite type D was used as a cathode in Li-O2 batteries with satisfactory results, reaching more than 70 charge and discharge cycles, and 150 cycles at this time and still cycling, using Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2 as redox mediator.

scholarly journals CTNI-03. IMAGING FEATURES OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: A SINGLE-CENTER REAL-WORLD STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii41-ii41
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhen ◽  
Lei Wen ◽  
Shaoqun Li ◽  
Mingyao Lai ◽  
Changguo Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Type A ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type D ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND According to EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines, the MRI findings of LM are divided into 4 types, namely linear enhancement (type A), nodular enhancement (type B), linear combined with nodular enhancement (type C), and sign of hydrocephalus (type D). METHODS The MRI features of brain and spinal cord in patients diagnosed with NSCLC-LM in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from 2010 until 2019 were investigated, and then were classified into 4 types. The imaging features were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 53.5 years old, and the median time from the initial diagnosis to the confirmed diagnosis of LM was 11.6 months. The results of enhanced MRI examination of the brain in 79 cases showed that the number of cases with enhancements of type A, B, C and D were 50 (63.3%), 0, 26 (32.9%) and 3 (3.8%), respectively, and that LM with metastases to the brain parenchyma was found in 42 cases (53.2%). The results of enhanced MRI examination of spinal cord in 59 cases showed that there were only enhancements of type A and C in 40 cases (67.8%) and 3 cases (5.0%), and no enhancement sign in the other 16 cases (27.2%). CONCLUSION MRI examination of brain and spinal cord will improve the detection rate of LM. The MRI features of NSCLC-LM in real world are mainly characterized by the linear enhancements of brain and spinal cord, followed by linear combined with nodular enhancement. The enhancements of type B and type D are rare in clinic. Almost half of the patients have LM and metastases to the brain parenchyma. Therefore, the differentiation of tumor metastases is needed to be paid attention to for the early diagnosis and the formulation of reasonable treatment plans.

MRI analysis and surgical treatment of Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342098321
Author(s):  
Anyuan Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Tinggang Chu ◽  
Zhipeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Type D ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Secondary Operations ◽  
Type C

We present the MRI findings for 39 Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs in 38 patients. We found that MRI revealed the morphology of the cartilaginous connection between the thumb anlages and the location of the deviation corresponding to the classification of Horii, which allowed precise preoperative planning of corrective osteotomies. All 39 thumbs were available for follow-up after surgical reconstruction at a mean of 29 months (range 25 to 39). Four out of nine Horii Type A cases and all 12 Type B, as well as the six Type C and the six Type D cases, achieved good results according to the Tada scoring system. Five Type A cases achieved fair results with residual stiffness of the interphalangeal joint. No secondary operations were needed. We conclude that MRI proved useful in subclassifying Wassel Type IV duplicated thumbs and may aid in planning the osteotomies needed for their reconstruction. Level of evidence: IV

scholarly journals Characteristics of Graphite Precipitates in Aluminium Cast Iron Treated with Cerium Mixture

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Soiński ◽  
A. Jakubus ◽  
K. Skurka
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Compact Graphite ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Area Percentage

Abstract The work determined the influence of aluminium in the amount from about 1% to about 7% on the graphite precipitates in cast iron with relatively high silicon content (3.4% to 3.90%) and low manganese content (about 0.1%). The cast iron was spheroidized with cerium mixture and graphitized with ferrosilicon. The performed treatment resulted in occurring of compact graphite precipitates, mainly nodular and vermicular, of various size. The following parameters were determined: the area percentage occupied by graphite, perimeters of graphite precipitates per unit area, and the number of graphite precipitates per unit area. The examinations were performed by means of computer image analyser, taking into account four classes of shape factor. It was found that as the aluminium content in cast iron increases from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, the number of graphite precipitates rises from about 700 to about 1000 per square mm. For higher Al content (4.2% to 6.8%) this number falls within the range of 1300 - 1500 precipitates/mm2. The degree of cast iron spheroidization increases with an increase in aluminium content within the examined range, though when Al content exceeds about 2.8%, the area occupied by graphite decreases. The average size of graphite precipitates is equal to 11-15 μm in cast iron containing aluminium in the quantity from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, and for higher Al content it decreases to about 6 μm.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of TiO2 additions to mortar to maintain initial conditions in terms of its reflectance to solar radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Roberto Andrade Dantas ◽  
Fulvio Vittorino ◽  
Kai Loh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Type A ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Type B ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Type D ◽  
Type C ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Contact of facades with degradation agents and direct incidence of ultraviolet radiation on external coatings make them more opaque over time, affecting their colour and reflectance characteristics. This study evaluated the effect of adding different TiO2 contents to mortars applied in concrete substrates in order to verify the reflectance maintenance on surfaces after exposure over time. Mortar with different concentrations of TiO2 (1%, 5%, 10%) were produced in relation to the total dry premix, added as a powder and compared to unpainted mortar without TiO2 (type "A") and painted mortar without TiO2 (type "B"), both used as a reference for colour and reflectance. Exposed over 16 months to climate conditions in São Paulo, regarding the maintenance of reflectance and solar radiation, the results showed that type "B" (0%TiO2) painted mortar presented the best performance. Type "C" (1%TiO2) and type "D" (5%TiO2) unpainted mortar remained more stable. Type "A" (0%TiO2) and type "E" (10%TiO2) unpainted mortar showed greater differences according to the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) range caused by dirt pick up.

scholarly journals New Eulerian Numbers of Type $D$

10.37236/5514 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Borowiec ◽  
Wojciech Młotkowski
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Relation ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Type A ◽  
Eulerian Numbers ◽  
Eulerian Polynomials ◽  
Type D

We introduce a new array of type $D$ Eulerian numbers, different from that studied by Brenti, Chow and Hyatt. We find in particular the recurrence relation, Worpitzky formula and the generating function. We also find the probability distributions whose moments are Eulerian polynomials of type $A$, $B$ and $D$.

Strong Converse Inequalities for Averages in Weighted Lp Spaces on [-1,1]

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-565
Author(s):  
M. Felten
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Weighted Spaces ◽  
Difference Operators ◽  
Lp Spaces ◽  
Type D ◽  
Strong Converse

AbstractAverages in weighted spaces defined by additions on [−1; 1] will be shown to satisfy strong converse inequalities of type A and B with appropriate K-functionals. Results for higher levels of smoothness are achieved by combinations of averages. This yields, in particular, strong converse inequalities of type D between K-functionals and suitable difference operators.

scholarly journals Postsurgical residual lung complications following left upper trisegmentectomy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Koike ◽  
Aritoshi Hattori ◽  
Takeshi Matsunaga ◽  
Kazuya Takamochi ◽  
Shiaki Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Type A ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type D ◽  
Thoracic Computed Tomography ◽  
Isolated Segment ◽  
Type C ◽  
Lung Torsion

AbstractOBJECTIVESSegmentectomy has become an increasingly popular surgical procedure for small-sized lung lesions. Left upper trisegmentectomy (LUTS) is one of the most common segmentectomies performed because of its relative ease and simplicity; however, limited information is currently available on the specific postoperative complications associated with this procedure.METHODSAmong 2060 surgically resected cases in our institute between 2009 and 2016, 129 (6.2%) underwent LUTS. Postoperative chest X-rays and/or thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively assessed for all cases to assess postsurgical residual lung complications following LUTS. We categorized cases into 4 groups: type A (atelectasis of the lingular segment), type B (lung torsion of the lingular segment), type C (necrosis of the ‘isolated segment’) and type D (haematoma along stapling lines).RESULTSPostsurgical lung complications following LUTS were observed in 17 (13.1%) patients (type A: n = 7, type B: n = 1, type C: n = 4 and type D: n = 5). Three patients (2.3%) required surgical intervention because of type B (n = 1) and type C (n = 2), namely, decreased permeability and remaining ground glass opacities in the residual lung, showing an exacerbated systemic inflammatory response. In contrast, type A and D cases were successfully observed by chest CT without any surgical intervention, and patients recovered within a few months of surgery.CONCLUSIONSWe identified several postoperative residual lung complications following LUTS. Lung torsion or necrosis of the residual segment may require intensive care, including reoperation. Potentially serious complications always need to be ruled out after LUTS when radiological consolidation is detected postoperatively.

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