scholarly journals A Detailed Insight into the Detrital and Diagenetic Mineralogy of Metal(oid)s: Their Origin, Distribution and Associations within Hypersaline Sediments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Nastja Rogan Šmuc ◽  
Nives Kovač ◽  
Žan Hauptman ◽  
Andrej Šmuc ◽  
Matej Dolenec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Crystal Lattices ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Hypersaline Sediments ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Insight Into

Hypersaline environments are among the most vulnerable coastal ecosystems and are extremely noteworthy for a variety of ecological reasons. Comprehensive assessment of metal(oid) contamination in hypersaline sediments from Sečovlje (Northern Adriatic, Slovenia) was addressed by introducing the detrital and diagenetic mineralogy and geochemical properties within the solid sediment material. Close associations between Fe/Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides with As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, and between organic matter with Cu, Pb and Zn were confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction, SEM-EDS and ICP emission spectrometry analysis. Possible incorporation or adsorption on the crystal lattices of clay minerals (As, Cr, Pb, Sn and Zn), halite (As) and aragonite/calcite (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sr and Zn) were also detected. All presented correlations were highlighted by various statistical analyses. The enrichment factor (EF) values showed a low degree of anthropogenic burden for As, Bi, Hg and Zn, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn and Sr originated from the geological background. These results emphasise that a detailed mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of solid (especially detrital and diagenetic) sediment particles is crucial in further understanding the metal(oid) translocation within the hypersaline ecosystems.

Atomic emission spectrometry analysis of metals and alloys using a two-jet arc plasma with spark sampling and calibration by solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuptsov ◽  
A. V. Volzhenin ◽  
V. A. Labusov ◽  
A. I. Saprykin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Quantitative Chemical

For the first time, the injection of solutions into the plasma of a two-jet arc plasmatron was used for the analysis of metals and alloys. Tandem calibration was used for quantitative chemical analysis by the TJP-AES method.

scholarly journals Determination of trace metals in water from Mangueira Lagoon – RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-620
Author(s):  
Filipe Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Eduarda Medran Rangel ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract Determination of trace metals was carried out in Mangueira Lagoon, in the southern zone of Rio Grande do Sul. Samples were collected at five points to evaluate the concentrations of the following trace metals: copper, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel and iron. Metals were determined by digestion with concentrated nitric acid and pre-concentrated in Chelex 100 resin analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In parallel, the physical-chemical parameters pH, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and organic matter in the water were determined. Potassium and sodium metals were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry. The analyzes of pH and conductance were analyzed in the field while the others were done in the laboratory of the research group of environmental contaminants (GPCA). Through the results of physical-chemical parameters of the water, the Mangueira Lagoon exhibits a low degree of contamination, but in the future may compromise the biota of the lagoon. Regarding the focus of this work, of Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn (heavy metals), only lead and iron obtained the values above that are established in CONAMA 357/2005.

scholarly journals Insight into Composition of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Leaves and Flowers of Green and Purple Basil

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhakti Prinsi ◽  
Silvia Morgutti ◽  
Noemi Negrini ◽  
Franco Faoro ◽  
Luca Espen
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Acylated Anthocyanins ◽  
Insight Into

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a culinary, medicinal, and ornamental plant appreciated for its antioxidant properties, mainly attributed to high content of rosmarinic acid. This species also includes purple varieties, characterized by the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and flowers. In this work, we compared the main morphological characteristics, the antioxidant capacity and the chemical composition in leaves, flowers, and corollas of green (‘Italiano Classico’) and purple (‘Red Rubin’ and ‘Dark Opal’) basil varieties. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual compounds allowed quantifying 17 (poly)phenolic acids and 18 flavonoids, differently accumulated in leaves and flowers of the three varieties. The study revealed that in addition to rosmarinic acid, basil contains several members of the salvianolic acid family, only scarcely descripted in this species, as well as, especially in flowers, simple phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salvianic acid A. Moreover, the study revealed that purple leaves mainly contain highly acylated anthocyanins, while purple flowers accumulate anthocyanins with low degree of decoration. Overall, this study provides new biochemical information about the presence of not yet characterized bioactive compounds in basil that could contribute to boosting the use of this crop and to gaining new knowledge about the roles of these compounds in plant physiology.

scholarly journals Cell Polarity Protein Spa2P Associates With Proteins Involved In Actin Function InSaccharomyces Cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 4595-4608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Shih ◽  
Samara L. Reck-Peterson ◽  
Rick Newitt ◽  
Mark S. Mooseker ◽  
Ruedi Aebersold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Morphogenesis ◽  
Bud Site ◽  
Insight Into

Spa2p is a nonessential protein that regulates yeast cell polarity. It localizes early to the presumptive bud site and remains at sites of growth throughout the cell cycle. To understand how Spa2p localization is regulated and to gain insight into its molecular function in cell polarity, we used a coimmunoprecipitation strategy followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify proteins that associate with Spa2p in vivo. We identified Myo1p, Myo2p, Pan1p, and the protein encoded by YFR016c as proteins that interact with Spa2p. Strikingly, all of these proteins are involved in cell polarity and/or actin function. Here we focus on the functional significance of the interactions of Spa2p with Myo2p and Myo1p. We find that localization of Spa2GFP to sites of polarized growth depends on functional Myo2p but not on Myo1p. We also find that Spa2p, like Myo2p, cosediments with F-actin in an ATP-sensitive manner. We hypothesize that Spa2p associates with actin via a direct or indirect interaction with Myo2p and that Spa2p may be involved in mediating polarized localization of polarity proteins via Myo2p. In addition, we observe an enhanced cell-separation defect in a myo1spa2 strain at 37°C. This provides further evidence that Spa2p is involved in cytokinesis and cell wall morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris T. Parsons ◽  
Fereidoun Rezanezhad ◽  
David W. O'Connell ◽  
Philippe Van Cappellen
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Water ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Speciation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment has caused phosphorus (P) accumulation in many freshwater sediments, raising concerns that internal loading from legacy P may delay the recovery of aquatic ecosystems suffering from eutrophication. Benthic recycling of P strongly depends on the redox regime at the sediment-water interface (SWI) that, in many shallow environments, tends to be highly dynamic as a result of, among others, bioturbation by macrofauna, root activity, sediment resuspension and seasonal variations in bottom water oxygen (O2) concentrations. To gain insight into the mobility and biogeochemistry of P under fluctuating redox conditions, a suspension of sediment from a hyper-eutrophic freshwater marsh was exposed to alternating 7-day periods of purging with air and nitrogen gas (N2), for a total duration of 74 days. At the start of each anoxic period, algal necromass was added to simulate the deposition of fresh autochtonous organic matter. Phosphatase activities up to 2.4 mmol h−1 kg−1 indicated the potential for rapid mineralization of added organic-P (Po), in particular during the periods of aeration when the activity of phosphomonoesterases was up to 37 % higher than under N2 sparging. Aqueous phosphate concentrations remained low (~2.5 µM) under oxic conditions, due to sorption to Fe/Mn-oxides. During anoxic periods, once nitrate was depleted, the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn-oxides released P. However, only 4.5 % of the released P accumulated in solution while the rest was redistributed among the particulate phases, including the humic fraction. Thus, under the relatively short-term redox fluctuations imposed in the experiments, P remobilization to the aqueous phase remained relatively limited and poly-phosphate did not accumulate. The results also emphasize the important control bottom water nitrate concentrations may exert on internal P loading in eutrophic environments.

The Study of Drift in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Raw Materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2905-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanický
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The work shows the importance of maintaining a constant temperature in a spray chamber to obtain a stable signal in the ICP spectrometry of water solutions. Simple shielding against ICP thermal radiation and forced air circulation in a plasma torch/spry chamber. The internal standard method has been used to improve signal stability. The number and composition of calibration solutions have been optimized for the detremination of the main constituents of some silicate and carbonate raw materials. An ultrasonic cleaning bath has been successfully used instead of stirring to dissolve the samples after fusion with LiBO2. Certified Czech and Slovak geological reference materials and some international standards have been used to test the accuracy. Statistical tests have proved that the method of determination complies with the requirements of technological standards.

Petrological Examination of Coarse-ware Stirrup-jars from Mycenae

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coarse Wares

Elemental analysis of coarse-ware stirrup-jars from Thebes provided the first objective evidence for the movement of coarse wares in the Late Bronze Age Aegean. While the evidence of the optical emission spectrometry analysis indicates that stirrup-jars occur in several fabrics, the assignation of these fabrics to specific sources has been the subject of some debate, summarized and discussed in the light of fresh evidence by Catling and Jones but continued by McArthur.It was to cast more light on the general questions that a large sample of stirrup-jars from Mycenae was analysed by petrological analysis. This method of analysis involves the identification of the rocks and minerals within the clay and relates them to geological sources most compatible with the archaeological evidence. Recent discussions of the method include Courtois, Peacock, and de Paepe.With considerable help and collaboration from Dr. E. French and Lord William Taylour, and permission from the Greek Department of Antiquities, 37 samples were taken from stirrup jars from the House of the Wine Merchants (= HWM; dated LH IIIA/B), 25 from the House of the Oil Merchants (= HOM; dated to the end of LH IIIB1), and ten samples from stoppers found in the stirrup jars in the House of the Oil Merchants. The aim was to define the fabrics petrologically in order to relate these to the typology proposed by Haskell (this volume), and to suggest possible origins for them based on geological evidence.

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of coronavirus-HKU1 haemagglutinin esterase reveals architectural changes arising from prolonged circulation in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hurdiss ◽  
Ieva Drulyte ◽  
Yifei Lang ◽  
Tatiana M. Shamorkina ◽  
Matti F. Pronker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Lectin Domain ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sialic Acid Binding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The human betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 (subgenus Embecovirus) arose from separate zoonotic introductions, OC43 relatively recently and HKU1 apparently much longer ago. Embecovirus particles contain two surface projections called spike (S) and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE), with S mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion, and HE acting as a receptor-destroying enzyme. Together, they promote dynamic virion attachment to glycan-based receptors, specifically 9-O-acetylated sialic acid. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the ~80 kDa, heavily glycosylated HKU1 HE at 3.4 Å resolution. Comparison with existing HE structures reveals a drastically truncated lectin domain, incompatible with sialic acid binding, but with the structure and function of the esterase domain left intact. Cryo-EM and mass spectrometry analysis reveals a putative glycan shield on the now redundant lectin domain. The findings further our insight into the evolution and host adaptation of human embecoviruses, and demonstrate the utility of cryo-EM for studying small, heavily glycosylated proteins.

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