Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Phytolacca dodecandra Collected in Ethiopia

The essential oil from Phytolacca dodecandra, a traditional herb of Ethiopia, has been studied, including the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The difference between four P. dodecandra samples (P-1–P-4), which differed in gender or location, has also been analyzed. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation, while the aromas were extracted by head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and both were analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oils’ antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the microdilution method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Ninety one components, representing 88.37 to 94.01% of the aromas, were identified. The compositions of the aromas of four samples are mainly dominated by aldehydes and ketones: 2-nonanone (1.80–30.80%), benzaldehyde (4.99–25.99%), and sulcatone (2.34–5.87%). Sixty components representing 64.61 to 69.64% of the oils were identified, and phytone (3.04–21.23%), phytol (4.11–26.29%) and palmitic acid (1.49–23.87%) are the major compounds. No obvious antimicrobial activity was observed for all the four essential oils.

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Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil of Taxus Media and Taxus Chinensis Var. Mairei Leaves

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1092 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 343-344 ◽

pp. 1092-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Ke Yuan ◽

Yong Chun Jin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Taxus Chinensis ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Taxus Media ◽

The Difference

The study was conceived to evaluate the difference in the chemical composition as well as the difference in the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Taxus media and Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves. The chemical composition of essential oils which obtained by hydrodistillation method, were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system, and the relative amount of the chemical components of the essential oils were determined by the peak area normalization method. Remarkable differences were recorded between the percentages of a few constituents from the two essential oils. A total of 34 compounds were identified from the essential oil of Taxus media leaves, with the compounds of the dominant are Benzene propanenitrile (21.30%), 1, 4-Dioxane-2, 3-diol (20.13%), 3-Bromo-3-methyl-Butyric acid (17.92%) and 1-hydroxy-2-Butanone (9.85%). For the essential oil of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei leaves, 33 compounds were identified with the compounds of the dominant are Benzene propanenitrile (49.39%), 1-hydroxy-2-Butanone (12.72%), Acetic acid (5.39%), 1-octen-3-ol (4.28%) and (E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propenoic acid, (3.53 %). The ﬁlter paper disc agar diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils, and diameter of antibacterial zones (DD) value and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The result showed that the essential oil of Taxus media leaves possessed stronger antimicrobial activity than the essential oil of Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves against the two tested bacteria.

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Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus serpyllum Essential Oils

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329899 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aneta WESOŁOWSKA ◽

Monika GRZESZCZUK ◽

Dorota JADCZAK ◽

Paweł NAWROTEK ◽

Magdalena STRUK

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

E Coli ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus serpyllum‘Aureus’ has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-seven compounds (99.67% of the total oil) wereidentified in the essential oil of T. serpyllum. The main components found in the oil were carvacrol (37.49%), -terpinene (10.79%), -caryophyllene (6.51%), p-cymene (6.06%), (E)--ocimene (4.63%) and -bisabolene (4.51%). Similarly, carvacrol (44.93%), -terpinene(10.08%), p-cymene (7.39%) and -caryophyllene (6.77%) dominated in the oil of T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’. A total of forty three compounds wereidentified in this oil, representing 99.49% of the total oil content. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the content of 1-octen-3-ol,eucalyptol, (Z)--ocimene, (E)--ocimene, -terpinene, carvacrol methyl ether, germacrene D and -bisabolene was significantly higher for T.serpyllum while T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ was characterized by a significantly higher content of 3-octanone, 3-octanol, p-cymene, borneol andcarvacrol. The isolated essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against nine reference strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris and Candidaalbicans) by the microdilution technique. Based on this test, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oil were calculated. Thevolatile oil obtained from T. serpyllum showed the highest antimicrobial activity relative to the strain of E. coli (MIC=0.025 μL/mL) and to theyeast C. albicans (MIC=0.05 μL/mL). Similarly, a significant antimicrobial activity exhibited T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ essential oil, although the MICvalues obtained in that case for E. coli and C. albicans strains were twice as high and were respectively 0.05 μL/mL and 0.1 μL/mL.

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Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽

Lucian Lupascu ◽

Aculina Aricu ◽

Ion Dragalin ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Residual Water ◽

By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.33215 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 219-223

Author(s):

AFTAB ALAM ◽

RITA SINGH MAJUMDAR ◽

PRAVEJ ALAM

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Amomum Subulatum

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars. Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Centaurea Pannonica and C. Jacea

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000501030 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tanja Milošević ◽

Catherine Argyropoulou ◽

Slavica Solujić ◽

Dragana Murat-Spahić ◽

Helen Skaltsa

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fatty Acid Fraction ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Octadecanoic Acid ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Important Fatty Acid ◽

Main Components

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Centaurea pannonica (Heufel) Simonkai and C. jacea L. (Asteraceae), were investigated. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty five and twenty nine compounds were identified in the two oils, respectively. C. pannonica oil was rich in fatty acids (43.7%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (34.0%) and ( Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8.6%) as the major compounds. In contrast, the essential oil of C. jacea was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.2%), among which caryophyllene oxide (23.5%) and spathulenol (8.9%) were the major constituents. However, the oil was also characterized by an important fatty acid fraction (15.5%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (8.9%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.6%) being the main components. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the microdilution method against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Both oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.

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Chemical and Antimicrobial Analyses of Juniperus chinensis and Juniperus seravschanica Essential Oils and Comparison with Their Methanolic Crude Extracts

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/9937522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Al-Dhafri S. Khamis ◽

Lay Ching Chai

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Juniperus Chinensis

Juniperus chinensis and Juniperus seravschanica are commonly used in the traditional folk medicine to treat microbial infection. In this study, the essential oils obtained from the leaves of J. chinensis growing in Malaysia and J. seravschanica growing in Oman were analysed by head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and screened for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10662), Bacillus subtilis ATCC6059, Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC 33591). To compare the antimicrobial activities of extracts using different extraction methods, methanol extraction was performed to obtain crude extracts from the leaves of J. chinensis and J. seravschanica for antimicrobial analysis. The HS-SPME-GS-MS analysis of the essential oils from the leaves of J. chinensis and J. seravschanica identified 37 and 36 components, respectively. Essential oils from these two species had distinctive chemical component profiles, with α-pinene (27.2%) as the major component of J. chinensis essential oil, while dl-limonene (45.2%) constitutes the major component of J. seravschanica essential oil. Essential oils of these two species shared only six similar terpenoids compounds: α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-elemene, sabinene, elemol, and 3-cyclohexen-1-ol. Overall, the essential oils showed antimicrobial activities against all the six bacterial strains tested, with the highest antagonistic activity against M. luteus and B. cereus; while, methanolic crude extracts showed the highest activities against S. aureus and MRSA strains. The methanolic crude extracts demonstrated significantly higher antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria ( p < 0.005 ); while, the essential oils of Juniperus did not show significant differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Future studies are needed to investigate the active compounds present in the essential oils and methanolic crude extracts that confer the selectivity in the antimicrobial activity.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Sesquiterpene-Rich Essential Oils of Two Medicinal Plants, Lannea egregia and Emilia sonchifolia, from Nigeria

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 488

Author(s):

Akintayo L. Ogundajo ◽

Tolulope Ewekeye ◽

Olubunmi J. Sharaibi ◽

Moses S. Owolabi ◽

Noura S. Dosoky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Lannea egregia (Anacardiaceae) and Emilia sonchifolia (Asteraceae) are plants used in traditional medicine in southwestern Nigeria. The essential oils from the leaves of L. egregia and E. sonchifolia were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Both essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenoids. The major components in L. egregia leaf essential oil were α-panasinsen (34.90%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.25%), α-copaene (11.39%), and selina-4,11-diene (9.29%), while E. sonchifolia essential oil was rich in γ-himachalene (25.16%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.72%), and γ-gurjunene (8.58%). The essential oils were screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of bacteria and fungi and displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 156 μg/mL to 625 μg/mL. Based on these results, either L. egregia or E. sonchifolia essential oil may be recommended for exploration as complementary antibacterial or antifungal agents.

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Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00219-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mansureh Ghavam ◽

Afsaneh Afzali ◽

Maria Manconi ◽

Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽

Maria Letizia Manca

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽

Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20981239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098123

Author(s):

Peng-fei Yang ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Qiong-bo Wang ◽

Zhi-wei Zhao ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Assay ◽

Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

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Antimicrobial Essential Oil Combinations to Combat Foot Odour

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0592-8022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (09/10) ◽

pp. 662-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ané Orchard ◽

Alvaro Viljoen ◽

Sandy van Vuuren

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractFoot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the Brevibacterium species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable treatment of odour and contribute towards antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, this study sets out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil combinations against odour-causing bacteria. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 119 essential oil combinations, and the fractional inhibitory index was calculated to determine the interactive profile. Combinations that resulted in synergy in 1 : 1 ratios were further evaluated in different concentrations, and isobolograms were plotted to determine the influence of the ratio on overall activity. Numerous combinations could be identified as having synergistic interactions against the Brevibacterium spp. and no antagonism was observed. The combination of Juniperus virginiana (juniper) and Styrax benzoin (benzoin) demonstrated synergy against all three Brevibacterium spp. tested and J. virginiana was the essential oil responsible for the majority of the synergistic interactions. The results reported here confirm the promising potential of the majority of these oils and selected combinations in treating and controlling bromodosis.

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