scholarly journals Mineralogical Analysis of Mortars in the Walls of Ávila (Spain) and Its Surroundings

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sonsoles de Soto García ◽  
María de los Reyes de Soto García ◽  
Rosario García Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biological Weathering

The present article evaluated the mineralogical composition of 85 mortar samples from some emblematic monuments of Ávila city (Spain), which were collected during the restoration of the monuments. The aim of this article is to try to extract the relationship between the composition and the origin of the raw materials, as well as to identify possible alterations in the samples. The study of the samples was carried out using visual and petrographic techniques such as stereoscopic microscope, XRD, and SEM/EDX analysis. The main components of the mortars were calcite, feldspar and quartz, although small amounts of phyllosilicates were also identified. The minerals of the mortars came from the surroundings of the city, and some of the samples presented evident alteration of the original materials due to humidity, salt concentration, and biological weathering, possibly inducted by unfortunate effects of the restoration. Finally, a study of the salts present in some mortars showed that most samples display contamination of soluble salts such as halite, thenardite, hexaedrite, and carnalite. This investigation offers fresh insight into historic building activity and related techniques, and should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.

Stanlake Samkange’s Insufferable Zimbabwe: Distanciating Trauma from the Novel to Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
African Context ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

This article theorizes the Zimbabwean writer Stanlake Samkange’s turn from the novel to philosophy as an effort to circumvent the representational pressure exerted by African cultural traumatization. In breaking with the novel form to coauthor a philosophical treatise called Hunhuism or Ubuntuism in the same year as Zimbabwe achieves independence (1980), Samkange advances a comportment-based, deontological alternative to the psychic or subjective model of personhood that anchors trauma theory. Revisiting the progression from his most achieved novel, The Mourned One, to Hunhuism or Ubuntuism thus offers fresh insight into the range of options available to independence-era writers for representing the relationship between African individuality and collectivity. At the same time, it suggests a complementary and overlooked relationship between novelistic and philosophical forms in an African context.

scholarly journals Representing ‘Place’: City Climate Commissions and the Institutionalisation of Experimental Governance in Edinburgh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Creasy ◽  
Matthew Lane ◽  
Alice Owen ◽  
Candice Howarth ◽  
Dan Van der Horst
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Against the backdrop of increasingly fragmented and poly-centric urban climate governance, this article examines the establishment of city climate ‘commissions’ as an experimental means of addressing the challenge of climate change at the city-scale. In doing so it addresses the question: What constitutes diversity in voices and perspectives when trying to represent the city as a place for climate action? To answer this question, the article presents an analysis of the Edinburgh Climate Commission’s establishment, drawing on participatory ethnographic research carried out by a researcher embedded within the project team. The account of how this new mode of urban governance was both conceptualised and then put into practice offers a new institutional angle to the literature on urban ‘experimentation.’ Through our reflective analysis we argue that aspirations to ensure pre-defined ‘key’ industries (high carbon emitters) are accounted for in commissioner recruitment, and an over-emphasis on capturing discernible ‘impacts’ in the short term (by involving organisations already pro-active in sustainable development) hindered an opportunity to embrace new perspectives on urban futures and harness the innovative potential of cities to engage with the multifaceted nature of the climate challenge. Furthermore, new insight into the relationship between local authorities and other ‘place-based’ agents of change opens up important questions regarding how to balance the attainment of legitimacy within the political status quo, and the prospect of a new radical politics for urban transformation.

scholarly journals Mapping Memory: Myth, History, and Liminality in Harlem and the Bronx

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Laidler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Jazz Age ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
History And Myth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

<p>The relationship between notions of ‘history’ and ‘myth’ is a familiar dilemma within the field of historiography. As this thesis will seek to demonstrate, myth – defined here as evaluative representations of the past to suit demands of the present – is virtually indistinguishable from history, insofar as both are constructed from the same raw materials: subjective remembrances. Through an examination of mythical representations of physical places, this thesis will present a model to explain how myth is constructed, thereby emphasising the intimate and problematic relationship between the aforementioned categories.    In short, myth making occurs when memories travel through liminal space from one individual to the next, with said liminal points allowing for degradation and transmutation. The further along one is in the chain, the more one is dependent on myth. Through electing to focus on two such locales that have been of particular interest to me – Harlem during the jazz age and The Bronx during the origins of hip hop – I was able to adopt an auto-ethnographic perspective, gaining insight into the extent to which my understanding was dependent on a series of compounding representations. Further, these areas also draw attention to how such representation can broaden or localise, depending on the myth and the purpose of its invocation. In different contexts and different historical narratives, different areas within New York City have been subjected to the same process, which can account for the pervasive idea of ‘New York’ that continues to circulate.</p>

scholarly journals Identification and Prediction of Human Behavior through Mining of Unstructured Textual Data

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Edgar Gutierrez ◽  
Krzysztof Fiok ◽  
Grzegorz Wróbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The identification of human behavior can provide useful information across multiple job spectra. Recent advances in applying data-based approaches to social sciences have increased the feasibility of modeling human behavior. In particular, studying human behavior by analyzing unstructured textual data has recently received considerable attention because of the abundance of textual data. The main objective of the present study was to discuss the primary methods for identifying and predicting human behavior through the mining of unstructured textual data. Of the 823 articles analyzed, 87 met the predefined inclusion criteria and were included in the literature review. Our results show that the included articles could be symmetrically classified into two groups. The first group of articles attempted to identify the leading indicators of human behavior in unstructured textual data. In this group, the data-based approaches had three main components: (1) collecting self-reported survey data, (2) collecting data from social media and extracting data features, and (3) applying correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship between two sets of data. In contrast, the second group focused on the accuracy of data-based approaches for predicting human behavior. In this group, the data-based approaches could be categorized into (1) approaches based on labeled unstructured textual data and (2) approaches based on unlabeled unstructured textual data. The review provides a comprehensive insight into unstructured textual data mining to identify and predict human behavior and personality traits.

Molecular Insight into the Crosstalk of UPS Components and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Mosiqur Rahman ◽  
Sonia Zaman ◽  
Mst Shirajum Munira ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

: The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) targets various cellular proteins for degradation. It has been found that defects in the UPS play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the existence of Ub immunoreactivity in AD-linked neuronal inclusions, including neurofibrillary tangles, is observed in all types of AD cases. Current investigations have shown that components of the UPS can be connected with the early stage of AD, which is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of the disease, marked by neurodegeneration. Although the significance of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD has been emphasized, targeted treatment at the main components of these pathways has a great perspective in advancing new therapeutic interventions for AD. In this review, we emphasize the relationship between UPS and AD pathology. We also represent the recent therapeutic advancements targeting UPS components in AD.

Scholarship, trade and politics: Andalusian contribution to the Mediterranean standing of Tripoli (3rd/9th–5th/11th centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aurélien Montel
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mediterranean City

Abstract Given the lack of local sources, the history of Tripoli as a global Mediterranean city remains unclear until the Ottoman conquest of the 16th century. Given that documentary record, the exploration of the rich Arabic tradition written in al-Andalus provides a fresh insight into how Tripoli constructed its Mediterranean stature prior to the 11th century. First, the systematic analysis of Islamic biographical literature (ṭabaqāt) shows Tripoli was one of the most visited cities by the Andalusian scholars across the Islamic world. It also reveals they were in close contact with the Tripolitanian Mālikī networks. Eventually, The Tripolitanian elites took advantage, of that specific Andalusian connection, and using the rivalry between the caliphal powers at the dawn of the 11th century they assured the independence of the city for the first time while rejecting the Fatimid-Zirid power and recognizing the sovereignty of the Spanish Umayyads.

Modelling the subjective experience of fun at work

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Clancy ◽  
Carol Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain some divergent findings on experiences of fun at work. It explains conflicting findings by moving from a focus on classifying the activity (as, e.g. task/managed/organic) to foregrounding the dynamics of the experience, adding to the growing conceptualisation of fun at work as a multi-dimensional construct.Design/methodology/approachThis research draws on empirical data obtained through case study and interviews with 13 participants from two organisations. These interviews were subjected to intense thematic analysis.FindingsIt was found that an individual’s underlying beliefs about the organisation; the perceived drivers of the fun practice; and the level of control exerted over a fun practice significantly shape the experience. The paper draws on the concept of the psychological contract to frame the relationship between these three key interacting elements.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a greater understanding of the dynamics of fun experiences, enabling management to better recognise and contextualise the impact of fun practices.Originality/valueGiven conflicting findings on both the experience and outcomes of fun at work, this study elucidates the dynamics underpinning the experience of fun at work. It is novel to consider experiences of fun through the lens of psychological contracts, which offers fresh insight into the understanding of individual experiences of fun.

ASPIRATIONS AND IDENTITIES: PROXENIA AT OROPOS DURING THE FOURTH TO SECOND CENTURIES BC

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA WILDING
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Inscribed grants of proxenia were more than just stone copies of a community's diplomatic and honorific transactions. The paper presented here, which focuses upon the widespread inscription of proxeny decrees at Oropos during the fourth to second centuries BC, argues that the documentation of such awards enabled clear public expression of the multifaceted aspirations and identities a community wished to enunciate; in the case of the Oropian dēmos, it articulated both polis identity and its place within the Boiotian confederacy of the Hellenistic period. The city-stateof Oropos is often perceived as a vulnerable territory with severely limited independence, but this paper, by assessing the features and epigraphical practices of those 275 extant Oropian grants of proxeny status, offers fresh insight into its community's social and political expressions, as well as their ambitions in the late Classical and Hellenistic periods.

scholarly journals Compressional behavior of knitted fabrics exposed to repeated wash and wear cycles

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The quality requirements of knitted fabrics nowadays have become highly demanding in terms of appearance and comfort properties. It is well known that yarns are subjected to tension, bending, torsion and compression during the wear and care of apparels. The appropriate selection of raw materials could be the way to reduce the deformation of knits caused by mechanical forces. Keeping in mind the fact that natural fibers and man-made fibers can significantly differ in respect to elastic properties, natural fiber and synthetic fiber knits were produced for the experiment. The experimental material included three different variants of knitted fabrics: 100% hemp knit, 100% PAC knit and hemp 50%/PAC 50% knit. The behavior of knitted fabrics during the relaxation of compression was investigated. In order to indicate the change of the compressional properties of knitted fabrics, the same investigation after undergoing repeated wash and wear cycles (during eight weeks) was repeated. Although the structure of the tested samples was the same, there were differences in the compressional behavior of the knitted fabrics. It is obvious that the differences in the elastic properties of hemp and PAC fibers were projected into the knits. Compression curves were drawn in order to obtain an insight into the change of the compressional behavior of knitted fabrics during wear. These curves also enabled a comparative estimation of the compressional behavior of knits made of different yarn components. The surfaces proportional to the work of the compression for each of the cycles, as well as the work of compression between the first and the fifth cycles, of loading-unloading cycles were calculated. In order to compare the tested knitted fabrics, the hysteresis of compression was analyzed from the aspect of ability of elastic recovery. The change in compressional behavior of knits exposed to wear and care cycles was confirmed. However, analysis of the comparative compression behavior of knits before and after wear, indicated differences between the tested samples. The mechanical model for the lateral compression of fabrics derived from van Wyk's compression law, which explains the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fiber mass during compression is well known in the literature. In order to obtain a comprehensive insight into the compressional behavior of knitted fabrics, the results obtained were approximated with van Wyk'a equation.

Characterization of New Occurrences of Clays in the City of Pedra Lavrada-PB, for Use as Ceramics Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Silva ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
Suellen Lisboa Dias ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
The City

Paraiba State is a major instance of non-metallic mineral mainly of bentonite clay, balls clays, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, limestone, mica, etc. Recently it was discovered new deposits of clay in the region of Cubatí and Pedra Lavrada, PB, thereby providing an expansion of mineral inputs in the region. The aim of thi study is to characterize the clays from the city of Pedra Lavrada - PB, to be used as ceramic raw materials. The mineralogy of the clays was performed using the following techniques: laser diffraction (AG), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG and DTA), chemical analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cations exchange capacity (CEC) and surface area (AE). The specimens were molded by compression of 2 MPa, with dimensions of 60mm x 20 mm x 4 mm. The followed physical and mechanical properties were determined: firing shrinkage, water absorption, bending stress rupture and modulus after calcined at 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C. The results showed that the clays present smectite and kaolinite in their mineralogical composition and through the physical and mechanical properties this clays could probably be used as ceramic raw materials.

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