An Integrated View of the Effects of Wine Polyphenols and Their Relevant Metabolites on Gut and Host Health

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.733450095.793569645 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eamonn Quigley

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Host Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Impact

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Virome and Inflammasomes, a Finely Tuned Balance with Important Consequences for the Host Health

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171005112921 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1027-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giulia Freer ◽

Fabrizio Maggi ◽

Mauro Pistello

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Human Beings ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Downstream Effects ◽

Host Health ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Human Immune ◽

Immune Defences

Background:The virome is a network of viruses normally inhabiting humans. It forms a conspicuous portion of the so-called microbiome, once generically referred to as resident flora. Indeed, viruses infecting humans without leading to clinical disease are increasingly recognized as part of the microbiome and have an impact on the development of our immune system. In addition, they activate inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that assemble in cells and that are responsible for the downstream effects of sensing pathogens.Objective:This review aims at summarizing the evidence on the role of the virome in modulating inflammation and emphasizes evidence for Anelloviruses as useful molecular markers to monitor inflammatory processes and immune system competence.Method:We carried out a review of the literature published in the last 5 years and summarized older literature to take into account ground-breaking discoveries concerning inflammasome assembly and virome.Results:A massive amount of data recently emerging demonstrate that the microbiome closely reflects what we eat, and many other unexpected variables. Composition, location, and amount of the microbiome have an impact on innate and adaptive immune defences. Viruses making up the virome contribute to shaping the immune system. Anelloviruses, the best known of such viruses, are present in most human beings, persistently without causing apparent disease. Depending on their interplay with such viruses, inflammasomes instruct host defences to tolerate or forfeit a specific microorganism.Conclusion:The virome plays an important role in shaping human immune defences and contributes to inflammatory processes by quenching or increasing them.

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Microencapsulation: A Prospective to Protect Probiotics

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666190712222623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 891-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wissam Zam

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Food Industry ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Host Health ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Selection Of

Probiotics are viable microorganisms widely used for their claimed beneficial effects on the host health. A wide number of researchers proved that the intake of probiotic bacteria has numerous health benefits which created a big market of probiotic foods worldwide. The biggest challenge in the development of these products is to maintain the viability of bacterial cells during the storage of the product as well as throughout the gastrointestinal tract transit after consumption, so that the claimed health benefits can be delivered to the consumer. Different approaches have been proposed for increasing the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms, including the selection of resistant strains, incorporation of micronutrients, and most recently the use of microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation has resulted in enhancing the viability of these microorganisms which allows its wide use in the food industry. In this review, the most common techniques used for microencapsulation of probiotics will be presented, as well as the most usual microcapsule shell materials.

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Wine-Derived Phenolic Metabolites in the Digestive and Brain Function

Beverages ◽

10.3390/beverages5010007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irene Zorraquín-Peña ◽

Adelaida Esteban-Fernández ◽

Dolores González de Llano ◽

Begoña Bartolomé ◽

M. Moreno-Arribas

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Direct Action ◽

Neuronal Response ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Phenolic Metabolites ◽

Chemical Complexity ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Wine Polyphenols ◽

Health Promoting

Wine, and specifically red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity comprising a particular combination of phenolic compounds which are directly associated with its health-promoting properties. Wine polyphenols could induce changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota that would affect the production of physiologically active phenolic metabolites modifying the content and phenolic profile at the systemic level. In addition, in the human population, it seems that different “metabotypes”, or patterns of metabolizing wine polyphenols, exist, which would be reflected in the different biological fluids (i.e., plasma, urine and feces) and tissues of the human body. Moreover, wine polyphenols might change the composition of oral microbiota by an antimicrobial action and/or by inhibition of the adhesion of pathogens to oral cells, thus contributing to the maintenance of oral health. In turn, polyphenols and/or its metabolites could have a direct action on brain function, by positively affecting signaling routes involved in stress-induced neuronal response, as well as by preventing neuroticism-like disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) through anti-inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms. All of this would condition the positive effects on health derived from moderate wine consumption. This paper reviews all these topics, which are directly related with the effects of wine polyphenols at both digestive and brain level. Further progresses expected in the coming years in these fields are also discussed.

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Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1016

Author(s):

María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo ◽

Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón ◽

María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas ◽

Julio Gálvez ◽

Alba Rodríguez-Nogales

Keyword(s):

Competitive Exclusion ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Host Health ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties ◽

Immunological Alterations

Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.

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