scholarly journals Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate on Easily Prepared Carbon-Supported Bi Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ávila-Bolívar ◽  
Leticia García-Cruz ◽  
Vicente Montiel ◽  
José Solla-Gullón
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bismuth Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Bi Nanoparticles

Herein, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate on carbon-supported bismuth nanoparticles is reported. Carbon-supported Bi nanoparticles (about 10 nm in size) were synthesized using a simple, fast and scalable approach performed under room conditions. The so-prepared Bi electrocatalyst was characterized by different physicochemical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction and subsequently air-brushed on a carbon paper to prepare electrodes. These electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and also by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, CO2 electroreduction electrolyses were performed at different electrode potentials for 3 h. At the optimal electrode potential (−1.6 V vs AgCl/Ag), the concentration of formate was about 77 mM with a faradaic efficiency of 93 ± 2.5%. A 100% faradaic efficiency was found at a lower potential (−1.5 V vs AgCl/Ag) with a formate concentration of about 55 mM. In terms of stability, we observed that after about 70 h (in 3 h electrolysis experiments at different potentials), the electrode deactivates due to the gradual loss of metal as shown by SEM/EDX analyses of the deactivated electrodes.

scholarly journals Low-Overpotential Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid on Surface-Modified Doped Tin Oxide Pellets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Abdul ◽  
Jason Pitts ◽  
Deepak Rajput ◽  
Shankar Rananavare
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Tin Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Gas sensors fabricated with antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanomaterials exhibit remarkable sensitivity for detecting oxidizing and reducing gases. This study highlights the enhanced selectivity and stability of the porous ATO nanomaterial electrode made for electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous media. During electrochemical reduction, these electrodes prepared from compressed powders tend to crumble within a few hours in aqueous media. To overcome this electrode disintegration effect, we modified the surface of the doped tin-Oxide nanoparticles with Nafion and a dipodal silane (1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane). The electrode characterization studies include Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Scanning electron microscopic investigation of electrode surface morphology and roughness before and after electrochemical CO2 reduction for derivatized and underivatized electrode revealed lower surface roughness for former than the latter.The derivatized electrodes allowed CO2 electrochemical reduction at low overpotentials and high current density without any electrode crumbling over more than 24 hours of continuous operation. Formate/formic acid and methanol were the major products of reduction at electrode potentials ranging from -0.4 to -1.0V vs. RHE in the CO2 saturated 0.1M KHCO3 electrolyte. Higher current density and Faradaic Efficiency of formic acid was observed when compared to planar tin electrode materials and tin oxide nanoparticles deposited on FTO glass.

scholarly journals Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 17572-17581
Author(s):  
Nusrat Rashid ◽  
Mohsin Ahmad Bhat ◽  
U. K. Goutam ◽  
Pravin Popinand Ingole
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Herein, we present fabrication of graphene oxide supported Cu/CuxO nano-electrodeposits which efficiently and selectively can electroreduce CO2 into ethylene with a faradaic efficiency of 34% and conversion rate of 194 mmol g−1 h−1 at −0.985 V vs. RHE.

scholarly journals Significantly Enhanced Aqueous Cr(VI) Removal Performance of Bi/ZnO Nanocomposites via Synergistic Effect of Adsorption and SPR-Promoted Visible Light Photoreduction

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Yuan ◽  
Zijuan Feng ◽  
Jianjun Zhao ◽  
Jiawei Niu ◽  
Jiasen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Bismuth Nanoparticles ◽  
Effective Transfer

Bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) and Zinc Oxide photocatalysts (BiNPs/ZnO) with different Bi loadings were successfully prepared via a facile chemical method. Their morphology and structure were thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that a modification of hexagonal wurtzite-phase ZnO nanoparticles with Bi is achievable with an intimate interfacial interaction within its composites. The performance of the photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal under visible light irradiation indicated that BiNPs/ZnO exhibited a superior removal performance to bare ZnO, Bi, and the counterpart sample prepared using a physical mixing method. The excellent performance of the BiNPs/ZnO photocatalysts could be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the considerable physical Cr (VI) adsorption and enhanced absorption intensity in the visible light region, due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as well as the effective transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carriers at the interface.

scholarly journals Arc Plasma Deposited Copper and Gold Nanoparticles on FTO Substrate for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Electro Catalysis ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

A composite of copper and gold nanoparticles was deposited using arc plasma deposition on the conductive FTO substrate for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 . The use of arc plasma deposition system allows the nanoparticles to be implanted onto the substrate as opposed to the commonly used methods of vacuum deposition or electro deposition. This unique structure reduced the CO2 to produce formic acid with up to 60% faradaic efficiency. Copper and gold nanoparticles have never previously been reported to produce formic acid with such high efficiency, suggesting that the co-deposition technique of implanted nanoparticles can provide an interesting future avenue in the field of electrochemical reduction of CO2 . The surface analysis of the electrodes is presented here along with potential dependent faradaic efficiency of the electro catalysis.

scholarly journals Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate: Comparative Study of the Influence of the Electrode Configuration with Sn and Bi-Based Electrocatalysts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Díaz-Sainz ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Guerra ◽  
Angel Irabien
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2

Climate change has become one of the most important challenges in the 21st century, and the electroreduction of CO2 to value-added products has gained increasing importance in recent years. In this context, formic acid or formate are interesting products because they could be used as raw materials in several industries as well as promising fuels in fuel cells. Despite the great number of studies published in the field of the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formic acid/formate working with electrocatalysts of different nature and electrode configurations, few of them are focused on the comparison of different electrocatalyst materials and electrode configurations. Therefore, this work aims at presenting a rigorous and comprehensive comparative assessment of different experimental data previously published after many years of research in different working electrode configurations and electrocatalysts in a continuous mode with a single pass of the inputs through the reactor. Thus, the behavior of the CO2 electroreduction to formate is compared operating with Sn and Bi-based materials under Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) and Catalyst Coated Membrane Electrodes (CCMEs) configurations. Considering the same electrocatalyst, the use of CCMEs improves the performance in terms of formate concentration and energy consumption. Nevertheless, higher formate rates can be achieved with GDEs because they allow operation at higher current densities of up to 300 mA·cm−2. Bi-based-GDEs outperformed Sn-GDEs in all the figures of merit considered. The comparison also highlights that in CCME configuration, the employ of Bi-based-electrodes enhanced the behavior of the process, increasing the formate concentration by 35% and the Faradaic efficiency by 11%.

Highly ordered mesoporous carbon/iron porphyrin nanoreactor for the electrochemical reduction of CO2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 14966-14974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaecheol Choi ◽  
Jeonghun Kim ◽  
Pawel Wagner ◽  
Jongbeom Na ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Iron Porphyrin ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Carbon Iron ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

A highly ordered mesoporous carbon having a large surface area is utilized as a conductive substrate to immobilize iron porphyrin catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction, resulting in the selective conversion of aqueous CO2 into CO with 92.1% faradaic efficiency.

scholarly journals Optimizing Temperature Treatment of Copper Hollow Fibers for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Khalid Khazzal Hummadi ◽  
Anne Sustronk ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Nieck Benes ◽  
Guido Mul
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Hydrogen Treatment ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Copper Particles ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Copper hollow fibers were prepared via dry-wet spinning of a polymer solution of N-methylpyrrolidone, Polyetherimide, Polyvinyl Pyrolidone, and copper particles of sizes in the range of 1–2 µm. To remove template molecules and to sinter the copper particles, the time of calcination was varied in a range of 1–4 h at 600 °C. This calcination temperature was determined based on Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), showing completion of hydrocarbon removal at this temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the subsequent treatment of the fibers in a flow of 4% H2 (in Ar) was varied in the range of 200 °C to 400 °C, at a fixed time of 1 h. Temperature programmed reduction experiments (TPR) were used to analyze the hydrogen treatment. The Faradaic Efficiency (FE) towards CO in electrochemical reduction of CO2 was determined at −0.45 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode), using a 0.3 M KHCO3 electrolyte. A calcination time of 3 h at 600 °C and a hydrogen treatment temperature of 280 °C were found to induce the highest FE to CO of 73% at these constant electrochemical conditions. Optimizing oxidation properties is discussed to likely affect porosity, favoring the CO2 gas distribution over the length of the fiber, and hence the CO2 reduction efficiency. Treatment in H2 in the range of 250 to 300 °C is proposed to affect the content of residual (subsurface) oxygen in Cu, which leads to favorable properties on the nanoscale.

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